Meat quality of the Berrichon du Cher lambs and its cross-breeds with a native breed / Qualidade da carne dos cordeiros Berrichon du Cher e seus cruzamentos com raça nativa

This study evaluated the meat of lambs from crossbreeding of Polish lowland sheep, heather and rams of the Berrichone du Cher breed (B). The lambs were kept in a medium-intensive feeding system. During fattening, they received haylage and grass hay with the addition of clover, and a mixture of cereal grains with the addition of minerals and vitamins. During the fattening period, all feeds were given at will. The slaughter and cutting of the carcasses were performed in accordance with the technology applicable in the meat industry. In the longissimus lumborum muscle, the content of dry matter, total protein, total fat and ash was determined. In addition, the pH value of 45 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter, as well as the parameters of colour and tenderness of the meat were measured. The content of collagen protein, cholesterol and selected fatty acids was also determined. As a result of the conducted analyzes, the influence of the Berrichone du Cher breed on the improvement of quantitative parameters related to the slaughter value and some parameters related to the physicochemical composition of the hybrid meat was reported.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como o cruzamento da raça Berrichon du Cher com raças nativas de ovelhas polonesas de baixa altitude e ovelhas de charneca polonesa afeta os parâmetros qualitativos da carne .O maior teor de proteína (19,86 ± 0,36%, P <0,05) em cordeiros foi encontrado no grupo Berrichon du Cher e no grupo de cordeiros ovinos (19,23 ± 0,67%, P <0,05). Por outro lado, o maior teor de colágeno total (1,10 ± 0,21%) e a maior sensibilidade do tecido muscular (10,69 ± 0,74 N cm-2), que também apresentaram o menor diâmetro das fibras musculares (24,01 ± 4,62 µm, P < 0,01) foi encontrado nos cordeiros mestiços Berrichon du Cher e Polish Heath Sheep. Tanto a raça quanto o gênero afetaram significativamente o teor de colesterol na carne de cordeiro e o maior teor de colesterol foi encontrado na carne dos cordeiros Berrichon du Cher. Seu menor teor foi demonstrado na carne de Ovinos da Baixada Polonesa com a diferença de 9,1 mg 100g-1 de tecido muscular. Um dos níveis mais baixos do isômero CLA (C 18: 2 cis-9 trans-11) também foi encontrado no grupo dos cordeiros Berrichon du Cher. Este isômero evita a formação de colesterol. Dependência semelhante em relação ao gênero também foi observada. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as raças nativas são utilizadas em cruzamentos com a raça Berrichon du Cher destinada à engorda, principalmente para melhorar parâmetros quantitativos relacionados ao valor de abate e parâmetros selecionados de propriedades físicas e químicas da carne ovina.

Tipo de fibra muscular y su relación con el abordaje fonoaudiológico en los trastornos de la deglución / Type of muscle fibreand its relationship to the Speech-Language Pathology approach in swallowing disorders

Los actuales protocolos de intervención en deglución no especifican parámetros de los ejercicios tales como la cantidad de series, duración, tiempos de repetición, entre otros. Lo anterior, es un desafío para la intervención fonoaudiológica en los trastornos de la deglución. El objetivo de este trabajo es acercar al profesional fonoaudiólogo al conocimiento de las fibras musculares, ya que es un conocimiento que se debe considerar antes de indicar ejercicios musculares cráneo-cérvico-orales. Por ello, se describen las principales fibras musculares con sus respectivas características fundamentales, como lo son: la resistencia a la fatiga y la velocidad de contracción. Se revisa la literatura sobre la dispersión de las fibras musculares, de algunos de los principales músculos que participan en el proceso deglutorio. También, se analizan diversas particularidades de los músculos de la zona cráneo-cérvico-oral. Se describen además las diferentes dificultades para evaluar esta musculatura. Finalmente, se expone la relevancia práctica de conocer estos tipos de fibras musculares y las perspectivas futuras de este enfoque basado en parámetros del ejercicio y la medición de variables objetivas.

Swallowing intervention protocols in dysphagia do not specify the parameters of the exercises, namely the duration, frequencyand number of series, all of which present a challenge in speech therapy intervention in swallowing disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide Speech and Language Pathologists with background information concerning crucial muscle fibres used in swallowing therapy and to subsequently indicate appropriate skull-cervical-oral muscle exercises. We describe the primary muscle and its characteristics such as fatigue resistance and contraction speed, review the types of fibres of some of the main muscles that participate in the swallowing process, and present the particularities of the muscles of the cranio-cervical-oral area in comparison with the rest of the skeletal muscles. We also provide information regarding the difficulties in evaluating the musculature involvedin the swallowing process before finally highlighting the relevance of understanding the roles and characteristics of these muscles for clinical practice

Histochemistry profile of the biceps brachii muscle fibres of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella, Linnaeus, 1758)

A general analysis of the behaviour of Cebus shows that when this primate moves position to feed or perform another activity, it presents different ways of locomotion. This information shows that the brachial biceps muscle of this animal is frequently used in their locomotion activities, but it should also be remembered that this muscle is also used for other development activities like hiding, searching for objects, searching out in the woods, and digging in the soil. Considering the above, it was decided to research the histoenzimologic characteristics of the brachial biceps muscle to observe whether it is better adpted to postural or phasic function. To that end, samples were taken from the superficial and deep regions, the inserts proximal (medial and lateral) and distal brachial biceps six capuchin monkeys male and adult, which were subjected to the reactions of m-ATPase, NADH-Tr. Based on the results of these reactions fibres were classified as in Fast Twitch Glycolitic (FG), Fast Twitch Oxidative Glycolitic (FOG) and Slow Twitc (SO). In general, the results, considering the muscle as a whole, show a trend of frequency FOG> FG> SO. The data on the frequency were studied on three superficial regions FOG=FG>SO; the deep regions of the inserts proximal FOG=FG=SO and inserting the distal FOG>FG=SO. In conclusion, the biceps brachii of the capuchin monkey is well adapted for both postural and phasic activities.

Uma análise geral do comportamento do Cebus apella mostra que este primata quando desloca para se alimentar ou realizar outra atividade apresenta diferentes maneiras de locomoção. Estas informações mostram que o músculo bíceps braquial deste animal é usado freqüentemente nas suas atividades de locomoção, mas deve ser lembrado ainda que este músculo é usado também para desenvolvimento de outras atividades como esconder-se, procurar objetos, vasculhar arboredos, além de cavar o chão. Considerando-se o exposto acima decidiu-se pesquisar as características histoenzimológicas do músculo bíceps braquial do macaco-prego com o objetivo de comparar se este músculo esta melhor adaptado para funções posturais ou fásicas. As amostras foram retiradas das regiões superficiais e profundas; inserções proximais (medial e lateral) e distal de seis macacos-prego machos e adultos, os quais foram submetidos às reações de m-ATPase, NADH-Tr. Baseado nos resultados das reações, as fibras foram classificadas em Fast Twitch Glycolitic (FG), Fast Twitch Oxidative Glycolitic (FOG) e Slow Twitch (SO). Quanto à área dos diferentes tipos de fibras, os resultados encontrados foram semelhantes em todas as amostras estudadas, e as fibras de contração rápida foram sempre maiores do que as de contração lenta (FG=FOG>SO). Os dados obtidos sobre a frequência foram: nas três regiões superficiais estudadas FOG=FG>SO; nas regiões profundas das inserções proximais FOG=FG=SO e na inserção distal FOG>FG=SO. Baseado nestes dados pode-se concluir que o músculo bíceps braquial do macaco-prego está bem adaptado tanto para atividades posturais como fásicas.

Histochemistry profile of the biceps brachii muscle fibres of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella, Linnaeus, 1758) / Perfil histoquímico das fibras do músculo bíceps braquial do macaco-prego (Cebus apella, Linnaeus, 1758)

A general analysis of the behaviour of “Cebus” shows that when this primate moves position to feed or perform another activity, it presents different ways of locomotion. This information shows that the brachial biceps muscle of this animal is frequently used in their locomotion activities, but it should also be remembered that this muscle is also used for other development activities like hiding, searching for objects, searching out in the woods, and digging in the soil. Considering the above, it was decided to research the histoenzimologic characteristics of the brachial biceps muscle to observe whether it is better adpted to postural or phasic function. To that end, samples were taken from the superficial and deep regions, the inserts proximal (medial and lateral) and distal brachial biceps six capuchin monkeys male and adult, which were subjected to the reactions of m-ATPase, NADH-Tr. Based on the results of these reactions fibres were classified as in Fast Twitch Glycolitic (FG), Fast Twitch Oxidative Glycolitic (FOG) and Slow Twitc (SO). In general, the results, considering the muscle as a whole, show a trend of frequency FOG> FG> SO. The data on the frequency were studied on three superficial regions FOG=FG>SO; the deep regions of the inserts proximal FOG=FG=SO and inserting the distal FOG>FG=SO. In conclusion, the biceps brachii of the capuchin monkey is well adapted for both postural and phasic activities.

Uma análise geral do comportamento do “Cebus apella” mostra que este primata quando desloca para se alimentar ou realizar outra atividade apresenta diferentes maneiras de locomoção. Estas informações mostram que o músculo bíceps braquial deste animal é usado freqüentemente nas suas atividades de locomoção, mas deve ser lembrado ainda que este músculo é usado também para desenvolvimento de outras atividades como esconder-se, procurar objetos, vasculhar arboredos, além de cavar o chão. Considerando-se o exposto acima decidiu-se pesquisar as características histoenzimológicas do músculo bíceps braquial do macaco-prego com o objetivo de comparar se este músculo esta melhor adaptado para funções posturais ou fásicas. As amostras foram retiradas das regiões superficiais e profundas; inserções proximais (medial e lateral) e distal de seis macacos-prego machos e adultos, os quais foram submetidos às reações de m-ATPase, NADH-Tr. Baseado nos resultados das reações, as fibras foram classificadas em Fast Twitch Glycolitic (FG), Fast Twitch Oxidative Glycolitic (FOG) e Slow Twitch (SO). Quanto à área dos diferentes tipos de fibras, os resultados encontrados foram semelhantes em todas as amostras estudadas, e as fibras de contração rápida foram sempre maiores do que as de contração lenta (FG=FOG>SO). Os dados obtidos sobre a frequência foram: nas três regiões superficiais estudadas FOG=FG>SO; nas regiões profundas das inserções proximais FOG=FG=SO e na inserção distal FOG>FG=SO. Baseado nestes dados pode-se concluir que o músculo bíceps braquial do macaco-prego está bem adaptado tanto para atividades posturais como fásicas.

Isaac's syndrome associated with myasthenia gravis and thymoma.

A 65-year-old male developed fatigable weakness of ocular and bulbar muscle and positive anti-acetyl cholinesterase antibodies suggesting the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. His condition responded to anticholinesterase and immunotherapy. However, 18 months later, he developed painful paresthesiae, muscle cramps with hyperhiderosis, and was diagnosed as having Isaac's syndrome (neuromyotonia, continuous muscle fibre activity). Computed tomography of the chest revealed a thymic mass, which was confirmed after surgery and histopathology as thymic cell carcinoma. The co-occurrence of myasthenia gravis and continuous muscle fiber activity should prompt the consideration of the occurrence of these disorders as one of the paraneoplastic manifestations, most often due to a thymic neoplasm. Both these conditions respond to treatment of underlying thymoma. This case is a very rare presentation worth reporting.

Effects of intermittent-sprint training on histochemical properties of muscle fibres and dominant motor neurons in rats / 体力科学

The present study was undertaken in order to investigate effects of short-term, high intensity training on the total number and histochemical properties of fast tibialis anterior, slow soleus muscle fibres and their dominant motor neurons in male rats.<BR>The animals were subjected to 4 meters of sprint-running by the operant conditioning, 12 times a day interposed with 5 minutes rest periods for 14 weeks.<BR>This training had no effect on the total number and enzyme activities of muscle fibres and dominant neurons. However, hypertrophy of FOG and FG fibres in tibialis anterior muscle was caused by the training.<BR>The conclusion, therefore, is that short-term but high intensity training causes selec. tive hypertrophy of fast twitch muscle fibres, but does not have an influence on the histochemical properties of motor units because the training is far a short period of time.

A histochemical study on the differentiations of anterior horn cell of the spinal cord and hindlimb muscle fibre in the rat / 体力科学

Wistar strain male albino rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 days of age, and the histochemical properties of nerve cell and muscle fibre were examined.<BR>We obtained the following differentiation process in the muscle with postnatal growth;<BR>phase I (newborn-7 days) undifferentiated fibre<BR>phase II (7-15 days) FT fibre ST fibre<BR>phase III (after 15 days) FG fibre FOG fibre SO fibre<BR>On the other hand, histochemical differentiation of nerve cell was recognized earlier than that of muscle fibre, and there was no redistribution of soma type with growth.<BR>Therefore, it may be said bhat histochemical differentiation process in the muscle is largely effected by the neuronal influences exerted from the lower motoneurons.