Factores de riesgo que influyen en la no obtención de visión binocular en operados de esotropía congénita / Risk factors present in failed binocular vision of patients operated on from congenital esotropia

Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgos que influyen en la no obtención de visión binocular en los pacientes operados de esotropía congénita. Métodos: estudio de serie de casos en pacientes operados de esotropía congénita en el Servicio de Oftalmología Pediátrica del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, en el período comprendido de enero de 2007 a mayo de 2010. Se analizaron las variables siguientes: fusión, estereopsis, edad quirúrgica, estabilidad del alineamiento ocular, número de cirugías, ambliopía y defecto refractivo.Resultados: el 57,7 por ciento de los pacientes alcanzó fusión y el 30,8 por ciento logró estereopsia, en un rango de 3 000 a 400 segundos de arco. Los niños operados tuvieron después de los 18 meses un riesgo cinco veces mayor de no desarrollar fusión y cuatro veces mayor de no desarrollar estereopsis que los operados antes de esa edad. Los pacientes que perdieron el alineamiento ocular tuvieron al año de la cirugía casi tres veces mayor probabilidad de no alcanzar fusión que aquellos que mantuvieron la ortotropía. La probabilidad de no desarrollar estereopsis fue casi dos veces mayor en los niños ambliopes. Conclusiones: la cirugía temprana resulta importante para mejorar los resultados funcionales visuales en los operados de esotropía congénita. La pérdida del paralelismo ocular y la ambliopía estuvieron asociadas al no desarrollo de fusión y estereopsis

Objective: to determine the risk factors that have an impact on failing to achieve binocular vision in patients operated on from congenital esotropia. Methods: a case-series study conducted in patients operated on from congenital esotropia at the Pediatric Ophthalmology service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2007 through May 2010. The following variables were analyzed: fusion, stereopsis, stability of the ocular alignment, surgical age, number of surgeries, amblyopia, and refractive defect. Results: in this group, 57.7 percent of the patients reached fusion and 30.8 percent achieved stereopsis, in a range of 3000 to 400 arc seconds. The risk of not developing fusion and the risk of not developing stereopsis in operated children aged over 18 months were 5 times higher and 4 times higher, respectively, than in children operated on before that surgical age. Those patients who lose the ocular alignment after one year of surgery were 3 times more likely to fail to achieve fusion than those who kept orthotopia. The probabilities of not developing stereopsis were almost twice greater in amblyopic children. Conclusions: the early surgery is important to improve the visual functional results in those operated on from congenital esotropia. The loss of ocular parallelism and amblyopia were associated to unsuccessful development of fusion and stereopsis

Causes of and strategies for postoperative reduction loss in tibial plateau fracture patients / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To analyze the causes of postoperative step off of the tibial plateau fracture and to suggest strategies to cope with them. Methods 57 cases of tibial plateau fracture who had been treated operatively in our department from January 2001 to June 2003 with satisfactory reduction of the articular surface were reviewed. Their radiograms were analyzed. Results The follow ups lasted 6 to 30 months (average 15 months). Postoperative step off rate was 28.1%in all the cases according to radiological step off criteria. (A depression of the articular surface more than 3 millimeters or malalignment of the extremity more than 5 degrees is considered as step off.). Six causes of loss of reduction were: 1) more than sixty years of age, 2) severe osteoporosis, 3) preoperative displacement and fracture fragmentation, 4) poor anti shearing strength of screw and plate, 5) loose bonegraft, and 6) premature weight bearing. Conclusions The key points to enhance the outcome include precise judgment of the type of fracture, sufficient amount of bonegraft, rigid internal fixation after anatomic reduction and an appropriate plan for performing early, loadless, functional exercise. The traumatic osteoarthritis may be avoided or deferred if the above mentioned six causes can be taken into full consideration or preventive measures can be taken.