Revisión bibliográfica de Fasciolosis biliar: propósito de un caso / Bibliographic review of biliary fasciolosis: purpose of a case

The biliary pathology, is undoubtedly one of the most frequent surgical pathologies in Chile, statistical data establish the incidence of biliary pathology in over 20 years 30% of women have biliary lithiasis, of these 10% will present some complication as it is coledocolithiasis. On the other hand, hepatic fascioliasis or dystomatosis is a disease caused by hepatic fasciola, or duela, sabuaypé or Distomun hepaticum, corresponds to a flatworm, trematode of the digenea class, with affinity to stay in liver tissue, which when performing the biological cycle of the parasite can be the cause of choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, among others. We present a clinical case of chronic intracholedocianfasciolitis diagnosed by ERCP3,4. METHODS: Descriptive observational study, in addition to a systematic review in databases such as Pub-Med/MEDLINE, Elsevier, Cochrane and manually through the Internet in journals and public bodies. This work seeks to collect information from different authors regarding its incidence, management and established treatments. RESULTS: Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to analyze the characteristics of the selected articles. We present the clinical case of a 47-year-old female patient, with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and egg allergy who went to the Emergency Department due to a picture characterized by epigastralgia of 3 days of evolution. During endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP), 2 suggestive images of lyte are seen inside that finally result in 2 apparent live parasites.

The imaging features, clinical diagnosis value of fulminant hepatic fasciola gigantica disease / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging modality for the diagnosis of hepatic fasciola gigantica disease.Methods Thirty eight patients with abdominal pain were admitted in our hospital and underwent investigations with different imaging modalities.Thirty-eight cases underwent abdominal CT scan,among which 5 cases underwent follow-up with abdominal ultrasonography,10 patients with routine MRI scan and CT scan examination,and 2 cases with liver biopsy.Results Thirty-eight cases with CT scan showed the hepatomegaly,with decreased attenuation of the hepatic parenchyma,unclear boundaries.Thirteen cases showed decreased densities (suggesting hydroperitonium),including 10 cases with enhanced CT showed mild inhomogenous enhancement.Five cases with color doppler ultrasound showed inhomogenous hepatic echogenicity,and multiple liver parenchyma echogenecity showedirregular,cluttered cystic dark areas and spleenomegaly,among which two cases had evident hydroperitonium.Ten cases with MRI scan showed liver enlargement,abnormal diffuse signal of hepatic parenchymal lesions and splenomegaly.Two cases who underwent needle biopsy showed parasitic granulomas and necrosis,surrounded by a large number of monocytes andeosinophilic infiltration.Clinical manifestations:All cases were presented with fever,abdominal pain,liver tenderness,etc.Twenty-five cases presented with nausea,vomiting,loss of appetite,15 cases presented with ascites,5 cases presented with pericardial effusion,5 cases with lung parenchymal changes on CT,others showed generalised systemic edema and malena,very few patients had utricaria,itching and other symptoms.Conclusion CT and MRI scanning in patients suspected with human fasciola hepatica showed multiple small hepatic subcapsular abscess,of which some were clustered or tunnel-like.Combined with parasites,imaging manifestations are helpful for the early diagnosis.

Fascioliasis hepática / Hepatic fascioliasis

La fascioliasis hepática es una enfermedad parasitaria infecciosa producida por el trematodo Fasciola hepática. El humano es infectado accidentalmente al ingerir vegetales (principalmente berros) contaminados con las formas enquistadas del parásito (metacercarias). Clínicamente se reconoce una fase hepática (fase aguda) que comprende desde la liberación de la larva en el duodeno hasta su llegada a la vía biliar, y una fase biliar (fase crónica), en donde la Fasciola se localiza en la vía biliar, madura a su forma adulta y produce huevos. El diagnóstico requiere un alto índice de sospecha dado el polimorfismo en la presentación y muchas veces el desconocimiento de antecedentes epidemiológicos. Las manifestaciones clínicas dependen del período en el cual se encuentra la enfermedad, sin embargo, lo más habitual es la presencia de dolor abdominal y eosinofilia. El diagnóstico definitivo requiere la demostración del parásito a través de métodos directos (visualización por medio de colangiografía retrógrada endoscópica o búsqueda de huevos en deposiciones o bilis) o a través de la demostración por métodos serológicos. El tratamiento actualmente disponible con triclabendazol es altamente efectivo.

The hepatic fascioliasis is a parasitic disease caused by infectious trematode fasciola hepática. Man is infected accidentally by ingesting vegetables (mainly watercress) contaminated with the parasite encysted forms (metacercariae). Clinically a hepatic phase (acute phase) is recognized, ranging from the release of the larvae in the duodenum to their arrival to the bile duct and a bile phase (chronic phase), where fasciola is located in the bile duct, and the parasite matures to the adult form and produces eggs. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion given the polymorphism in the presentation and the frequent lack of epidemiological history. The clinical manifestations depend on the current period of the disease is, however, the most common is the presence of abdominal pain and eosinophilia. Definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of the parasite through direct methods (visualization by ERCP or search for eggs in stool or bile), or through the demonstration by serological methods. The currently available treatment is highly effective with triclabendazole.

Fasciolasis hepática: enfermedad con múltiples presentaciones / Hepatic fascioliasis: a disease with multiple presentations

Human Fascioliasis is a zoonosis produced by the liver fluke fasciola. Its diagnosisrequires a high index of suspicion because of the polymorphism in its presentation. However, treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective. We report three cases that, in spite off presenting with diverse clinical severity, all had good response to treatment. Patient 1 presented with nonspecific recurrent abdominal pain with a normal CT scan of abdomen. Patient 2 presented with an abdominal CT scan showing multiple hepatic nodules. Patient 3 with an asymptomatic liver tumor requiring a comprehensive and expensive evaluation. All had eosinophilia and all responded to triclabendazole therapy without adverse effects.

La fasciolasis humana es una zoonosis producida por el trematodo fasciola hepática. Su diagnóstico requiere un alto índice de sospecha dado el polimorfismo en su presentación. Pese a esto, el tratamiento con triclabendazol es muy efectivo. Se reportan tres casos clínicos que, pese a presentar muy distinta clínica y gravedad, todos tuvieron buena respuesta al tratamiento con Triclabendazol. El paciente 1 se presentó con dolor abdominal inespecífico y recurrente, sin compromiso del estado general con tomografía de abdomen normal. La paciente 2 presentó dolor abdominal intenso, baja de peso y gran compromiso del estado general que requirió hospitalización, con tomografía de abdomen que mostró lesiones nodulares hepáticas. La paciente 3 se presentó como hallazgo de tumor hepático asintomático que requirió amplio estudio y grandes costos. Todos presentaron eosinofilia y todos respondieron a terapia con triclabendazol sin efectos adversos.