Instrumentos para avaliar a sobrecarga e a qualidade de vida de cuidadores / Instrumentos para evaluar la carga y la calidad de vida de los cuidadores / Instruments to evaluate the work overload and quality of life for caregivers

Objetivo: identificar na literatura instrumentos para avaliar a qualidade de vida e a sobrecarga em cuidadores e sua aplicabilidade com essa população. Síntese de conteúdo: revisão integrativa da literatura em dois períodos de busca. Em setembro de 2017, foram selecionados 604 resumos na PubMed e 33 na LiLAcS, totalizando 637. Em seguida, para a atualização de dados, em setembro de 2020, foram escolhidos 137 resumos na PubMed e quatro na LiLAcS, totalizando 141. Após a leitura dos resumos, 106 artigos foram lidos na íntegra, dos quais 62 artigos atenderam os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Após a identificação de 80 instrumentos aplicados em cuidadores nessas publicações, buscouse identificar a existência de validação brasileira, bem como sua aplicabilidade com cuidadores. Desses instrumentos, 39 não foram validados no Brasil, 13 eram elaborações próprias dos autores e 28 validações brasileiras. Desses 28 validados, sete são voltados para cuidadores e os demais, para populações gerais. Na análise de adequação da aplicação desses instrumentos gerais a essa população, verificouse que os objetivos dos estudos foram atingidos, pois aspectos relativos à sobrecarga e à qualidade de vida também se aplicam ao cuidador que assume o cuidado do paciente em casa. Conclusões: os achados apon-tam que, para além da criação de novos instrumentos, é preciso identificar na literatura os já existentes

Objetivo: identificar en la literatura instrumentos para evaluar la calidad de vida y la carga de los cuidadores y su aplicabilidad en esta población. Síntesis de contenido: revisión integral de la literatura en dos períodos de búsqueda. En septiembre de 2017 se recopilaron 604 resúmenes en PubMed y 33 en LiLAcS, totalizan-do 637 resúmenes. Posteriormente, para actualizar datos, en septiembre de 2020 se añadieron 137 resúmenes provenientes de PubMed y cuatro de LiLAcS, para un total de 141. Después de revisar los resúmenes, se procedió con la lectura de 106 artículos a texto completo, de los cuales 62 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión definidos. Tras identificar 80 instrumentos aplicados en cuidadores en esas publicaciones, se buscó determinar cuáles de ellos habían sido valida-dos para su uso en Brasil y cuáles podrían ser aplicados en cuidadores. De estos instrumentos, 39 no habían sido validados en Brasil, 13 eran elaboraciones propias y 28 contaban con validez en este país. De los 28 instrumentos validados, siete se enfocan en los cuidadores, mientras que los 21 restantes están diseñados para estudiar población general. Al analizar la adecuación y aplicación de dichos instrumentos sobre la población de cuidadores se verificó que los objetivos de los estudios fueran alcanzados, puesto que los aspectos relacionados con la sobrecarga y la calidad de vida también se aplican a los cuidadores de pacientes en casa. Conclusiones: los resultados indican que, además de la creación de nuevos instrumentos, es necesario identificar los ya existentes en la literatura.

Objective: To identify on litera-ture instruments for evaluating the quality of life and work overload of caregivers and their applicability with this population. Content synthesis: Integrative literature review in two research periods. In September 2017, 604 abstracts were gathered from PubMed database and 33 more from LiLAcS, totaling 637 abstracts. An update in September 2020 allowed collecting 137 additional abstracts from PubMed and 4 from LiLAcS, adding 141 entries to the previ-ous sample. After reading these abstracts, the full texts of 106 articles were examined, from which 62 articles met the inclusion criteria. In total, 80 instruments applied to caregivers were identified in these publications. From this, we sought to determine the existence of validation studies in Brazil, as well as their applicability to caregivers. From the sample of 80 instruments, 39 were not validated in Brazil, 13 were elaborated by authors, and 28 corresponded to validated tools in this country. Out of these, seven were applied to caregivers and the rest of them to general populations. In the analysis of the adequacy and application of the general instruments to this specific population, it was found that the objectives of the studies were met, since several aspects related to work overload and quality of life also apply to the caregiver in charge of a patient at home. Conclusions: Findings pointed out the need of creating new instruments and also identify the existing tools available in the literature.

A review of existing strategies for designing long-acting parenteral formulations: Focus on underlying mechanisms, and future perspectives

The need for long-term treatments of chronic diseases has motivated the widespread development of long-acting parenteral formulations (LAPFs) with the aim of improving drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. LAPFs have been proven to extend the half-life of therapeutics, as well as to improve patient adherence; consequently, this enhances the outcome of therapy positively. Over past decades, considerable progress has been made in designing effective LAPFs in both preclinical and clinical settings. Here we review the latest advances of LAPFs in preclinical and clinical stages, focusing on the strategies and underlying mechanisms for achieving long acting. Existing strategies are classified into manipulation of

Prevalencia de la disfunción temporomandibular en trabajadores de la industria. Asociación con el estrés y el trastorno del sueño / Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among industrialworkers. Association with stress and sleep disorder

Objetivo Verificar la presencia de disfunción temporomadibular (DTM), trastorno del sueño y estrés, así como la asociación entre esos factores en trabajadores de una industria del Estado de São Paulo. Material y Métodos Se aplicó cuestionario de Fonseca para verificar el grado de DTM; el Cuestionario de Evaluación del Sueño de Toronto (SAQ) para verificar la calidad y ocurrencia de trastornos del sueño; y la Escala de Reajuste Social (SRRS) para verificar el grado de estrés. Se tabularon los datos de la encuesta por medio del programa Epi InfoTM 7 y se los analizaron estadísticamente por medio del Test de Chi-Cuadrado, con nivel de significación del 5 %. Resultados Participaron de la encuesta 104 trabajadores, la mayoría hombres (74 %), con edad entre 35 y 44 años (26 %). Treinta y siete (35,6 %) tenían algún grado de disfunción, 65 (62,5 %) presentaron trastornos del sueño y 6 (5,8 %), grados más altos de estrés. Tras el análisis estadístico, no se observó asociación significativa entre estrés y disfunción temporomandibular (DTM). Sin embargo, hubo asociación entre calidad del sueño y el sexo del individuo con la DTM (p<0,01). Conclusiones Se concluye que un alto porcentaje de la población analizada presenta trastornos del sueño y DTM. El sexo y la calidad del sueño influyen en la ocurrencia de la DTM.(AU)

Objective To determine the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), sleep disorders and stress, as well as the association between these factors, among industrial workers in São Paulo State, Brazil. Material and Methods Fonseca's questionnaire was used to verify the level of TMD, the Toronto Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) was applied to check the quality and occurrence of sleep disorders, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was used to check the degree of stress. The data collected were tabulated with Epi InfoTM 7 and statistically analyzed using the chi-square test, with a 5 % significance level. Results 104 workers participated in the survey. Most were male (74 %) between 35 and 44 years of age (26 %). Thirty-seven (35.6 %) had some degree of disorder, 65 (62.5 %) presented with sleep disorders, and 6 (5.8 %) presented with higher degrees of stress. After statistical analysis, there was no significant association between stress and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, there was an association between quality of sleep and sex of the individual with TMD (p<0.01). Conclusion We conclude that a high percentage of the analyzed population has sleep disorders and TMD. Sex and the quality of sleep influence the occurrence of TMD.(AU)

Molecular Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Middle Ear Fluids from Children with Otitis Media with Effusion

PURPOSE: The long-term administration of antibiotics interferes with bacterial culture in the middle ear fluids (MEFs) of young children with otitis media with effusion (OME). The purpose of this study is to determine whether molecular diagnostics can be used for rapid and direct detection of the bacterial pathogen in culture-negative MEFs. METHODS: The specificity and sensitivity of both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to the lytA gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae were comparatively tested and then applied for pneumococcal detection in the clinical MEFs. RESULTS: The detection limit of the PCR assay was approximately 10(4) colony forming units (CFU), whereas that of LAMP was less than 10 CFU for the detection of S. pneumoniae. Both PCR and LAMP did not amplify nucleic acid at over 10(6) CFU of H. influenzae or M. catarrhalis, both of which were irrelevant bacterial species. Of 22 culture-negative MEFs from children with OME, LAMP positivity was found in twelve MEFs (54.5%, 12/22), only three of which were PCR-positive (25%, 3/12). Our results showed that the ability of LAMP to detect pneumococcal DNA is over four times higher than that of PCR (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: As a high-resolution tool able to detect nucleic acid levels equivalent to <10 CFU of S. pneumoniae in MEFs without any cross-reaction with other pathogens, lytA-specific LAMP may be applied for diagnosing pneumococcus infection in OME as well as evaluating the impact of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against OME.

Correlación microbiológica en cultivo de adenoides y glue en pacientes con OME / Microbiological correlation between adenoid and glue ear cultures in patients with OME

Introducción: La otitis media con efusión (OME) sigue siendo la patología otológica más prevalente en los preescolares de Chile; su etiología y factores predisponentes aún no están del todo claro; por ende su tratamiento es controversial. Objetivo: Demostrar una correlación microbiológica en cultivos de tejido adenoídeo y glue de ambos oídos en pacientes con OME. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo caso/control, donde se analizaron los cultivos bacterianos de tejido adenoideo y glue de ambos oídos en 40 pacientes con OME y cultivos bacterianos de tejido adenoídeo de 40 pacientes con hiperplasia adenoídea sin OME. Resultados: Casos: Cinco cultivos negativos de adenoides (12,5%), 28 positivos a comensales (70%) y 7 positivos a gérmenes no habituales (17,5%). El glue presentó cultivo negativo en 72,5% OD y 77,5% OI. Los cultivos de adenoides en los controles no difieren mayormente a los casos. Discusión: No se pudo establecer una correlación microbiológica entre glue y adenoides en pacientes con OME. Conclusiones: El número de cultivos de glue negativos se correlaciona con la literatura mundial. No existe un patrón que permita correlacionar los cultivos de adenoides de los casos con los cultivos de glue, ni con los cultivos de adenoides de los controles.

Introduction: Otitis Media with Effusion is still the most prevalent otological pathology in preschool children in Chile. Its etiology and predisposing factors are not entirely clear yet. Hence, its treatment is controversial. Aim: To demonstrate a microbiological correlation in adenoid tissue and glue ear cultures in both ears in patients with OME. Material and method: Prospective case control study, which analyzed bacterial adenoid tissue cultures and glue ear cultures in both ears in 40 patients with OME, and a second control group of bacterial cultures in 40 patients with adenoid hyperplasia without ear effusion. Results: Cases: Five negatives in adenoid cultures (12.5%), 28 positive to guest bacteria (70%) and 7 positive at unusual germs (17.5%). The glue ear presented negative culture at 72.5% in the right ear and 77.5% in the left ear. Adenoid control cultures did not differ with OME studied cases. Discussion: A microbiological glue ear and adenoid correlation could not be established. Conclusions: The number of negative glue ear cultures is similar to published literature. There is not a pattern which allows a positive correlation between adenoid cases cultures and glue ear cultures or with control adenoid cultures.

Inhibition of miR-375 decreases lipoapoptosis in NIT-1 β cells / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-375 inhibited by 2'-O-me-375 on lipoapoptosis of NIT-1 pancreatic β cells. Methods NIT-1 cells were divided and treated according to the optimal condition: mock (without lipofectamine) ,lipofectamine( transfected only with lipofectamine) ,NC-miRNA (transfected with negative control miRNA) ,and 2'-O-me-375( transfected with 2'-O-me-375) groups. 72 hours later, all cells in each group were cultured with 500 μmol/L palmitate for 48 h. The percentage of apoptotic cells was detected by Hochest33342 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL). The protein expression of myotrophin ( V1 ) , a target gene of miR-375, was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared to the other three groups,the cell apoptosis rate of 2'-O-me-375 group was the lowest (P<0.01) .along with the highest VI expression level(P<0. 01). Conclusion Inhibition of miR-375 decreases pancreatic (3-cell lipoapoptosis.

Detection of Fungus and Bacteria in Otitis Media with Effusion of Children Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Its Correlation of Clinical Factors / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several hypotheses have been proposed in the etiopathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME). The bacterial or fungal infection may also play a major role in the pathogenesis of OME. To investigate the relationship between bacteria and fungi as pathogens in OME and to analyze the incidence, the authors evaluated the pathogens of OME using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, which is known to be more sensitive and specific than conventional bacterial and fungal culture. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-three children (thirty ears), who were diagnosed with OME and had underwent ventilation tube insertion, were evaluated in the department of ORL-HNS, University Hospital, from May 2006 to March 2007. The middle ear effusion, obtained during the procedure, was evaluated for the identification of bacteria and fungi by PCR. RESULTS: Among 30 ears, viable pathogenic bacteria were detected in 20 ears (66.6%) and fungi in 13 ears (43.3%). The bacterial pathogens included Haemophilus influenzae (13 ears), followed by Streptococcus pneumonize (6 ears). The fungi detected from PCR were Candida albicans (4 ears-30.8%), Aspergillus niger (2 ears-15.4%) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (2 ears-15.4%). Additional pathogens include Basidiomycete yeast, Saccharamycete sp., Eurotium rubrum, Dothioraceae sp. and Stemphylium solani. Detection of fungal DNA was more common in patients with cleft palate and in recurrent cases with statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The use of PCR of middle ear effusion is effective for the detection of pathogens in patients with OME. While bacteria were thought to be the causative pathogen, this study suggests the etiological role of fungi in the pathogenesis of OME. However, the relationship between fungi and OME requires further studies.

The Expression and Significance of Transforming Growth Factor ?1 in the Middle Ear Mucosa of Guinea Pigs with Otitis Media With Efussion / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To explore the expression of transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1)in the mucosa of guinea pigs with otitis media with effusion(OME)and the role of TGF-?1 in the development of OME.Methods 70 guinea pigs were randomly devided into 7 groups,each with 10 animals.OME was produced by injecting deactivated streptococcus pneumoniae into the typmpanic cavity of guinea pigs.The expression of TGF-?1 was examined by means of immunohistochemistry 6 h,1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d and 30 d after injection.Results TGF-?1 expression could be detected in the middle ear mucosa at 7 d after injection and reached maximum at 30 d.Conclusion TGF-?1 is expressed in the middle ear mucosa of the guinea pigs with OME induced by deactivated streptococcus pneumoniae,and this indicates that TGF-?1 may play a role in the chronic protraction of OME.

Short-term follow-up effect of total hip replacement in fresh and old femoral neck fractures of middle-aged and old patients / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To compare the short-term follow-up cu ra tive effect of primary total hip replacement (THR) in treating fresh and old fem oral neck fractures. Methods Double follow-ups with an in terval of 13 months were performed in patients with femoral neck fractures under going THR in our department from January 1997 to October 1999. Results After a follow-up for 37-62 months (mean 44 months), we obtained f ull data of 47 patients [41-77 years old, (61.8?5.22) years old] with preoperative Harris score of 28.40?10.14 and postoperative score of 85.20?7. 91. The Harris score of patients with fresh femoral neck fractures (FFNF) incr eased from 21.60?8.73 preoperatively to 82.50?9.81 postoperatively〔at age of (63.50?5.53) years〕 and that of patients with old femoral neck fracture (O FNF) from 37.70?13.50 to 90.63?5.79, [at age of (58.90?7.81) years]. Of 47 patients, only one case had dislocation once within six weeks postoperative ly during function exercise and recovered after manual reduction. Another one wi th excellent function evaluation was given again internal fixation three years a fter THR because of femoral shaft fracture and obtained satisfactory recovery. N o complications were found in other patients. The mean Harris score in patients with OFNF was significantly higher than those with FFNF ( P

Compositional difference of middle ear effusion according to viscosity of the effusion / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Serous otitis media (SOM) is usually responsive to medical treatment, whereas mucoid otitis media (MOM) is not. This study was undertaken to elucidate the compositional difference between serous and mucoid effusion, and to investigate whether MUC5AC acts as a major mucin in the middle ear mucosa with MOM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Middle ear effusion (MEE) samples were collected from 29 patients with MOM and 20 patients with SOM. The level of mucin, lysozyme, secretory IgA and interleukin-8 were measured by dot blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Periodic acid-Schiff and immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal anti-MUC5AC antibody were performed on the serial sections of middle ear mucosa with MOM. RESULTS: Mucoid effusions contained higher levels of mucin, lysozyme, secretory IgA and interleukin-8 than serous effusion. Immunohistological study revealed that MUC5AC mucin was expressed in only a small portion of the goblet cells of middle ear mucosa with MOM. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that both serous secretions and mucin might make the middle ear effusion more viscous, and that mucins other than MUC5AC might have a major role in the viscosity of MEE. Further study is necessary to identify the major mucins in the MEE of otitis media with effusion.

Characterization of Cytokines Present in Pediatric Recurrent Otitis Media with Effusion: Comparison of Allergy and Nonallergy / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Earlier studies documented the presence of several cytokines in middlle ear effusions (MEEs) of humans and experimental animals. Some of these studies reported association between cytokine levels and certain clinical factors. Rut studies on association between cytokine levels and allergy in MEE are very rare. To acertain the role of allergy in the pathogenesis of recurrent otitis media with effusion(ROME) through the characterization of cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEE samples were collected from patients with allergy (20 ears) and without allergy (15 ears). They were assayed for interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) using sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The levels of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the allergy group were statistically higher than in the nonallergy group. The level of IL-2 in the allergy group was slightly higher than in the nonallergy group, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Elevation of Th2 driven cytokines and TNF-alpha in MEEs suggests that ROME may be a sign of allergic inflammation in the middle ear.

The Prevalence of Otitis Media with Effusion among Kindergarten and Elementary School Children in Song Buk, Seoul, Korea and Risk Factors / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common bacterial infection and the most frequent otologic indication for antimicrobial or surgical therapy in young children. It is also the leading cause of hearing disturbance in children. There have been few reports about the prevalence rate of OME in preschool children in Seoul. So, we investigated the prevalence of OME among kindergarten and elementary children in Song Buk Gu, Seoul, Korea. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tympanometry and pneumatic otoscopic examination were performed on 3,364 children aged 3-7 years, from March to June of 1999. RESULTS: A total of 11.74% of the subjects had unilateral or bilateral OME. The prevalence rate of OME in 3 year-old children was 30.0% and that of 7 year-old children was decreased to 8.9%. The prevalence rate in March was 18.5% and that in June decreased to 6.5%. The majority of the cases were free of subjective symptoms, but some of significant symptoms were ear fullness, otalgia, tendency to increase the TV volume and autophonia. CONCLUSION: Significant risk factors are seasonal variation, age and the history of OME. There should be more attention paid to OME in children aged 7 years and younger, because its high prevalence and less symptoms.

Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Experimental Otitis Media with Effusion / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ntric oxide (NO) is a short-lived biological mediator produced by diverse cell types, including inflammatory cells and epithelial cells. It may be cytotoxic to cells in high concentrations. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressed in macrophages produce large quantities of NO in response to inflammatory stimuli such as cytokines and lipopolysaccharide. NO is now considered to be a mediator of endotoxin induced middle ear effusion (MEE). The author attempted to identify the expression of iNOS in immune mediated otitis media with effusion (OME). MATERIALS AND METHOD: Immune mediated OME was induced in rats, which were sensitized twice subcutaneously with KLH (keyhole lympet hemocyanine) and challenged with KLH into the middle ear 1 week later. We observed the development of MEE after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days following the challenge and measured nitrite (NO-2) and nitrate (NO - 3) in MEE which are oxidative product of NO. We utilized the RTPCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) technique to evaluate the presence of iNOS mRNA in MEE. The immunohistochemical method was used to identify the expression of iNOS and infiltration of macrophage in middle ear mucosa. RESULTS: Serous MEE was developed at 3 days, and with time passed, it was changed to the mucoid type. Nitrite and nitrate were detected in MEE and iNOS mRNA was expressed in MEE. iNOS was expressed extensively with time and macrophages were diffusely infiltrated in middle ear mucosa. CONCLUSION: NO produced by the expressed iNOS may contribute to the development of OME, and we will be able to apply the role of iNOS and macrophage to research on pathogenesis and treatment of OME.

Rat Model of Otitis Media with Effusion / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To establish an otitis media with effusion model in rat,and provide a pure physical approach of animal model for researching the otitis media with effusion.Methods Twenty-four clean grade male SD rats were selected.Only the right ears were used for the model group,the contralateral ears were used as the control group.The animal model of otitis media with effusion was established by blocking eustachian tube with cork stopper through the right side mandible,the hearing was evaluated by ABR and tympanogram configurations,the pathologic changes of middle ear and eustachian tube mucous membrane were examined by light microscopy.Results Twenty out of 24 ears of rats' of hearing threshold increased from 34.25?5.45 dB to 57.63?5.46 dB (P

Treatment of Adult-Onset Otitis Media with Effusion by Morphologic Difference of Nasopharynx and Eustachian Tube Orifice / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recently, adult-onset otitis media with effusion(OME) tends to increase in its incidence. We compared the treatment of OME by morphologic difference of nasopharynx and eustachian tube orifice in adult-onset OME. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 156 patients were retrospectively studied. 156 patients were divided into 4 groups; group 0: normal finding on eustachian tube orifice and nasopharynx, group I: pathologic lesions on eustachian tube orifice and torus tubarius, group II: pathologic lesions on nasopharynx, group III: pathologic lesions on group I and II. Pathologic lesions are hyperemia, edema, lymphoid follicle hyperplasia. First, we treated patients with antibiotics, if OME was not improved, combined treatment of antibiotics and steroid was administered. If OME was not improved by medical treatment, myringotomy or ventilation tube insertion was done. RESULTS: Antibiotics treatment was effective in group 0, combined treatment of antibiotics and steroid was effective in group I, II. Many cases of surgical treatmnent was done in group III and it was effective. CONCLUSION: Careful examination of nasopharynx and eustachian tube orifice can predict prognosis and choice of treatment.

The Application and Characteristic of Auditory Brainstem Response in Children with Otitis Media with Effusion / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To explore the characteristics of auditory brainstem response(ABR) in children with otitis media with effusion(OME) before and after myringotomy with grommet insertion and the significance of ABR in diagnosing OME.Methods ABR were recorded in 50 cases(100 ears) before receiving myringotomy with grommet insertion for OME,30 cases(60 ears) underwent ABR monitoring after surgery again.For comparison,50 age-matched healthy children(100 ears) were also tested with ABR.Furthermore,30 cases were divided into two groups according to the viscidity of tympanic cavity secretion and the response threshold of wave Ⅴ were compared between the two groups.Results The response threshold of wave Ⅴand the peak latency of wave Ⅰwere normal in 13 percent of 50 cases(100 ears) before surgery.The rate of missed diagnosis was 13%.Among 50 cases,41% had normal response threshold for wave Ⅴ,52% had slight abnormal responses of thresholds of wave Ⅴ and 7% had medium response threshold of wave Ⅴ.The peak latency of wavs Ⅰwas normal in 19% OME children,but it prolonged in 72% OME children and absent in 9% OME children.The prolonged peak latencies(waves Ⅰ,Ⅲ andⅤ) and eleveted response thresholds of wave Ⅴ and shorted transmission time between waves(Ⅰ-Ⅲ andⅠ-Ⅴ) significant when compared to the control group.After surgery,the response thresholds of wave Ⅴand the peak latency of wave Ⅰwere normal in 46.7% children,the response threshold of wave Ⅴ were normal in 70.5% and slight abnormal in 29.5%.Occuring(elicit) rate of wave Ⅰwas 100% and peak latency of wave Ⅰwas normal in 50.2% chilren.The differrence of peak latencies(waves Ⅰ,Ⅲ andⅤ) and the response threshold of wave Ⅴ before surgery

Evaluation of Recurrence of Otitis Media with Effusion Using Ultra High Frequency Audiometry / 대한이비인후과학회지

The goal of treatment in OME is normal aerated middle ear space. When the tympanogram convert to type A or C from type B in patients with OME, no further medication would be needed. But 1/3 of these patient had type B tympanogram again after 4 weeks follow up without medication. Many parameters-including age, sex, season, unilaterality, passive smoking, associated rhinitis etc-were concerned about the recurrence of OME. Ultra high frequency audiometry was added as a new parameter in recurrence of OME.

Adult-onset Otitis Media with Effusion / 대한이비인후과학회지

Otitis media with effusion(OME) is a very common disease of young children, but adult-on-set otitis media with effusion is rarely considered. A few of factors contribute to pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion, which are poor tubal dysfunction, upper respiratory viral infection, bacterial adherence, and immune status of the host. Otologic complaints are dominant in many of adult-onset OME patients. Sinusitis is the most common causal disease of adult-onset OME in our study. In our study, we conclude that adult-onset OME is a relatively common disease in contrast to the current thought and that we must carefully evaluate upper airway, especially sinuses and nasopharynx, and systemic aspects in adult-onset OME.