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ABSTRACT Introduction: Problematic Internet use has become a growing problem worldwide; several factors, including personality, play an essential role in understanding this disorder. The Big Five personality traits and their association with problematic Internet use were examined in a large and diverse population. Methods: A survey was applied to a total of 1,109 adults of working age. Each answered the Big Five Inventory and the Internet Addiction Test. Results: Problematic Internet use was found in 10.6% of them (n = 112). The personality traits extraversion and openness to experience were significantly associated with those with the disorder. With adjustment models, a positive association was found between these traits and being single and higher education. Conclusions: This study represents the largest of its kind in the Spanish-speaking population, highlighting the importance of recognizing the factors involved in problematic Internet use.
RESUMEN Introducción: El uso problemático de internet es un problema creciente en todo el mundo; múltiples factores, como la personalidad, tienen un papel esencial en la comprensión de esta entidad. Los 5 grandes factores de personalidad y su asociación con el uso problemático de internet se evaluaron en una población grande y diversa. Métodos: Se aplicó una encuesta a un total de 1.109 adultos en edad productiva. Cada uno contestó el Inventario Big Five y el Internet Addiction Test. Resultados: Se encontró uso problemático de internet en el 10,6% de ellos (n = 112). En cuanto a rasgos de personalidad, la extroversión y la apertura a experiencias se asociaron significativamente con el uso problemático. Con modelos de ajuste, estos rasgos tuvieron una asociación positiva con no tener pareja y una educación superior. Conclusiones: Este estudio representa el más amplio de su tipo en población hispanohablante y destaca la importancia de reconocer los factores que intervienen en el uso problemático de internet.
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Abstract Objective: To assess the relationship between internet addiction, quality of life, and sleep problems among adolescents. Method: This research was conducted with a representative sample of 875 adolescents. This cross-sectional study used the Internet Addiction Test, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ version 4.0, Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, and sleep duration. Sociodemographic factors were also analyzed. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate relationships between variables. Results: After adjusting the model for covariances between the latent variables of daytime sleepiness and correlations between the physical and emotional domains of quality of life, the authors obtained satisfactory fit indices (RMSEA = 0.031, CFI = 0.926, TLI = 0.909, SRMR = 0.058). Internet addiction was positively associated with daytime sleepiness (rho = 0.549, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with quality of life (rho = -0.173, p < 0.001). By contrast, sleep duration was negatively associated with daytime sleepiness (rho = -0.089, p = 0.007), positively associated with quality of life (rho = 0.105, p = 0.014), and dependent on school shift (rho = 0.453, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Adolescents with higher levels of internet addiction had lower perceptions of quality of life and higher daytime sleepiness. Moreover, sleep duration had a positive correlation with quality of life. Given its detrimental effects on quality of life and daytime sleepiness, parents should better supervise internet use in adolescents.
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Background: Internet use has evolved into an inseparable routine of human life, and it has revolutionized the world with its infinite possibilities. This study aims to assess the prevalence and pattern, associated factors and its consequences/side effects of Internet addiction among medical students in Patna, Bihar. Methods: This is a cross sectional study done among 400 students in tertiary care centre of Bihar. The 20-item Young Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to measure internet addiction. Results: Out of 400 participants, 38.3% were mild, 25% moderate and 3.5% were severely addicted to internet. Feeling bored was the triggering factor for increased use, apart from using this for academics, entertainment, and social media. Conclusions: Internet use can have an addictive potential and can become a behavioural disorder, if used for long which can ultimately interfere in our daily activities. Thus, assessing the problem at regular interval will give an insight to planning in future.
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Objective Impulsivity has been robustly linked to various addictions, including behavioral addictions. This systematic review aimed to investigate possible relationships between impulsivity and gaming disorder. Method A total of 1,710 empirical studies, without date or language restrictions, were retrieved from Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, PsycNET, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. In total, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for extraction, quantitative analysis, and integrative synthesis. Results Overall, a positive association was observed between gaming disorder and both self-reported measures of impulsivity and behavioral measures of impulsivity. Gaming disorder was associated with the presence of high-risk trends, high sensitivity to rewards, reduced inhibitory control, and low self-control among video game players. Conclusion The present systematic review provides preliminary support for the robust association between impulsivity and gaming disorder. However, given the methodological heterogeneity in assessment instruments and statistical procedures, the identified association should be interpreted cautiously.
Objetivo A impulsividade tem estado fortemente ligada a vários tipos de dependência, incluindo as dependências comportamentais. Esta revisão sistemática visou investigar possíveis relações entre a impulsividade e o transtorno por jogos eletrônicos. Método Um total de 1.710 estudos empíricos, sem restrições de data ou linguagem, foram recuperados das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, PsycNET, Scopus, e Web of Science. No total, 16 estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram incluídos para extração, análise quantitativa, e síntese integrativa. Resultados Observou-se uma associação positiva entre o transtorno por jogos eletrônicos e as medidas de impulsividade e de comportamento de impulsividade autorrelatadas. O transtorno por jogos eletrônicos foi associado à presença de tendências de alto risco, alta sensibilidade às recompensas, controle inibitório reduzido, e baixo autocontrole entre os jogadores. Conclusão A presente revisão fornece apoio preliminar para uma associação robusta entre a impulsividade e o transtorno por jogos eletrônicos. Contudo, dada a heterogeneidade metodológica nos instrumentos de avaliação e procedimentos estatísticos, esta associação deve ser interpretada com cautela.
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Juegos de Video , Revisión Sistemática , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , Conducta ImpulsivaRESUMEN
Abstract Background The internet is widespread in modern society and has raised concerns about excessive usage and its consequences for different aging groups. Objective This study explores the relationships between internet addiction, sleep patterns, and psychological distress in adolescents and young adults. Materials and methods In order to assess this phenomenon, an exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Brazil from October to December 2023. A questionnaire, administered via Google Forms, collected data from 618 participants aged 15-36. The participants consisted of a non-probabilistic community sample selected based on convenience criteria. Instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Test, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and Social Media Engagement Questionnaire. Results It was categorized 48.1% as having moderate internet addiction, and classified 0.8% as having severe internet addiction. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between internet addiction and depression, anxiety, and stress. Logistic regression identified internet addiction and overall psychological distress as predictors of sleep difficulties, along with unemployment status. The findings highlight the detrimental impact of excessive internet use on sleep quality and mental health. The bidirectional relationship between internet addiction and psychological distress underscores the complex interplay between these variables. Conclusions This study underscores the urgent need for interventions targeting internet addiction and its associated consequences in adolescents and young adults. Addressing internet addiction levels and promoting healthy internet usage habits are crucial steps in mitigating the adverse effects on mental health and sleep quality. There is a need for targeted interventions, protocols, and preventive measures to mitigate the adverse effects of excessive internet use on mental health and sleep quality. Public health strategies should include IA and its consequences in health programs with multidisciplinary approaches and protocols for treatments for behavioral addictions. The study emphasizes the multifaceted nature of internet addiction and its implications for mental health and sleep patterns.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of watching mukbang on eating behavior and to emphasize its importance. METHODS: Students from various faculties at universities constitute the sample for this study. A total of 483 individuals participated in the study: 358 (74.1%) women and 125 (25.9%) men. The age range of the sample group varies between 18 and 50 years (Mage=21.62; SD=3.85). In our study, the Emotional Eating Disorder Scale, the Mukbang Addiction Scale, and the Problematic Internet Use Scale were used. Reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlational analysis of the data were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 24. RESULTS: There appears to be a positive relationship between emotional eating, mukbang addiction, and problematic internet use. A positive relationship was also found between emotional eating and mukbang addiction. It was found that mukbang addiction had a partial mediator role in the effect of problematic internet use on emotional eating. CONCLUSION: In the relationship between problematic internet use and emotional eating, mukbang addiction has played a mediating role. Therefore, when conducting a study between emotional eating and problematic internet use, it may be useful to examine the frequency of mukbang watching behavior in individuals. It can be crucial to include these people in educational programs to control problematic internet use or the habit of watching mukbang.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between Internet addiction, smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and academic success. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, high-school students were surveyed to evaluate sleep quality, Internet addiction, and smartphone addiction. Students were queried about their demographics, and grade averages from the previous term were taken as an indicator of academic success. RESULTS: A total of 1,959 students were enrolled in this study, with 1,034 (52.8%) girls and 925 (47.2%) boys, and the median age of the participants was 16 (13-21) years. Multivariate analyses found that poor sleep quality in students who did not have breakfast before going to school was 1.58 times higher than those who did (p<0.001). Students who stayed in a dormitory had 1.79 times more poor sleep quality than those who stayed with their family, and a one-unit increase in the total score of the Young's Internet Addiction Test short form resulted in a 1.08-fold increase (both, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that students' sleep quality was predicted to be lower if they stayed in a dormitory and skipped breakfast. In addition, Internet and smartphone addictions have a negative effect on sleep quality and academic performance.
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ntrodução: Os jogos eletrônicos são agora reconhecidos como um problema de saúde mental, especialmente entre a comunidade LGBTQIA+. Objetivo: explorar os efeitos do transtorno de jogo (gaming disorder) na população LGBTQIA+. Método: A revisão narrativa abordou hábitos de jogo e gaming disorder em minorias sexuais e de gênero, usando PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase e Web of Science. Das 1640 pesquisas, apenas 3 abordaram gaming disorder nessa população. Resultado: consumidores LGBTQ+ gastam mais em jogos digitais. Jogadores LGBTQIA+ consomem mais jogos de exploração de identidade, possivelmente relacionados ao estresse de minoria. Discussão: minorias sexuais têm maior risco de gaming disorder. Para indivíduos LGBTQIA+, os jogos podem servir como escape e plataforma de apoio, mas o uso problemático pode estar associado a desfechos psiquiátricos negativos. Conclusão: Os jogos online têm o potencial de serem ferramentas de apoio para minorias, no entanto, as evidências são limitadas. É necessária mais pesquisa para compreender melhor a relação entre o uso de jogos e a saúde mental da população LGBTQIA+.
ntroduction: Electronic games are now recognized as a mental health issue, especially within the LGBTQIA+ community. Objective: To explore the effects of gaming disorder in the LGBTQIA+ population. Method: The narrative review addressed gaming habits and gaming disorder in sexual and gender minorities, utilizing PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Science. Out of 1640 studies, only 3 focused on gaming disorder in this population. Result: LGBTQ+ consumers spend more on digital games. LGBTQIA+ players engage more in identity exploration games, possibly linked to minority stress. Discussion: Sexual minorities face a higher risk of gaming disorder. For LGBTQIA+ individuals, games can serve as an escape and support platform, but problematic use may be associated with negative psychiatric outcomes. Conclusion: Online games have the potential as support tools for minorities, but evidence is limited. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between game use and mental health in the LGBTQIA+ population.
Introducción: Los videojuegos electrónicos son reconocidos actualmente como un problema de salud mental, especialmente dentro de la comunidad LGBTQIA+. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del trastorno de juego (gaming disorder) en la población LGBTQIA+. Método: La revisión narrativa abordó los hábitos de juego y el gaming disorder en minorías sexuales y de género, utilizando PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase y Web of Science. De las 1640 investigaciones, solo 3 se centraron en el gaming disorder en esta población. Resultado: Los consumidores LGBTQ+ gastan más en juegos digitales. Los jugadores LGBTQIA+ consumen más juegos de exploración de identidad, posiblemente relacionados con el estrés de minoría. Discusión: Las minorías sexuales enfrentan un mayor riesgo de gaming disorder. Para los individuos LGBTQIA+, los juegos pueden servir como un escape y plataforma de apoyo, pero el uso problemático puede estar asociado con resultados psiquiátricos negativos. Conclusión: Los juegos en línea tienen el potencial como herramientas de apoyo para las minorías, pero la evidencia es limitada. Se requiere más investigación para comprender mejor la relación entre el uso de juegos y la salud mental en la población LGBTQIA+.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Daño del Paciente , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , Adicción a la TecnologíaRESUMEN
Introduction: Repeated use of social network is said to cause addiction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is disorder found in childhood. Studies have shown that such children continue to have the symptoms of ADHD as adults. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of social networking addiction and Internet addiction and their relationship with ADHD. Also, to assess the relationship between perceived stress and sociodemographic factors with social networking and internet addiction. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 undergraduate and postgraduate students of BMCRI after ethical clearance. Medical students who gave consent were included through stratified random sampling. Those who were taking treatment for psychiatric illness were excluded. Scales like the Young Internet addiction test (IAT); Bergen’s Facebook Reporting Scale, ADHD Self-Reporting Scale, and Wender Utah Brief Rating Scale for ADHD, and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) for perceived stress have been used. Results: The mean age was found to be 21.56 ± 3 years. 62.6% were males and 37.33% of were females. The prevalence of Internet addiction was found to be 23.3% (n = 35), with 2% (n = 3) were having severe addiction, 6.6% (n = 10) were having moderate Internet and 14.6% (n = 22) having mild internet addiction according to modified Young’s criteria (2011). The prevalence of social networking addiction as per the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) score was 4.66% and adult ADHD was 15%. There was a strong positive correlation (0.76) between Internet Addiction and Facebook addiction scores and between BFAS score and IAT score. A moderate positive correlation (0.46 and 0.47) between Internet addiction and Facebook addiction with perceived stress and ADHD and IAT score with PSS score and ASRS score, weak positive correlation with PSS score and ASRS score was observed. Conclusion: A significant proportion of medical students develop Internet addiction and minority develops social network addiction. Furthermore, perceived stress and ADHD scores are positively correlated with internet and social networking addiction.
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Background: Smartphone addiction among adolescents is an increasingly recognized problem worldwide. It affects the psychological well-being of an individual. Aim and objective: The current study aimed to assess smartphone addiction’s prevalence and its relation to depression among adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 school-going adolescents. Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short version (SAS-SV) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction and depression. Data were analyzed using Epi info software for windows (CDC, Atlanta). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of study participants was 14.4 years (SD=1.5 years). The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 23%, while depression was present among 45% of the study participants. Comparatively higher duration of smartphone use was significantly associated with smartphone addiction. Depression was significantly higher among smartphone addicts (77.2%) as compared to their counterparts (35.4%). Conclusion and Recommendation: The smartphone usage of adolescents, if not monitored, could lead to its addiction and thus increase the risk of depression among them. To prevent smartphone addiction, limiting children’s screen time is recommended. In this regard, parents can play a pivotal role by becoming responsible digital role models for their children.
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Background: College students appear more vulnerable in developing a dependence on the internet. Individuals with hikikomori are frequently reported to have social contact predominantly via the internet. Objectives: To find the prevalence of Internet addiction, gaming Addiction, Hikikomori Trait and Insomnia amongst medical undergraduates and to study their association with various determinants. Methodology: The present Cross-Sectional study was conducted among first to final-year medical students studying at various medical colleges in Indian City from February to May 2021. Data collection was done after obtaining the ethical permission of the Institute. A total of 400 students who gave consent were sent an electronic questionnaire. Results: The mean age of study participants was 20 ± 1.58 years. Internet addiction was present in 189(47.2%) participants, gaming addiction in 128 (32%) students and Hikikomori Trait was found in 98(24.5%) students. There was a statistically significant association between different grades of insomnia and internet, gaming addiction, and hikikomori trait (<?0.0001) in the present study. Conclusion: Internet addiction was present in almost half of the medical students while gaming addiction was seen in nearly one third of the students. Male gender and hostel stay had a statistically significant association with internet addiction, gaming addiction, insomnia and hikikomori trait.
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Introduction: The number of internet users in 2018 was 4.021 billion, increased 7 percent year-on-year. More than nine-tenths of Indian teens use Internet. Due to social distancing norms put forward due to COVID-19 dependency and availability of Internet usage has increased. Objective: To assess the extent of Internet addiction and determine its predictors among college students of Surat city. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from March-September 2021 among 400 first- and second-year students selected by systematic random sampling from four colleges selected purposively. Outcome variables were Young's Internet addiction Test and Duke Health Profile Score which were assessed in terms of mean score. Univariate analysis was done, followed by t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation to establish associations. Predictors were determined by Binary Logistic Regression. Results: Around one-tenth (12.8%) participants were seen with no Internet addiction, with majority being mild (44.8%) and moderately (36.5%) addicted. Severe addiction was seen in around one out of twenty participants (6.1%). Social networking (32%) and education (34.5%) were the major reasons for use of Internet. Higher pocket money (aOR=4.3), greater monthly internet expenditure (aOR=2.8), ownership of internet enabled mobile phone (aOR=3.9), lying down posture while accessing internet (aOR=4.8) and evening (aOR=2.2) or night time (aOR=8.7) of internet access were significant predictors for Internet addicts. Conclusion: In this study more than four fifth of the college students had Internet Addiction even at young age. Physical, Mental, Social and General health were significantly negatively correlated with internet addiction.
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INTRODUCTION: Nowadays a considerable population in the world uses the internet. Unfortunately, despite many interests and its specific advances in communication, the Internet is sentenced to have serious side effects. OBJECTIVE: To detect the percentage of internet addiction and its effect on academic performance among Medical and Paramedical students in some Iraqi universities. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 806 medical and paramedical students who were subjected to the online survey which includes demographic information associated with internet usage, and Young's Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) was applied to survey the grade of internet addiction. RESULTS: Results reveal a moderate level of addiction among students without significant variations between genders, high significant relationship (p<0.01) between students concerning their housing area, and strong significant variations (p<0.01) in the time of using the internet, besides strong significant differences (p<0.01) between internet addiction and academic performance. CONCLUSION: Medical and paramedical students practice the internet for diverse activities including learning despite their moderate grade of addiction there are no significant differences between genders. They employ it over 5 h/day, which affects negative tasks on their academic performance.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Estudiantes de Medicina , Rendimiento Académico , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , Uso de Internet , Paramedicina , Estudios Transversales , IrakRESUMEN
Background: There are various reasons for internet addiction. In the recent covid and post covid era people have taken up chatting as a pastime. Many spend time chatting with strangers for various reasons. This study was conducted to see the prevalence of internet addiction in south Indian chat rooms and the reasons leading to it Methods: After doing a pilot study, many chat room users were administered an online questionnaire. Of the 1763 people approached only 700 of them agreed to participate in this study Results: Of the seven hundred participants, two hundred and sixteen suffered from internet addiction. Of those with Internet addiction, 85% of the chat room users agreed that they drink alcohol when they chat,63.9% cited individual factors as a reason,62% of the chat room users said they visit chat rooms to game with their friends,31% stated cyber relation addiction as a cause,7.4% said lack of a steady job made them get online and chat and 2.3% of the chat users said they frequented chat sites for want of cyber sex Conclusions: People should understand that it’s a virtual world and not real. They should start stepping out and decrease spending time online. Chat rooms should be on a strict vigilance and steps should be taken to screen the chat room users.
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Background: With over 560 million internet users, India is the second largest online market ranked only behind China as of January, 2019. Rapid expansion and proliferation of the internet has provided better opportunities for communication, information, and social interaction. In addition, when this use becomes obsessive and at the expense of other aspects of a person’s life, the internet could be problematic which has led to the emergence of the concept of internet addiction. The present study was conducted with the objective to find out the status of internet addiction in school going adolescent students and its determinants. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was carried out in 160 school going adolescent students of Raipur city. Young’s Internet Addiction Scale consisting of 20-item was used in the study. Results: Out of 160 students, 94 (58.8%) were in the score range of 20-49 i.e., mild addiction and 33.8% (54) were in score range of 50-79 i.e., moderate addiction. Internet addiction was more common in boys as compared to girls and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Type of school was also significantly associated with internet addiction. Conclusions: As addiction of internet is seen in majority of students, there is an urgent need to use a comprehensive approach including periodical awareness of the students as well as parents regarding balancing the time between internets surfing, studies and outdoor physical activities.
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BackgroundAttitude towards suicide among adolescents is closely linked with their suicidal behavior. Previous studies on suicidal attitudes and related factors primarily focused on school samples， with limited research on relevant clinical samples of adolescents with depressive episode. ObjectiveTo analyze the attitudes towards suicidal behavior and the influencing factors in adolescent patients with depressive episode， so as to provide references for suicide intervention in this population. MethodsA total of 100 adolescent patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depressive episode according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were selected from the outpatient and inpatient departments of the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu from May 2021 to July 2022. A self-designed general demographic questionnaire， Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17）， Suicide Attitude Questionnaire （QSA）， Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran （EMBU） and Internet Addiction Test （IAT） were used to evaluate the patients' depressive symptoms， attitudes towards suicide， parenting styles and Internet addiction， respectively. Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses were used to examine the correlation between the factor scores of attitudes towards suicidal behavior in QSA and demographic characteristics， HAMD-17 score， EMBU score and IAT score. Multiple linear regression was conducted to screen the risk factors associated with attitudes towards suicidal behavior， and ROC curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive efficacy of each factor. ResultsThe scores on attitudes towards suicidal behavior in QSA among adolescent patients with depressive episode were positively correlated with scores on attitude towards the suicidal person， attitude towards euthanasia， as well as scores on mother's emotional warmth and understanding factor （r=0.210~0.485， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Conversely， they were negatively correlated with father's education level， suicidal behavior in the past 6 months， HAMD-17 score， IAT score， father's punishment and harshness， father's overinvolved， father's rejection and denial， father's overprotection， mother's overinvolved and overprotection， mother's rejection and denial， and mother's punishment and harshness factor scores （r=-0.571~-0.290， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that QSA scores on attitude towards the suicidal person （β=0.198， P<0.01） and attitude towards euthanasia （β=0.302， P<0.01） positively predicted score on attitude towards suicidal behavior， and fathers' education level （β=-0.180， P=0.043）， HAMD-17 scores （β=-0.366， P<0.01） and IAT scores （β=-0.191， P=0.030） negatively predicted scores on attitude towards suicidal behavior. The differences in predictive efficacy between the factors were not statistically significant （Z=-1.289~0.092， P>0.05）. ConclusionInternet addiction， depression severity， attitudes towards suicide， attitudes towards euthanasia and father's education level may influence attitudes towards suicidal behavior in adolescent patients with depressive episode. ［Funded by Scientific Research Project of Wuhu Municipal Health Commission in 2021 （number， WHWJ2021y076）， Bengbu Medical College Postgraduate Science and Technology Innovation Project （number， Byycxz21040）］
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The purpose of this article is to explore the diagnosis of Internet addiction （gaming disorder） and its research hotspot. Gaming disorder is basically an addictive behavior and is reinforced by obtaining positive emotion and alleviating negative experience. By introducing a complex comorbidity clinical case， this article talked about addictive behavior， gaming disorder and other related issues， and discusses the debate of the diagnosis of gaming disorder and its possible future changes， the treatment， the current main problems and research hotspot.
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Objective:This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of Internet addiction among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca,Morocco.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted among students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Casablanca between October and March 2020.An online questionnaire was administered to students to collect data and internet addiction was assessed by the Young questionnaire.A score threshold ≥ 50 was adopted to define addiction.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with internet addiction.Results:Out of a total of 4 093 FMPC students enrolled in the 2020-2021 academic year,506 agreed to par-ticipate in this study,including 303 females and 203 males.The mean addiction score assessed on the Young scale was(49.08±16.11).The prevalence of Internet addiction was 44.5％(225/506,95％CI:40％to 49％).Multiple regression analysis showed that being older than 20 years(OR=0.17,95％CI:0.40 to 0.64),being female(OR=1.70,95％Cl:1.04 to 2.78),being in the dissertation year(6th year)(OR=5.17,95％CI:2.23 to 11.44),having a history of psychiatric consultation(OR=2.64,95％CI:1.34 to 5.21),having divorced parents(OR=2.64,95％CI:1.05 to 5.87),use of sleeping medication(OR=2.9,95％CI:1.05 to 3.70),sleep disorders(OR=2.06,95％CI:1.25 to 3.79),sleep deprivation(OR=2.26,95％CI:1.39 to 3.65),excessive daytime sleepi-ness(OR=5.39,95％CI:2.19 to 13.24),anxiety disorders(OR=1.47,95％CI:1.18 to 2.30),duration of internet connection(＞4 h)(OR=11.43,95％CI:4.85 to 27.66),and having frequent conflicts with parents(OR=2.37,95％CI:1.49 to 3.79)and friends(OR=0.26,95％CI:0.11 to 0.65)were independently associated with internet addiction.Conclusion:The prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students in Casablanca remains high.Targeted action on the determinants would be of great value in prevention.
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@#Introduction: Internet addiction is one of the major issues among university students which affected not only their academic performance but also their sleep quality and eating behaviours. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between internet addiction and eating behavior, with sleep quality among undergraduate students at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 university students to obtain data regarding their internet addiction, eating behaviour, and sleep quality through a series of validated questionnaires. The Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis test had been used for the univariate analysis while binary logistic regression was the multivariate analysis. Significance was set as a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A total of 54.2% of the participants showed mild internet addiction and 59.8% of them had poor sleep quality. Severe internet addiction was significantly associated with highest scores in all the eating behaviour. Individuals who were overweight had the highest score for emotional eating. Furthermore, no association was found between internet addiction and eating behavior with sleep quality in both the univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Internet addiction may affect an individual`s eating behaviour and may potentially lead to several health complications in the future. Those who were overweight tend to be emotional eaters. Although, no significant factors were associated with sleep quality, future research should be done involving other parameters such as physical activity level, biochemical data and comorbidities.
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Resumo: Introdução: Apesar das facilidades proporcionadas pela internet, seu uso inadequado e excessivo pode gerar Transtorno de Uso de Internet, principalmente entre os universitários que a utilizam para entretenimento, comunicação e atividades acadêmicas, como ocorreu durante a pandemia de Covid-19, quando o ensino ficou on-line. Esse transtorno culmina em prejuízos, como a redução no desempenho estudantil e a exacerbação ou o aparecimento de doenças psiquiátricas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença do transtorno de uso de internet entre estudantes de Medicina em universidades do estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico realizado com estudantes de Medicina de duas instituições de ensino superior do estado de Alagoas durante o primeiro ano de pandemia de Covid-19. A coleta foi feita por um instrumento on-line com uma avaliação sociodemográfica, o Teste de Dependência de Internet e as variáveis sexo, idade, período, cidade de origem e coeficiente acadêmico de rendimento. Os dados foram analisados nos programas SPSS 24 e JASP 0.14. Resultado: Participaram da pesquisa 325 estudantes, dos quais 97,2% afirmaram ter aumentado o consumo da internet durante o período da pandemia. A média de pontuação no teste foi de 32,5, no qual 80,6% apresentaram algum grau de transtorno de uso de internet, sendo 66,8% leve e 13,8% moderado. Constatou-se maior prevalência da dependência no sexo masculino, com achado entre eles de criar novas amizades pela internet, de ocultar revelar o que faz on-line e gastar mais tempo que o planejado navegando. Houve maior gravidade de compulsão nos estudantes de classes sociais mais baixas, em períodos iniciais do curso, provenientes de instituição pública, oriundos de cidades com até 50 mil habitantes e nos imigrantes. Houve uma relação negativa significativa entre menor coeficiente do último período cursado e maior nota no teste (Pearson -0,121, valor de p: 0,045). Conclusão: Os dados apontaram que os estudantes de Medicina estão propensos a desenvolver transtorno de uso de internet e que houve maior gravidade entre o sexo masculino, em classes sociais mais baixas, nos períodos iniciais do curso, nos procedentes de instituição pública, de cidades com até 50 mil habitantes e nos imigrantes. A presença do transtorno foi inversamente proporcional à performance acadêmica.
Abstract: Introduction: Although the internet provides various facilities, its inadequate and excessive use can cause Internet Addiction Disorder, especially among university students, who browse the web for entertainment, communication and academic activities, and even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic, when education switched to online. This disorder results in several detrimental consequences such as diminished student performance and aggravation or triggering of other psychiatric conditions. Objective: To evaluate the presence of Internet Addiction Disorder in medical students at the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional and analytic study conducted among medical students from two universities in the state of Alagoas during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was gathered through an online form with a social-demographic questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Test, and variables (sex, age, semester of study, city of birth, grade point average). The data was analysed in the SPSS 24 and JASP 0.14 programs. Results: The survey was applied to 325 students, 97.2% of whom affirmed to have increased their internet usage during the pandemic. The average score in the Internet Addiction Test was 32.5, with 80.6% displaying some degree of disorder, 66.8% a mild dependence, and 13.8% moderate dependence. A higher prevalence of the disorder was found among males, who were also shown to be more used to making new friendships through the internet, to hide what they are doing online, and to spend more time logged in than planned. The compulsion was more severe in lower social classes, initial semester and those who came from public university, cities with a population of less than 50.000, and immigrants. There was a negative correlation between lower final semester grades and higher grades in the Internet Addiction Test (Pearson -0,121, p-value: 0,045). Conclusions: The data of this study point to a major possibility of medical students developing Internet Addiction Disorder, with more severe dependence among those who are males, from lower social classes, in earlier periods of study, students from public universities, from cities with a population of less than 50.000 inhabitants and immigrants. The presence of Internet Addiction Disorder was inversely proportional to academic performance.