Study on the modeling method and pathological parameters of chronic atrophic gastritis / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To explore an ideal method for establishing a mouse model of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).Methods:CAG mouse models were established with five different modeling methods ( N-methyl- N′-nitro- N-nitrosoguanide (MNNG), sodium salicylate, sodium deoxycholate, Helicobacter pylori infection, and combinations of them) in BALB/c and C57 mice. The effect of each modeling method was evaluated by histological observation of gastric mucosa, plasma biochemical parameters, inflammatory response score, and the expression of anti-inflammatory factors. Results:The results of histological observation of gastric mucosa showed that all of the 5 methods could successfully establish CAG mouse models. In BALB/c mice, compared with the healthy control group, significant features of CAG accompanied with intestinal metaplasia was found in the model group established by combination of MNNG-free drinking, 2% sodium salicylate and 20 mmol sodium deoxycholate. From the results of serological detection, compared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression levels of related anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-2, interleukin-10, interleukin-13 and growth differentiation factor-15 of each model group decreased, which indicated that the mice of each CAG model group had different degrees of inflammation. The results of plasma biochemical parameters indicated that plasma gastrin of each group decreased and the ratio of pepsinogen Ⅰ and pepsinogen Ⅱ significantly dropped. The above results demonstrated that in BLAB/c mice, MNNG-free drinking, 2% sodium salicylate and 20 mmol sodium deoxycholate was better than other four modeling methods. For C57 mice, it was also found that simple chemical drug mutagenesis and Helicobacter pylori replication method both could successfully establish CAG models. No matter from pathological observation, relative expression of anti-inflammatory factors and analysis of plasma biochemical parameters, the effects of combination of the two methods was better. Conclusion:The CAG mouse model established by MNNG-free drinking, 2% sodium salicylate and 20 mmol sodium deoxycholate can provide a certain reference for the establishment and application of mouse model in CAG experiments in the future for pharmacological research.

Systemic versus local injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on 5-fluorouracil treated parotid glands of albino rats / Injeção sistêmica e local de células tronco da medula óssea em glandula parotida de ratos albinos tratados com 5-Fluorouracil

Objective: Head and neck cancer is the sixth leading cancer by incidence worldwide and eighth by death. Recent reports revealed that, not only radiotherapy but also chemotherapy may induce xerostomia. The aim of this study was to compare the possible regenerative effect of BMSCs through systemic and local injections. Material and Methods: 52 male Albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1: 10 rats received 0.5 ml of PBS by injection. Group 2: 14 rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU drug. Group 3: 14 rats were injected the same dose of 5-FU then received an intraglandular transplantation of BMSCs suspended in 0.5 ml of PBS at day 1 after 5-FU administration. Group 4: 14 rats were injected the same dose of 5-FU then received an intravenous injection of BMSCs suspended in 0.5 ml of PBS via the tail vein at day 1 after 5-FU administration. Results: Histological examination showed that group 2 showed features of severe degenerative changes which increased over time. Group 3 showed increasing amelioration in the ductal structure overtime. Group 4 also showed regenerated ductal elements however concerning apoptotic changes, immunohistochemistry results revealed improvement in both group 3 and 4 over group 2 with no statistical difference between groups 3 and 4. Conclusion: Histological and immunohistochemical features in group 3 and group 4 revealed similar amelioration in regenerative potentials. On the other hand, regenerative features of both experimental groups were statistically significant as compared independently to group 1 (AU)

Objetivo: O carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço é o sexto câncer de maior incidência no mundo sendo a oitava causa de morte por cancer. Relatos recentes revelaram que não apenas a radioterapia, mas também a quimioterapia podem induzir xerostomia. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a possivel ação regenerative de BMSCs através de injeção local e sistêmica. Material e Métodos: 52 ratos Albino foram aleatoriamente alocados em 4 grupos: Grupo 1: 10 ratos que receberam 0.5 ml de injeção de PBS. Grupo 2: 14 ratos que receberam injeção intraperitoneal da droga 5-FU. Grupo 3: 14 ratos que foram injetados com a mesma dose de 5-FU e receberam transplante intraglandular de BMSCs ressuspendidas em 0.5mL de PBS no dia 1 após a administração do 5-FU. Grupo 4: 14 ratos que foram injetados com a mesma dose de 5-FU e receberam injeção intravenosa de BMSCs ressuspendidas em 0.5mL de PBS via veia caudal 1 dia após a administração de 5-FU. Resultados: O exame histológico demonstrou que o grupo 2 apresentou alterações degenerativas severas que se agravaram com o tempo. O Grupo 3 mostrou melhora da estrutura ductal ao longo do experimento. Group 4 também mostrou elementos ductais regenerados. Referente a alterações apoptóticas,análise imunohistoquimica mostrou melhora nos grupos 3 e 4 comparados ao grupo 2, sendo que os grupos 3 e 4 foram estatisticamente semelhantes. Conclusão: Análises histológicas e imunohistoquímicas mostram que os grupos 3 e 4 apresentam melhora no potencial regenerativo Por outro lado, os resultados observados para os dois grupos foi estatisticamente semlhante quando comparados independentemente ao grupo 1 (AU)

Bienestar espiritual de adultos jóvenes del municipio Libertador San Martin, Entre Ríos, Argentina / Spiritual welfare of young adults of the municipality Libertador San Martin, Entre Ríos, Argentina / Bem - estar espiritual dos adultos jovens no município Libertador San Martin, Entre Ríos, Argentina

O b j e t i v o: d e s c r i b i r e l b i e ne s t a r e s p i r i t u a l d e l o s a d u l t o s j ó v e ne s d e l m u n i c i p i o d e L i b e r t a d o r S a n M a r t í n , P r o vi n c i a d e E nt re Rí o s ( A r g e nt i n a ) . M ét o d o : s e u t i l i z ó l a e s c a l a d e b i e ne s t a r e s p i r i t u a l J A R E L , co m p u e s t a p o r 2 1 p reg u nta s e i nt eg r a d a p o r t res f a c t o res : F e y c re e n c i a s re l igi o s a s , V id a y a u t o r res p o n s a b i l id a d , y S a t i s f a cc i ón co n l a v i d a . S e e n c u e s t a r o n a 250 personas entre 20 y 40 años. Resultados: la mayoría de la población encuestada pertenecía al sexo femenino (62 %), era menor de 30 años (65 %) y soltera (57 %) con estudios universitarios en curso (50 %). Se encontró que la creencia en un ser superior hacía p a r t e d e l a e s p i r i t u a l i d a d e n un 8 7 , 6 % d e l o s e n c u e s t a d o s ; a s u v ez , e l 9 6 , 4 % refirió tener algún grado d e s a t i s f a cc i ón co n s u v i d a y e l 9 5 , 2 % , e l a c e p t a r f á c i lm e n t e l a s s i t u a c i o ne s pr o bl e má t i c a s . C o n c l u s ió n : las características principales del bienestar espiritual de los adultos jóvenes son la creencia en un p o d e r s u p e r i o r y l a c a p a c i d a d d e r e c i b i r y d a r a m o r , s i e n d o l a s e s f e r a s d e l o s f a c t o r e s co n m e j o r e v a l u a c i ón . E l f a c t o r m e j o r p e r c i b i d o f u e S a t i s f a cc i ó n co n l a v i d a , y s e i d e n t i f i c a r o n m a y o r e s n i v e l e s d e b i e ne s t a r e s p i r i t u a l e n l o s p a r t i c i p a n t e s d e má s d e 3 0 a ñ o s , e x t r a n j e r o s , co n h i j o s , q u i e ne s co n v i v í a n co n a m ig o s y f a m i l i a r e s , y o s t e n t a b a n e s t u d i o s un i v e r s i t a r i o s . E s e v i d e n t e q u e l a e s p i r i t u a l i d a d e s una característica esencial del cuidado de enfermería y se sugiere realizar estudios que indaguen y establezcan la existencia o no del nivel de bienestar espiritual con las conductas de autocuidado y los p a t r o ne s d e a f r o n t a m i e n t o d e l o s pr o bl e m a s e n l a p o bl a c i ón a d u l t a .

to desc ri be the spiritual well - being of young adults in the muni ci pality of Li bertador San M a r t í n , P r o v i n c e o f E nt r e R í o s ( A r g e n t i n a ) . M e t h o d : t h e J A R E L S p i r i t u a l W e l l b e i n g S c a l e w a s u s e d , w h i c h i s c o m p o s e d o f t w e n t y - o n e i t e m s a n d t h r e e f a c t o r s : F a i t h a n d r e l i g i o u s b e l i e f s , L i f e a n d s e l f - r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d S a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h l i f e . 2 5 0 p e o p l e b e t w e e n t w e n t y a n d f o r t y - y e a r s o l d w e r e s u r v e y e d . R e s u l t s : t h e p o p u l a t i o n s u r v e y e d w e r e m o s t l y w o m e n ( 6 2 % ) , u n d e r 3 0 ( 6 5 % ) , s i n g l e ( 5 7 % ) a n d w i t h u n i v e r s i t y s t u d i e s i n p r o g r e s s ( 5 0 % ) . I t w a s f o u n d t h a t t h e b e l i e f i n a s u p e r i o r b e i n g w a s p a r t o f t h e s p i r i t u a l i t y o f 8 7 . 6 % o f p e o p l e s u r v e y e d ; i n t u r n , 9 6 . 4 % r e p o r t e d h a v i n g s o m e d e g r e e o f s a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h t h e i r l i v e s a n d 9 5 . 2 % r e p o r t e d e a s i l y a c c e p t i n g p r o b l e m a t i c s i t u a t i o n s i n t h e i r l i v e s . C o n c l u s i o n : T h e m a i n c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s o f the spiritual well - being of young adults are belief in a higher power and the capacity to receive and g i v e l o v e , b e i n g t h e s p h e r e s o f t h e f a c t o r s w i t h t h e b e s t e v a l u a t i o n . T h e b e s t p e r c e i v e d f a c t o r w a s S a t i s f a c t i o n w i t h l i f e , a n d h ig h e r l e v e l s o f s p i r i t u a l w e l l - b e i n g w e r e i d e n t i f i e d i n t h o s e o v e r 3 0 y e a r s o l d , f o r e i g n e r s , w i t h c h i l d r e n , w h o l i v e w i t h f r i e n d s a n d f a m i l y , a n d i n t h o s e w h o h o l d u n i v e r s i t y s t u d i e s . I t is evident that spirituality is an essential c harac teris tic of nurs ing care and it is suggested to conduc t studies in the adult popul ati on that investigate and establish the level of spiritual well - being with self - c a r e b e h a v i o r s , a n d p a t t e r n s o f c o p i n g w i t h p r o b l e m s

O b j e t i v o: d e s c r e v e r o b e m - e s t a r e s p i r i t u a l d e j o v e n s a d u l t o s n o m un i c í p i o d e L i b e r t a d o r S a n M a r t í n , n a P r o ví n c i a d e E nt re Rí o s , n a A r g e nt i n a . M ét o d o : t r a ta - s e d e u m es t u d o d e a n ál i s e q u a nt i ta t i v a t r a n s v e r s a l . F o i u t i l i z a d a a E s c a l a d e " b e m - e s t a r e s p i r i t u a l J A R E L " , co m p o s t a d e 2 1 p e r g un t a s a b r a n g e n d o t r ê s f a t o r e s : a f é e c r e n ç a s r e l igi o s a s , v i d a e a u t o r e s p o n s a b i l i d a d e , e s a t i s f a ç ã o co m a v i d a . A e s c a l a foi aplicada em 250 pessoas com idades entre 20 e 40 anos. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes e r a m d o g ê ne r o f e m i n i n o ( 6 2 % ) , m e n o r e s d e 3 0 a n o s ( 6 5 % ) , s o l t e i r o s ( 5 7 % ) e co m e s t u d o s un i v e r s i t á r i o s e m a n d a m e n t o ( 5 0 % ) . V e r i f i co u - s e q u e a c r e n ç a e m u m s e r s u p e r i o r f a z i a p a r t e d a e s p i r i t u a l i d a d e e m 8 7 , 6 % d o s p a r t i c i p a n t e s ; p o r s u a v ez , 9 6 , 4 % d e l e s r e l a t a r a m t e r a l g u m g r a u d e s a t i s f a ç ã o co m a v i d a e 9 5 , 2 % , a c e i t a m f a c i lm e n t e a s s i t u a ç õ e s d i f í c e i s . C o n c l u s ã o: a s pr i n c i p a i s c a r a c t e r í s t i c a s d o b e m - e s t a r espiritual dos participantes são a crença em um poder superior e na capacidade de receber e dar a m o r , s e n d o e s t e s o s a s p e c t o s co m m e l h o r a v a l i a ç ã o . O m e l h o r f a t o r p e r c e b i d o f o i a s a t i s f a ç ã o co m v i d a . O s n í v e i s m a i s a l t o s d e b e m - e s t a r e s p i r i t u a l f o r a m i d e n t i f i c a d o s n o s p a r t i c i p a n t e s co m m a i s d e 3 0 a n o s d e i d a d e , e s t r a n g e i r o s , co m f i l h o s , p a r t i c i p a n t e s q u e m o r a v a m co m a m ig o s e f a m i l i a r e s e co m e s t u d o s un i v e r s i t á r i o s . D e s v e l a - s e n o e s t u d o q u e a e s p i r i t u a l i d a d e é u m a c a r a c t e r í s t i c a e ss e n c i a l d o c u i d a d o d e e n f e r m a g e m . S u g e r e - s e a r e a l i z a ç ã o d e o u t r o s e s t u d o s q u e a b r a n j a m a e x i s t ê n c i a o u n ã o d o n í v e l d e b e m - e s t a r e s p i r i t u a l , s u a r e l a ç ã o co m o s co m p o r t a m e n t o s d e a u t oc u i d a d o e o s p a d r õ e s d e e n f r e n t a m e n t o d e pr o bl e m a s n a p o p u l a ç ã o a d u l t a

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) in Broilers

Fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in poultry is a metabolic disease. An outbreak of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was detected by post mortem examination of broilers in a commercial farm. There was severe loss of production and sudden deaths with moderate mortality. Post mortem of the dead birds were performed and histopathological examination was done as per standard procedure. At necropsy, dead birds had pale combs and wattles with significant liver lesions. The liver was enlarged, friable and greasy, yellowish brown with firm fatty layer deposits and haematoma was noticed in abdominal cavity. Fat vacuoles were seen in liver sections which was also confirmed by special stain. Multiple factors like high dietary energy and stress of production may have precipitated the FLHS in broilers

A Retrospective Study of Histopathology and Clinical Correlation of Spinal Meningioma at Thoothukudi Medical College, India

The study was conducted to understand the clinical algorithm of spinal meningioma. Correlation was done by clinical presentation with radiological features and histopathology .The stress upon to understand the necessity for a team-approach between Clinician, Radiologist and Pathologist and vice versa is emphasised. Aim: To correlate histopathology of spinal meningioma with the Clinical features. Methods: This is a retrospective study of spinal tumours, diagnosed by histopathology as various types of meningioma. All the relevant clinical data of the patients were searched from the ward records. The various Radiological features were collected. Results: The total number of spinal tumours studied during the 8 years period was 86 cases among which 25 cases were diagnosed by histopathology as various types of meningioma conclusively. Spectroscopy provides molecular information with regard to meningiomas and potentially aid in biopsy planning. Surgical resections were done as follows: 20 cases resected as Simpson Grade 1, 5 cases resected as Simpson Grade 2. Venous thromboembolism was seen in 1 patient. Four cases underwent follow up Adjuvant External Beam Radiotherapy. Conclusion: The Simpson grading of resection of meningioma correlated the degree of surgical resection completeness with symptomatic recurrence. Four cases underwent follow up Adjuvant External Beam Radiotherapy with good results .Spinal meningioma needs correlation between Radiologist, Pathologist and Clinician.

A Retrospective Study of Histopathology and Clinical Correlation of Primary Benign Bone tumours at Thoothukudi Medical College, India

The study was conducted to understand the clinical algorithm of benign bone tumours. Correlation was done by clinical presentation with radiological features and histopathology features. The osteogenic tumours are considered as one group because their common characteristic feature is the production of an osteoid or bone matrix by the tumour cells. The cartilaginous tumours have the characteristic feature of production of cartilage matrix. AIM: We have reported 62 cases of bone tumours during the study period of 5 years in the Department of Pathology, Thoothukudi Medical College, India. The cases were thoroughly studied by histopathology and 28 cases were diagnosed as benign tumours among which 8 cases were benign osteoid producing and 20 cases were diagnosed as benign cartilage producing tumours conclusively. The Histopathology diagnosis was correlated with the Radiological features. Methods: We have reported 62 cases of bone tumours during the study period of 5 years in the Department of Pathology, among which 28 cases were diagnosed as benign bone tumours. A total of 8 cases were osteoid producing and 20 cases were cartilage producing tumours conclusively. All the relevant clinical data of the patients were searched from the ward records. The data was stored in the Department computer server was very much useful in the study. The initial step in the assessment of patients with bone tumours is a good medical history, including age, gender, type and duration of symptoms, localization of the mass, and presence of a history of trauma. CT scan was useful in osteoid lesions. MRI Scan played a crucial role in cartilage producing tumours. Tests to assess general health included a complete blood count , differential count , tests for serum electrolytes including calcium, magnesium, phosphate, liver function studies, blood group typing, a coagulation profile, tests for hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection were taken and recorded. Results: The total number of benign bone tumours reported during the 5 years period was 28 cases,. In benign bone tumours osteochondroma was the most common neoplasm. CT scan established the best choice in studying cortical lesions and nidus in osteoid osteoma. CT can identify the calcification of cartilage. In cases of cartilage producing tumours, the T2 weighted MRI with high signal intensity with a lobulated outline made a useful role. MRI can delineate the medullary extent. Multinucleated giant cells were seen in sections of chondroblastoma. Histopathology provided the final conclusive diagnosis. Conclusion: Benign bone tumours frequently pose a diagnostic challenge for general surgical pathologists. Accurate pathologic diagnosis requires careful clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation. The most common benign bone tumour occurring in children is osteochondromas, representing 10 to 15% of all bone tumours and 20 to 50% of all benign bone tumours.

A Research on the Anti-tumor Effects of Acid-Soluble Polysaccharides from Gloeostereum incamatum in H22 Tumor Bearing Mice / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study aimed at exploring the inhibitory effect behind its mechanism on acid-soluble polysaccharides from G.incamatum in transplanted H22 tumor mice.Different indices,including tumor inhibitory rate,organ index of liver,thymus and spleen,IL-2,IFN-γ and TNF-α were detected for the evaluation of anti-tumor effects and the mechanism.Furthermore,HE staining and TUNEL assay were adopted to investigate the pathological changes of tumor tissue and cell apoptosis,respectively.As a result,the three dose groups of acidsoluble polysaccharides of G.incamatum successfully inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells,while organ indexes of spleen and thymus were improved and serum IL-2,IFN-γ and TNF-α increased.H&E staining and TUNEL assay showed the polysaccharides induced cell apoptosis,playing a significant role in the inhibition of tumor growth.In conclusion,acid-soluble polysaccharides of G.incamatum possessed significant anti-tumor effects,behind which the mechanism could be related to the regulation of immune regulation,cell apoptosis,and the protection of liver function.

Microscopic characterization of esophageal regions of a group of Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) free in Brazil / Caracterização microscópica das regiões esofágicas de um grupo de Capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) livres no Brasil / Caracterización microscópica de las regiones esofágicas de un grupo de capibaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) libres en el Brasil

Morphological studies on wildlife animals have increased in an attempt to explore and understand minutely their adaptive evolution and how it relates to or differentiate from domestic animals. The aim of this study was to describe microscopically esophageal regions (cranial, middle and caudal) of a group of male and female capybaras, using histological techniques. Samples were harvested, fixed, processed and analyzed. All three esophageal regions were covered by keratinized stratified epithelium, thicker in folds apex and towards the caudal region, proximal to the stomach. In this layer, stratum granulosum was well developed. The submucosa, constituted of loose connective tissue, showed no glands. The muscular layer, externally lined by serous and/or adventitial layer, presented two orientations (circular and longitudinal) in the three regions, and it showed striated skeletal muscle fibers with developed nerve plexus

Os estudos morfológicos em animais de fauna silvestre têm aumentado na tentativa de explorar e conhecer em detalhes suas adaptações, e como estas se relacionam ou diferenciam com as dos animais domésticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever microscopicamente as regiões esofágicas (cranial, média e caudal) de um grupo de capivaras de ambos os sexos, por meio de técnicas histológicas de coloração. As amostras foram previamente obtidas, fixadas, processadas e analisadas. Observou-se que as três regiões esofágicas estavam revestidas por epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado, sendo mais espesso, em geral, no ápice das pregas e sua espessura aumenta em direção à regi ão caudal, próximo ao estômago. Nesta camada, o estrato granuloso está bem desenvolvido. A submucosa de tecido conjuntivo frouxo é aglandular. A camada muscular revestida pela serosa e/ou adventícia externamente, apresentou duas orientações (circular e longitudinal) nas três regiões, e é constituída por fibras musculares estriadas esqueléticas com plexos nervosos desenvolvidos.

Los estudios morfológicos en animales de fauna silvestre han aumentado en la tentativa de explorar y conocer en detalle sus adaptaciones, y como estas se relacionan o diferencian con las de los animales domésticos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir microscópicamente las regiones esofágicas (craneal, media y caudal) de un grupo de capibaras de ambos sexos por medio de técnicas histológicas de coloración. Las muestras fueron previamente obtenidas, fijadas, procesadas y analizadas. Se observó que las tres regiones esofágicas estaban revestidas de epitelio estratificado plano queratinizado, siendo más espeso, en general, en el ápice de los pliegues y su espesura aumenta en dirección a la región caudal, próxima al estómago. En esta camada, el estrato granuloso está bien desarrollado. La submucosa es de tejido conectivo laxo, es aglandular. La camada muscular revestida por la serosa y/o adventicia externamente, presentó dos orientaciones (circular y longitudinal) en las tres regiones, y es constituida de fibras musculares estriadas esqueléticas con plexos nerviosos desarrollados.

The essential oil of Artemisia capillaris protects against CCl4-induced liver injury in vivo

Abstract To study the hepatoprotective effect of the essential oil of Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Asteraceae, on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice, the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, hepatic levels of reduced glutathione, activity of glutathione peroxidase, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were assayed. Administration of the essential oil of A. capillaris at 100 and 50 mg/kg to mice prior to CCl4 injection was shown to confer stronger in vivo protective effects and could observably antagonize the CCl4-induced increase in the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and malondialdehyde levels as well as prevent CCl4-induced decrease in the antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity (p < 0.01). The oil mainly contained β-citronellol, 1,8-cineole, camphor, linalool, α-pinene, β-pinene, thymol and myrcene. This finding demonstrates that the essential oil of A. capillaris can protect hepatic function against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice.

Detection of Entamoeba histolytica in experimentally induced amoebic liver abscess: comparison of three staining methods

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy of three different tissue stains, namely haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for detection of Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) trophozoites in abscessed liver tissues of hamster.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Amoebic liver abscess was experimentally induced in a hamster by injecting 1 × 10(6) of axenically cultured virulent E. histolytica trophozoites (HM1-IMSS strain) into the portal vein. After a week post-inoculation, the hamster was sacrificed and the liver tissue sections were stained with H&E, PAS and IHC stains to detect the amoebic trophozoite.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The three stains revealed tissue necrosis and amoebic trophozoites, but with varying clarity. H&E and PAS stained the trophozoites pink and magenta, respectively, however it was difficult to differentiate the stained trophozoites from the macrophages because of their similarity in size and morphology. On the other hand, IHC stain revealed distinct brown appearance of the trophozoites in the infected liver tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It can be concluded that out of the three stains, IHC is the best for identification of E. histolytica trophozoites in tissue sections.</p>

Detection of Entamoeba histolytica in experimentally induced amoebic liver abscess：comparison of three staining methods

Objective: To compare the efficacy of three different tissue stains, namely haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for detection of Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) trophozoites in abscessed liver tissues of hamster.Methods:Amoebic liver abscess was experimentally induced in a hamster by injecting 1 × 106 of axenically cultured virulent E. histolytica trophozoites (HM1-IMSS strain) into the portal vein. After a week post-inoculation, the hamster was sacrificed and the liver tissue sections were stained with H&E, PAS and IHC stains to detect the amoebic trophozoite. Results: The three stains revealed tissue necrosis and amoebic trophozoites, but with varying clarity. H&E and PAS stained the trophozoites pink and magenta, respectively, however it was difficult to differentiate the stained trophozoites from the macrophages because of their similarity in size and morphology. On the other hand, IHC stain revealed distinct brown appearance of the trophozoites in the infected liver tissues. Conclusions: It can be concluded that out of the three stains, IHC is the best for identification of E. histolytica trophozoites in tissue sections.

El sorprendente legado que nos dejó el sabio Moisés Bertoni: el Ka’a He’ê / The amazing legacy left by the wise man Moises Bertoni: the Ka'a He'e

El esfuerzo del científico Moisés Santiago Bertoni por sistematizar parte de la riqueza que tiene el Paraguay, se refleja en la Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, (Ka'a He'ê), una planta que hace parte de la identidad como nación, pero que al mismo tiempo, luego de un siglo, sigue siendo promisoria como elemento fundamental para la implementación de un modelo de desarrollo sostenible en áreas rurales.

The effort of the scientific Moisés Santiago Bertoni to systematize part of the richness of Paraguay is reflected in the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, (Ka'a He'ê). This plant makes part of the identity of the nation but at the same time, after a century, is still promising as an essential element for the implementation of a sustainable development model in rural areas.

Intervalos de ittegración unificados para la caacterización estructural de pettróleos, carbones o sus fracciones por rmn ¹h y rmn 13c / Unified inegratiion intervls for the structural characterization of oil, coal or fractions there of by 1h nmr and 13c nmr / Intervalos de integração unificados para a caracterização estrutural de petróleos, carvões ou suas frações por rmn ¹h e rmn 13c

Con base en la revisión de publicaciones, hechas entre 1972 y 2006, se evidenció que hay imprecisiones en los límites de los intervalos de integración que los autores asignan a las señales en resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) para hacer la caracterización estructural de petróleos, carbones o sus fracciones derivadas, a partir de sus espectros de hidrógeno (RMN ¹H) o de carbono (RMN 13C). En consecuencia, se determinaron límites unificados para la integración de los espectros RMN ¹H y RMN 13C de tales muestras mediante un tratamiento estadístico aplicado a los límites de los intervalos de integración ya publicados. Con esos límites unificados se elaboraron cartas de correlación en RMN útiles para la asignación de la integral en esos intervalos, y aun en otros de menor extensión definidos en función de la intersección entre asignaciones diferentes. Además se plantearon ecuaciones necesarias para establecer la integral atribuible a fragmentos más específicos en un intento por hacer una caracterización estructural más exacta a partir de los espectros RMN de petróleos, carbones o sus fracciones deriva.

Based on an analysis of publications reported between 1972 and 2006, it became clear that there are inaccuracies in the limits of the ranges of integration that the authors assigned to signals in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to the structural characterization of petroleum, coals and their derived fractions, from their hydrogen (¹H NMR) and carbon (13C NMR) spectra. Consequently, consolidated limits were determined for the integration of ¹H NMR spectra and 13C NMR of these samples using a statistical treatment applied to the limits of integration intervals already published. With these unified limits, correlation NMR charts were developed that are useful for the allocation of the integral at such intervals, and at smaller intervals defined in terms of the intersection between different assignments. Also raised equations needed to establish the integral attributable to specific fragments in an attempt to make a more accurate structural characterization from NMR spectra of oil, coal or fractions derived.

Com base na revisão de publicações, feitas entre 1972 e 2006, evidenciou-se que existem imprecisões nos limites dos intervalos de integração que os autores tem atribuído aos sinais de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) para a caracterização estrutural do petróleo, carvão ou suas frações derivadas, com base em seus espectros de hidrogênio (RMN ¹H) e carbono (RMN 13C). Conseqüentemente, determinaram-se os limites consolidados para a integração dos espectros de RMN ¹H e RMN 13C deste tipo de amostras usando um tratamento estatístico aplicado aos limites de intervalos de integração já publicados. Com estes limites unificados foram desenvolvidos gráficos de correlação em RMN úteis para a atribuição da integral nestes intervalos e em outros menores, definidos em termos de intersecção entre atribuições diferentes. Além do mais, levantaram-se equações necessárias para estabelecer a integral atribuível a fragmentos específicos, numa tentativa de fazer uma caracterização estrutural mais exata a partir de espectros RMN de petróleo, carvão ou frações derivadas.

A Case of Fibrous Histiocytoma in Orbit

Fibrous histiocytoma is a slow-growing mesenchymal tumor that most commonly occurs in soft tissue and retroperitoneum, with an occasional occurrence in the orbit. This mesenchymal tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of orbital mass in adults because this tumor is radioresistant and prone to recurrences and malignant potential if incompletely excised. So complete excision is the treatment of choice. A case report of a healthy 27-year-old woman with a gradually increasing, non tender superonasal mass and proptosis in the left orbit. She also developed diplopia. CT scan and MRI showed a well-marginated and encapsulated homo-geneous 2 x3 cmsized mass in the superonasal portion of the left orbit. The tumor was totally excised under the impression of carvenous hemangioma. In H-E stain, tumor cell revealed a marked cellularity, storiform arrangement of ovoid to spindle cells but there was little nuclear polymorphism, atypism and absent mitosis. Results of immunohistochemical study showed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to alpha-1-ntitrypsin antibody but negative to S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, Neuron specific enolase. Masson-Trichrome stain showed positive. The final diagnosis of a benign fibrous histiocytoma invading the orbit was confirmed by histopathological examination. There was no recurrence for more than 14 months after complete surgical excision. We present the above case with a brief review of literature.

A Case of Fibrous Histiocytoma in Cornea and Corneosclerallimbus

Fibrous histiocytoma are complex group of tumors that feature cells resembling fibroblasts and histiocytes.In a case of fibrous histiocytoma involving the cornea and corneolimbus, we evaluated the finding of H-E, Masson-trichrome, reticulin, CD68, alpha-1-antitrypsin antibody and smooth muscle actin antibody stain after the localized excision in 26 years old male patient. In H-E stain, tumor cell included many multinucleated giant cells having abundant eosinophilic and foamy cytoplasm infiltreated by numerous lymphocyte, CD68 & alpha-1-antit-rypsin antibody staining resulted in diffuusely positive finding. Therefore examination. Good result was noted after complete excision at 6 month follow-up.