A Study On Impact Of Goods And Service Tax On Small Traders With Reference Mysuru District, Karnataka

The study investigates the impact of Goods and Services Taxes on small businesses. Tax policies have such a big impact on the economy in terms of both efficiencies and equity. For Indian government small traders and medium traders are one of the pillars. Here small traders can fill the registration through online itself. In VAT the tax payment where differed from state to state in some states we have earn 10 lakhs we should pay VAT but for some states if its 5 lakhs itself we need to pay VAT. So it leads to confusion and its not much effective. So compare to that in GST we have one nation one tax. So that small and medium traders can go anywhere and can expand there revenue and business anywhere in India. This study is based on both primary data and secondary data. For collecting of primary data from sample respondents used structured questionnaire. Statistical tools like Garrett ranking method and chi-squre test, ANOVA are used for analysis of data

Los límites propios de los mercados en la provisión de los bienes y servicios / The limits of markets in the provision of goods and services

RESUMEN Se examinan cuatro aproximaciones sobre los procesos y limitaciones de los mercados, y los de no mercado: Smith, Arrow, Becker y Roth. Smith centra la atención en el sentimiento moral de la simpatía, Arrow pone el énfasis en las asimetrías lógicas que se presentan entre la elección individual y la colectiva, Becker busca ampliar el sistema de precios a través de los incentivos y Roth destaca la relevancia de la sicología y de la conducta humana.

ABSTRACT Four approaches to the processes and limitations of markings, and those of non-market, are examined: Smith, Arrow, Becker and Roth. Smith focuses on the moral feeling of sympathy, Arrow emphasizes the logical asymmetries that arise between individual and collective choice, Becker seeks to expand the price system through incentives, and Roth highlights the relevance of psychology and human behavior.

Desafios para a gestão de estoques em empresas de distribuição de bens de consumo / Desafíos para la gestión de inventarios en empresas de distribución de bienes de consumo / Challenges for inventory management in consumer goods distribution companies

Resumo Introdução: As empresas dos canais de distribuição têm como principal função intermediar transações entre os fornecedores e revendas. Além disso, elas servem como agentes entre as revendas e os usuários finais comissionando à revenda. Este artigo foi desenvolvido em uma distribuidora nacional de automação, com 20 anos neste mercado que apresenta problemas no estoque como: rupturas e excessos, buscando ações para minimizar estes principais problemas. Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar e contextualizar estas variáveis, podendo assim identificar sugestões de ações de melhorias de como evitar problemas em gestão de estoques. Materiais e métodos: A metodologia utilizada foi a análise qualitativa, tendo como método de pesquisa o estudo de caso único. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado e avaliadas as informações do banco de dados da empresa. Foi elaborado um fluxograma do setor de compras e estoque para mapear o funcionamento do setor. Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram a empresa acredita que tem um controle de estoque adequado, mas identificou a necessidade de melhorias, devido às frequentes rupturas no estoque, assim como os excessos de itens com baixo giro de vendas. Conclusões: Foram determinados ferramentas e indicadores de gestão de estoques para controlar os problemas de distribuição logística.

Resumen Introducción: Las empresas de los canales de distribución tienen como principal función intermediar transacciones entre los proveedores y reventas. Además, ellos sirven como agentes entre los revendedores y los usuarios finales comisionando a la reventa. Este artículo fue desarrollado en una distribuidora nacional de automatización, con 20 años en este mercado y que presenta problemas en el stock como rupturas y excesos, buscando acciones para minimizar estés problemas principales. Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar y contextualizar estas variables, pudiendo así identificar sugerencias de acciones de mejoras de cómo evitar problemas en la gestión de inventarios. Materiales y métodos: La metodología utilizada fue el análisis cualitativo, teniendo como método de investigación el estudio de caso. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado y evaluado la información de la base de datos de la empresa. Se elaboró un diagrama de flujo del sector de compras y stock para mapear el funcionamiento del sector. Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación evidenciaron que la empresa cree que tiene un control de inventario adecuado, pero identificó la necesidad de mejoras, debido a las frecuentes rupturas en el stock, así como los excesos de ítems con bajo giro de ventas. Conclusiones: Se han determinado herramientas e indicadores de gestión de stocks para controlar los problemas de distribución logística.

Abstract Introduction. Companies of distribution channels are mainly responsible broker transactions between suppliers and resellers. Additionally, they serve as agents between resellers and end-users commissioning resale. This article was developed in a national distributor of automation, with 20 years in this market that presents problems in stock as ruptures and excesses, actions seeking to minimize these core problems. Objective. The objective of the research was to analyze and contextualize these variables and thus identify suggestions for actions to improve how to avoid problems in inventory management. Materials and methods. The methodology was qualitative analysis, and as a research method, the single case study was analyzed. A structured questionnaire and evaluated information from the database of the company was applied. A flowchart of the purchasing and storage area was designed to map the functioning of the sector. Results. The results showed the company believes it has adequate inventory control, but identified the need for improvements due to frequent disruptions in stock, as well as the excess items with low sales turnover. Conclusions. Tools and inventory management indicators were determined to control the distribution logistics problems.

Reseach on origin identification of commercially available Zaocys dhumnades / 中国中药杂志

Through market investigation, the adulteration of Zaocys dhumnades on markets was found out, and samples of authentic and adulterated Z. dhumnades on markets were collected. The origin and properties of the adulterated Z. dhumnades were studied in order to provide reference for the identification of Z. dhumnades. The counterfeit Z. dhumnades sold on markets were as follows: Ptyas korros, P. mucosus, Najanaja atra, Sinonatrix annularis, Dinodon septentrionalis, etc. It is found that there existed a obvious difference between the traits of the Z. dhumnades and counterfeits. Genuine Z. dhumnades with "sword ridge" "iron tail", strongly ribbed scales and other features, is the key point to identify the difference from adulterants.

Mercados legales de objetos robados: compraventa de computadoras portátiles robadas en mercados de Lima / Legal markets of stolen goods: trading of stolen laptops in Lima markets / Mercados legais de objetos roubados: compra e venda de computadores portáteis roubados, em mercados de Lima

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivos: i) describir las rutas de circulación de computadoras portátiles robadas en cuatro mercados del centro de Lima, ii) analizar los factores que inciden en la transformación de precio de las computadoras portátiles robadas, iii) determinar el carácter legal de los mercados en los que se comercializan estos objetos y iv) analizar la importancia del comercio de computadoras en la economía de los vendedores finales. Se ha recolectado información a través de entrevistas a vendedores, compradores y ladrones; a través de observaciones en terreno; y a través del método de informante-actor (asistiendo a los mercados para consultar precios de objetos robados). Los resultados muestran un circuito de fases concatenadas para la circulación de los objetos robados, donde a la fase inicial de la obtención (robo), le siguen las fases de acopio, acondicionamiento y venta final. El estudio muestra la importancia de la oferta final, realizada enmercados legales. Se trata de mercados autorizados para la venta de objetos de procedencia lícita en donde se insertan objetos robados, dada la alta precariedad y permeabilidad de los controles.

Abstract This document has stated as objectives: i) to describe the circulation paths of stolen laptops in four markets in Lima downtown; ii) to analyze the factors that influence in the price transformation of the stolen laptops; iii) to determine the legal character of the markets where these goods are traded; and iv) to analyze the importance of computers trade in the economy of the final sellers. The information has been collected by interviewing sellers, buyers and thieves, also through field observations and informant-actor method (visiting markets for asking prices of stolen goods). The results show a route of phases linked for the stolen objects circulation. The initial phase of the obtainment process (theft) is followed by the phases of storing, conditioning and final sale. This study presents the importance of the final offer carried out in legal markets, which are authorized markets for selling goods from licit sources, but stolen objects are placed there, because of the high precariousness and permeability of the controls.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivos: i) descrever as rotas de circulação de computadores portáteis roubados em quatro mercados do centro de Lima; ii) analisar os fatores que incidem na transformação do preço dos computadores portáteis roubados; iii) determinar o caráter legal dos mercados em que são comercializados esses objetos e; iv) analisar a importância do comercio de computadores na economia dos vendedores finais. Coletou-se informação por meio de entrevistas com os vendedores, compradores e ladrões, da observação do terreno e da metodologia informante-ator (comparecimento aos mercados, para consulta de preços dos objetos roubados). Os resultados mostram um conjunto de fases concatenadas para a circulação dos objetos roubados, no qual a fase inicial é a obtenção (roubo), seguida pelas fases de recolhida, acondicionamento e venda final. O estudo apresenta a importância da oferta final realizada em "mercados legais". Trata-se de mercados autorizados para a venda de objetos de procedência lícita, onde são inseridos objetos roubados, dadas a alta precariedade e a permeabilidade dos controles.

A economia de bens simbólicos e a criação de um ambiente favorável à doação: uma análise das campanhas de incentivo à doação de órgãos e tecidos / La economía de los bienes simbólicos y la creación de un ambiente propicio para la donación: un análisis de las campanas de incentivo de donación de órganos y tejidos / The economics of symbolic goods and the creation of a favorable environment for organ and tissue donation: an analysis of campaigns to promote organ and tissue donation

Resumo A partir da análise dos simbolismos presentes nos discursos publicitários das organizações que atuam com doação e transplantação de órgãos e tecidos no Brasil, o estudo tem como objetivo analisar quais são os símbolos que o Sistema Nacional de Transplantes (STN) produz para a construção de um ambiente favorável à doação. Para isso, parte-se de um plano teórico que discute os princípios que estruturam uma economia das trocas simbólicas no interior de uma lógica social, que estimula o comportamento altruísta e procura evitar o comportamento mercantil desses bens raros. No seu plano empírico, a partir da análise semiótica, observa-se que os atores públicos e privados intervenientes atuam na elaboração de símbolos capazes de estabelecer verdades subjetivas que estimulam a doação, em oposição ao comportamento mercantil.

Resumen A partir del análisis de la simbología presente en los discursos publicitarios de las organizaciones que trabajan con la donación y el trasplante de órganos y tejidos en Brasil, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar cuáles son los símbolos que el Sistema Nacional de Trasplantes (STN) se utiliza para la construcción de un entorno favorable a la donación. Para esto, fue construido un plan teórico que analiza los principios que sustentan una economía de intercambios simbólicos dentro de una lógica social, que estimula el comportamiento altruista y busca evitar el comportamiento comercial de estos productos raros. En su nivel empírico, a partir de un análisis semiótico, se observa que actores públicos y privados actúan en la elaboración de símbolos capaces de establecer verdades subjetivas que fomentan la donación a diferencia de comportamiento comercial

Abstract This article aims to analyze which are the symbols that the National Transplant System (STN) produces to build a favorable environment for organ and tissue donation. The study is based on the analysis of symbolism in advertising discourses of Brazilian organizations that promote organ and tissue donation. A theoretical plan is presented to discuss the principles at the base of the economy of symbolic exchanges within a social logic. The article argues that this process stimulates altruistic behavior and aims to avoid the mercantile behavior around organ and tissue donation. In the empirical plan, a semiotic analysis in organ donation advertise campaigns was conducted, observing that public and private actors use a set of symbols aiming to establish subjective truths that stimulate the donation in opposition to mercantile behavior.

Analysis of schistosomiasis prevention and control model of Yujiang:in-sights from governmental supply of rural public goods / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

This article analyzes the influencing factors of rural public service supply of schistosomiasis prevention and control in China and the successful experiences of schistosomiasis prevention and pattern of Yujiang from an angle of view of rural public goods.This article points out the short supply of rural public goods in the service of schistosomiasis prevention and control in the traditional small-scale peasant economy,and the possibility of promoting the rural public goods in the cooperation economic model.The essential features of the schistosomiasis prevention and control pattern of Yujiang include strengthening the leadship of the Communist Party of China,improving health education,adjusting the measures to local condition,and so on.

Outro olhar sobre a vigilância sanitária de produtos no Brasil: a legislação de controle sanitário das importações em foco / Another look at sanitary surveillance of products in Brazil: the sanitary control legislation of imports in focus

Resumo Este artigo tem como objeto a regulamentação adotada pelo Brasil no que tange ao controle sanitário da importação de produtos sob vigilância sanitária. O estudo incorporou os aspectos políticos, técnicos, econômicos e institucionais envolvidos no controle das importações. Destaca-se, ainda, a identificação de atores que se mostraram relevantes na formulação e na implantação das normas. Nesta perspectiva, foi realizado estudo singular do conjunto das normatizações publicadas entre 1996 e 2013 editadas desde a antiga Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária até a Anvisa. Como resultado, foram selecionadas cinco normas para análise, bem como suas alterações posteriores, caracterizando um estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório, executado com base na análise temática de conteúdo. O exame desse material permitiu traçar uma trajetória do controle sanitário das importações, possibilitando destacar as condicionantes para as alterações dos regulamentos e os efeitos produzidos por estas. Observou-se que tanto a elaboração quanto os posteriores desdobramentos das normatizações foram influenciados pelas mudanças políticas e econômicas observadas no país e no mundo, sofrendo a determinação de organismos internacionais e de atores intra e extra-institucionais, que conduziram a restrições no controle de produtos importados. O estudo permitiu conhecer melhor a prática da vigilância sanitária, no âmbito da importação.

Abstract This article focuses on the regulation adopted by Brazil in relation to health inspection of imports of goods under sanitary surveillance. The study incorporated the political, technical, economic and institutional aspects involved in the sanitary control of imports. Noteworthy is also the identification of actors relevant in the formulation and implementation of standards. In this perspective, we performed singular study of all norms published between 1996 and 2013 edited from the former Health Surveillance Secretariat to the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (Anvisa). As a result, five standards were selected for analysis as well as its subsequent amendments, featuring a qualitative exploratory study based on thematic content analysis. The examination of this material allowed to draw a trajectory of sanitary control of imports, which unfolded from the analysis of standards, allowing highlight the conditions for changes in regulations and the effects of such changes. It was observed that both the elaboration and later developments of norms were influenced by political and economic changes observed in the country and the world, suffering the determination of international organizations and intra and extra-institutional actors, which led to restrictions in the health control products imported. The study allowed a better understanding of the practice of sanitary surveillance in the import scope.

Discussion on public-private partnership for emergency drug supply management system in China / 中华医院管理杂志

The theory of public goods was used to analyze the characteristics and status quo of emergency drug supply in China,holding such drugs as public goods.Based on the public-private partnership(PPP) model,the authors proposed to optimize the existing commanding mechanism,inventory system,information management system and supply system of emergency drugs.We recommended the establishment of an emergency drug supply assurance system,featuring leadership of local governments,and participation of pharmaceutical enterprises and hospitals,in which these entities are assigned with clear-cut emergency supply roles to ensure efficient supply of such drugs in the country.

UNA APROXIMACIÓN ECONÓMICA A LOS DERECHOS COLECTIVOS Y SUS MEDIOS DE PROVISIÓN: EL CASO DE LOS DERECHOS AL "MEDIO AMBIENTE SANO" Y AL "MANEJO Y APROVECHAMIENTO RACIONAL DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES" / AN ECONOMIC APPROACH TO COLLECTIVE RIGHTS AND THEIR MEANS OF PROVISION: THE CASE OF RIGHTS TO "HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT" AND TO "RATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES"

El presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos: (i) Demostrar que la característica de los derechos colectivos relacionada con no exclusión de los beneficios derivados de los "medios" de provisión y de los "objetos" sobre los que aquellos recaen, es una idea consistente con la característica que, desde la perspectiva microeconómica, define simultáneamente a los denominados como recursos no excluyentes. (ii) Demostrar que al analizarse los derechos colectivos desde la perspectiva mencionada, ello supone retos inadvertidos por la doctrina jurídica tradicional, y relacionados con la adecuada provisión de los derechos, ello, por los problemas adjudicados comúnmente a la lógica (olsoniana) de la acción colectiva. El trabajo se refiere estrictamente a los derechos relativos al medio ambiente y el uso de recursos naturales.

This article has two main objectives: (i) To demonstrate that the collective rights characteristics related to inclusiveness of the benefits derived from the "means" of provision and the "objects" on which those fall, is a consistent idea with the characteristic that from the microeconomic perspective, defines simultaneously the so-called not exclusive resources; (ii) To demonstrate that when collective rights are analyzed from the perspective mentioned above, this suppose challenges unnoticed by the traditional legal doctrine and related with the adequate provision of collective rights, which happens because of the problems commonly allotted to the logics (Olsonian) of collective action. This work refers strictly to collective rights related to the environment and the use of natural resources".

Homenaje al profesor Alfonso Gómez - Lobo (Q. E. P. D. ) bioética y bienes humanos básicos / Tribute to Professor Alfonso Gómez-Lobo (Q.E.P.D.) Bioethics and "Basic Human Goods"

El objetivo de este artículo es rendir un homenaje al Profesor Alfonso Gómez-Lobo (q.e.p.d.) dando a conocer su aporte al desarrollo de la Bioética contemporánea y la reciente publicación (2015) de su libro póstumo "Bioethics and the Human Goods. An Introduction to Natural Law Bioethics", trabajado en conjunto con su colega y amigo, el Prof. John Keown, de la Universidad de Georgetown. Alfonso Gómez-Lobo fue - sin duda - uno de los más prestigiosos filósofos latinoamericanos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y nuestra Universidad tuvo el honor de contarlo entre sus Académicos durante los últimos años de su vida, desempeñando labores académicas simultáneamente en las Facultades de Filosofía y Medicina.Su propuesta de fundamentar la Bioética a partir de los llamados 'bienes humanos básicos' representa una importante contribución al desarrollo de esta disciplina académica y ­como tal- merece ser conocida y valorada por nuestra Comunidad Académica. (AU)

The goal of this article is to pay a tribute to Professor Alfonso Gómez-Lobo (r.i.p.) by showing his unique contribution to the development of contemporary Bioethics and by announcing the recent publication (2015) of his late book "Bioethics and the Human Goods. An Introduction to Natural Law Bioethics", written in collaboration with his friend and colleague from the Georgetown University, Prof. John Keown. Alfonso Gómez-Lobo was doubtless one of the most prestigious Latin-American Philosophers of the second half of the 20th. Century and our University had the privilege of counting him among its Academicians during the last years of his life. He worked simultaneously at the Faculties of Philosophy and Medicine. His proposal to found Bioethics on the so-called 'basic human goods' represents an important contribution to the development of this academic discipline and - as such ­ ought to be known and valued by our Academic Community. (AU)

La innovación en la industria de alimentos: Historia de algunas innovaciones y de sus innovadores / Innovation in the food industry: The history of some innovations and of their innovators

Innovation is currently present in all areas of development, particularly in the food industry. Innovation requires creative effort, audacity and technological and/or commercial skills. In the evolution of foods and the associated processes there have been many failures but also many innovations and successful innovators. This paper describes some cases of successful innovations that finally turned into products that are massively consumed daily.

La innovación es un tema actualmente presente en todas las áreas del desarrollo, particularmente en la industria de los alimentos. La innovación requiere esfuerzo creativo, audacia, habilidades tecnológicas y/o comerciales. En la evolución de los alimentos y de los procesos asociados han existido muchos fracasos pero también muchas innovaciones e innovadores exitosos. Este trabajo describe algunos casos de innovaciones exitosas que finalmente se transformaron en productos que diariamente son de consumo masivo.

Application of radio frequency identification technology in the logistics management of modern medical supplies / 中国医学装备

Objective:To understand the status of medical supplies management and explore the application of RFID technology in medical supplies management.Methods: The implementation of inventory management summarizes some of the experiences from medical supplies, medical supplies in the future direction and management to provide some basis for the implementation of standardized medical supplies, systematic and comprehensive management.Results: Reduce health care costs and improve the level of medical supplies management and accelerate the flow of funds has important significance for the sustainable development of the hospital.Conclusion:The role played by medical supplies and health care practice in the status is irreplaceable, RFID technology as an advanced automatic identification and data capture technologies in the medical field in the future become a hospital for medical goods logistics management indispensable component.

"A liberdade é azul", mas está no vermelho: blue", but the color of freedom seems to be in the red / "Three colors

Dinheiro é excitante. Dinheiro é sexo. Dinheiro é liberdade. Comprar é excitante. É erótico. Armadilha. Nem toda soma de dinheiro é capital. O dinheiro torna-se capital no modo de produção capitalista. Assim a mercadoria também torna mercadoria-capital. Entender a mais-valia. O artista vive no azul da liberdade e no vermelho das dívidas. E das dúvidas. Necessidade de esclarecimentos. Estudo. Capital humano. Psicanálise, Ciência, Cabala, Teatro, Amor, Poesia, Humor. Muito humor para suportar as vozes dissonantes. O artista busca diálogo. Diálogo com seu Eu e com o Outro. Erotiza a vida e a vida o erotiza. É livre com ou sem dinheiro. Mas com dinheiro ele é mais livre. "O dinheiro não é tudo. Mas quando você tem muito dinheiro pelo menos ninguém chama: Hei, você aí!", Millôr Fernandes.

Money is exciting. Money is sex. Money is freedom. Buying is exciting. It is erotic. It is a trap. Not all sum of money is capital. Money becomes capital in the capitalism. This way goods also become capitalgoods. Understanding the surplus value. The artist, always in the red, has an account in the black when the topic is freedom. Full of doubts, the artist needs enlightening. Studying. Human capital. Psychoanalysis, Science, Cabala, Theater, Love, Poetry, Humor. A lot of humor to handle the dissonant voices. The artist seeks dialogue. A dialogue between the Self and the Other. He eroticizes life and it is eroticized by it. He is free with or without money. But he has more freedom with money. "Money isn't everything. But when you have a lot of it no one calls you: 'Hey, you there!'", Millôr Fernandes.

O mundo do trabalho e o mundo dos bens: aspectos da justiça social / The world of work and the world of goods: issues of social justice / El mundo del trabajo y el mundo de la carga: los aspectos de la justicia social / Le monde du travail et le monde de la marchandise: aspects de la justice sociale

O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir com o debate acerca da justiça social, tendo como referência o mundo do trabalho e o mundo dos bens no que tange aos aspectos constitutivos e valorativos de ambas as esferas. Nessa perspectiva, o artigo retoma as teorias sobre os bens, no intuito de refletir acerca do papel desempenhado por eles na vida cotidiana, da distribuição do trabalho no espaço público e suas consequências. Na primeira parte do artigo, desenvolve-se o argumento geral, segundo o qual o trabalho constitui-se em um bem. Na segunda parte, a abordagem refere-se aos aspectos relativos à estruturação e à distribuição do trabalho no espaço público e suas consequências. A adoção desses procedimentos analíticos possibilita um maior entendimento acerca da singularidade e dos modos como se produzem e reproduzem diversas formas de desigualdades sociais. As conclusões apontam para o fato de que o trabalho se constitui em um importante bem de acesso e fonte moral.

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the debate about social justice taking as reference the world of work and the world of goods with respect to the constitutive and evaluative aspects of both spheres. In this perspective, the article revisits the theories on the goods in order to reflect on the role of property in everyday life, the distribution of work in the public space and its consequences. In the first part of the paper develops the general argument, according to which the work consists in a well. In this sense, the first part of the article develops a general argument, according to which the work is in a well. In the second part, the approach refers to those aspects of the structuring and distribution of work in public space and its consequences. The adoption of these analytical procedures allows a greater understanding of the uniqueness and the ways to produce and reproduce various forms of social inequality. The findings point to the fact that work is very important in access, produces an original model of rationality and constitutes an important moral source.

El propósito de este artículo es contribuir al debate sobre la justicia social en relación con el mundo del trabajo y el mundo de los bienes con respecto a los aspectos constitutivos y de evaluación de ambas esferas. En esta perspectiva, el artículo retoma las teorías sobre los bienes con el fin de reflexionar sobre el papel de la propiedad en la vida cotidiana, la distribución del trabajo en el espacio público y sus consecuencias. En la primera parte del artículo desarrolla un argumento general, según el cual la obra se encuentra en un pozo. En la segunda parte, el enfoque se refiere a aquellos aspectos de la estructuración y distribución del trabajo en el espacio público y sus consecuencias. La adopción de estos procedimientos de análisis permite una mayor comprensión de la singularidad y las formas de producir y reproducir las diversas formas de desigualdad social. Los resultados señalan que el hecho de que el trabajo es muy importante en el acceso, produce un modelo original de la racionalidad, y constituye una fuente de mora importante.

Le but de cet article est de contribuer au débat sur la justice sociale en référence au monde du travail et le monde de la marchandise à l'égard des aspects constitutifs et d'évaluation des deux sphères. Dans cette perspective, l'article revisite les théories sur les marchandises afin de réfléchir sur le rôle de la propriété dans la vie quotidienne, la répartition du travail dans l'espace public et de ses conséquences. Dans la première partiede l'article développe un argument général selon lequel le travail est dans un puits. Dans la seconde partie, l'approche se réfère aux aspects de la structuration et la répartition du travail dans l'espace public et ses conséquences. L'adoption de ces procédures analytiques permettant une meilleure compréhension de l'unicité et les moyens de produire et de reproduire les différentes formes de l'inégalité sociale. Le point de conclusions à l'effet que le travail est très important dans l'accès, produit un modèle original de la rationalité et constitue une importante source morale.

Desarrollo de productos horneados a base de leguminosas fermentadas y cereales destinados a la merienda escolar / Baked product development based fermented legumes and cereals for schoolchildren snack

El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar tres alimentos a base de mezclas de trigo y leguminosas, fermentadas y sin fermentar, a los fines de contribuir con una oferta saludable para las meriendas escolares. Para ello se sustituyó parcialmente la harina refinada de trigo por harinas integrales de leguminosas, en la elaboración de ponqués, brownies y galletas, alimentos tradicionalmente consumidos por los niños en edad escolar. Se formularon ponqués sustituyendo 20 por ciento de la harina de trigo por Phaseolus vulgaris, brownies con sustituciones de 30 por ciento de Cajanus cajan y galletas con 30 por ciento de Vigna sinensis, utilizando en los tres productos las leguminosas tanto fermentadas como no fermentadas. Al evaluar sensorialmente estos productos mediante un test de grado de aceptación y usando una escala hedónica de 7 puntos, se encontraron para todos los productos valores superiores a cinco en los atributos, sabor, color y apreciación global. Adicionalmente, se midió la preferencia con un grupo de 90 escolares, corroborándose los resultados obtenidos a nivel de laboratorio. La caracterización química indicó contenidos de proteínas entre 12 y 13 por ciento para el ponqué, 10 y 11 por ciento para los brownies y 10 por ciento para las galletas y digestibilidades proteicas in vitro de 91 por ciento, 87 por ciento y 93 por ciento, respectivamente. El aporte calórico, calculado por ración fue de 199 kcal, 246 kcal y 237 kcal, para ponqués, brownies y galletas, respectivamente. Se concluyó que es técnicamente posible incorporar Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna sinensis y Cajanus cajan, fermentadas y no fermentadas, a productos de alto consumo como ponqués, brownies y galletas de mayor contenido nutricional y bien aceptados por niños escolares.

The objective of this work was to develop three foodstuffs based on mixes of wheat and fermented and non-fermented legumes, for the purpose of contributing with a healthy alternative for school snacks. To this aim, refined wheat flour was partially substituted with whole legume flours for the preparation of cakes, brownies and cookies, foodstuffs traditionally consumed by school age children. Cakes were formulated substituting 20 percent of wheat flour with Phaseolus vulgaris flour, brownies with 30 percent of Cajanus cajan flour and cookies with 30 percent of Vigna sinensis flour, using fermented and non-fermented legumes in the three products. When these products were subjected to sensorial evaluation through a test of degree of acceptability and using a hedonic scale of 7 points, values higher than 5 in the attributes taste, color and overall appraisal were found for all the products. In addition, the preference was measured with a group of 90 school children, corroborating the results obtained at laboratory level. Chemical characterization showed protein contents between 12 and 13 percent for the cake, 10 and 11 percent for the brownies and 10 percent for the cookies and protein digestibilities in vitro of 91 percent, 87 percent and 93 percent, respectively. The calorie supply, calculated per portion was of 199 kcal, 246 kcal and 237 kcal, for cakes, brownies and cookies, respectively. It was concluded that it is technically possible to incorporate fermented and non-fermented Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna sinensis and Cajanus cajan, to highly consumed products such as cakes, brownies and cookies with a higher nutritional content and well-accepted by school-age children.

Discussion Oil innovation and applicationy of"four separated management of goods" in hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

We originally created the theory of "four separated" management of goods, by which we achieved the effective administration in the aspects of check and approval, purchase, safekeeping and usage of materials in our hospital. Combining with practical work of our hospital, this article analyzed and summarized the theory, application, effect and significance of the "four separated" management of the goods.

Transparent Information Management of Medical Consumable Materials Supply / 医疗卫生装备

According to the present situation on purchase, management and the use of medical consumables materials, medical consumables catalogue is compiled, bound and allocated to the institution and other offices, thus making the purchase information open and clean, the management standardized. It is proved to be feasible.

Quality control of decontamination device for sterilized goods / 医疗卫生装备

Operation rules of sterilizing are put forward.Responsible persons with working licenses are selected.The cleanout,packing,loading of pre-sterilized goods are standardized.Sterilizing effects(physical monitoring,chemical monitoring,biological monitoring,B-D test) are inspected.Requirements in maintenance and metrology test are raised.The content and methods for quality control of sterilized goods by using decontamination device are introduced systematically.It is instructive to enhance decontamination quality and lower infection rate in hospitals.

Lo público no estatal en salud / Public non-state participation in health

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre las características que asume la participación de las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil (OSCs), en su articulación con la prestación de servicios públicos sociales, particularmente con aquellos relativos al campo de la salud. El estudio se centra en un nivel local de análisis correspondiente al Municipio de Eldorado, Misiones. En el marco de los intensos procesos de reforma del Estado que atraviesan los países de la región, crecen los márgenes de visibilidad social de una lógica propia de la sociedad civil, orientada hacia la construcción de un espacio de bien público de carácter no estatal. Se plantea como supuesto emergente del proceso de investigación, que la participación en salud de las organizaciones no es significativa en el área de la prestación de servicios de atención médica. Si en cambio en áreas que adquieren un carácter crítico en el contexto local, tales como la nutrición, y la protección, cuidado y asistencia a grupos poblacionales específicos.

In this article, the characteristics of the participation of the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in the rendering of the social public services, specially those related to health, are analyzed. The study was carried out at a local level of analysis, i.e. that of the Eldorado Municipality, Misiones. At the same time as the region countries are going through critical processes of state reforms, the social evidence of a logic characteristic of the social society aimed at the creation of space of health care for the community not depending on the state is growing. The assumption resulting from the process of investigation is that the organizations participation is not significant in the rendering of health care services. However, it is substantial in those fields critical at the local level, such as feeding and protection, care of and help to specific population groups.