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Tic disorder(TD), including Tourette syndrome, was first reported in 1825 and officially named in 1885.Until 1961, Haloperidol was proven to be effective in treating TD, which ushered in a new era of clinical understanding and research on TD.This paper introduces the history of research, development issues and research prospects related to TD.
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Big data has emerged as a critical technological focus in medical treatment and public health.Big data and mining techniques can significantly enhance the productivity of medical institutions,ensure the quality of healthcare services,strengthen the core competitiveness of hospitals,and guarantee the optimal utilization of various medical resources.This paper ex-amines the distinctive characteristics of medical big data.Moreover,through the application analysis of big data,it explores the effect of big data in disease prevention,diagnosis,treatment,pharmaceutical research and development,evaluation,as well as in medical research and investigation.
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Primary liver cancer (hereinafter referred to as liver cancer) is one of the most common and deadly malignancies, posing a serious threat to human health. In recent years, advance-ments in artificial intelligence (AI) have opened up possibilities for the comprehensive enhancement of liver cancer diagnosis and treatment. AI technologies in liver cancer mainly include the machine learning (ML) and the deep learning (DL) models, with DL being a subtype of ML based on neural network structures. The application of ML and DL models in liver cancer has demonstrated tremen-dous potential, but there are still many issues that need to be addressed, including enhancing the generalizability and interpretability of results. The authors elaborate on the application progress of AI in the field of liver cancer in recent years, and explore the current challenges and future explora-tion directions.
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@#In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), such as image recognition and fixed-point and digital scanning, has been increasingly applied in dental orthodontics. ChatGPT is an emerging artificial intelligence technology that has attracted a considerable amount of attention from people of all walks of life since its introduction. This paper discusses the application potential of ChatGPT in the field of orthodontics from two perspectives—education and clinical practice—and analyzes its limitations. Current reports show that ChatGPT can improve the efficiency of teaching in orthodontic education as well as assist users in completing medical mock exams training, writing papers and conducting academic research, etc. In the clinic, ChatGPT can be used to engage patients in medical dialog, simplify clinical procedures and improve diagnostic and treatment efficiency. However, because ChatGPT is still in the early stages of research and application, there are problems such as insufficient data, inaccurate answers, and poor academic ethics and privacy. In the future, additional studies, training and optimization are needed to ensure the safety, ethics and benefit of AI, laying the foundation for improving the use of AI in the field of orthodontics.
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The discrimination of the cause of death is an important part in forensic medicine. With the advantages of simple operation， high test efficiency， and easy sensitivity to the death mechanism of the deceased， postmortem biochemistry analysis has become a significant auxiliary analysis method for discrimination of the cause of death. In this paper， we discuss the development status， advantages and current problems of postmortem biochemical analysis， and then describe the application prospect of postmortem biochemistry in the discrimination of the cause of death by posing feasible solutions， so that to provide an idea for this research.
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Gastric cancer,a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality in China,has characteristics such as high heterogeneity and poor prognosis.With the advent of the 21st century,significant progress has been made in gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment due to the rapid development of genomics,laparoscopic minimally invasive techniques,targeted therapy and immunotherapy.This article summarized the important research progress in the field of gastric cancer prevention and treatment since the 21st century,and looked forward to the future.We hope to make greater progress and breakthroughs in early screening,diagnosis and precise treatment of gastric cancer,further improve the overall survival rate of patients,and transform gastric cancer into a controllable"chronic disease".
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Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the elderly. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drugs have become the first-line treatment for neovascular ARMD, which has greatly changed the prognosis. However, dry ARMD still lacks effective treatment means, focusing on prevention. At present, several clinical treatment methods are being explored, including antioxidant therapy, complement therapy, neuroprotective therapy, gene therapy, etc. This review mainly summarizes the existing clinical trials and their progress on the treatment of dry ARMD, in order to provide future prospects for the treatment of dry ARMD. A number of clinical trials have already produced promising results for the treatment of dry ARMD, and it is believed that more and more clinical trials will be successful in the near future to provide more effective treatments for patients with dry ARMD.
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Job burnout is rampant in workplaces and has become an important global public health concern. It is one of the top occupational health problems to be addressed in the workplace in Europe and America. The prevalence rate of job burnout is also at a high level in China, and cannot be ignored for its associated health loss and economic impact of occupational population, so we should deepen the understanding of job burnout hazards, promote relevant scientific research, and develop associated prevention and control programs. This paper introduced the epidemic status of job burnout, health hazards and economic impact, development stage, influencing factors, conceptual models, measurement and evaluation methods, and prevention and control measures, and proposed scientific research directions as well as prevention and control strategies of job burnout in the future.
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@#Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) equipment is the industry representative possessing independent intellectual property rights and unique Chinese characteristics. By integrating TCM and information technology, TCM equipment is experiencing an unprecedented period of opportunity. Here, based on the practical significance, we reviewed the recent series of policies to promote the TCM equipment development. In accordance, we analyzed the current main problems and causes, and finally put forward some policy demand and suggestions to boost TCM equipment industry.
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Mosquitoes are the biological vectors of many diseases. Mosquito-borne infectious diseases are serious public health problems in tropical areas. With the increasing resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides, it becomes difficult to control mosquito-borne infectious diseases. The application of mosquito repellents can not only control the spread of mosquito-borne infectious diseases to a certain extent, but also reduce the use of insecticides and relieve the environmental pressure. This paper introduces and summarizes the research progresses of new mosquito repellents in recent years to provide reference resource for the further development of mosquito repellents.
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The development of respiratory and critical care medicine from a combination and binding approach to a cross-integrated reconstruction of pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) has become an inevitable trend and basic strategy for the high-quality development of respiratory medicine and actively responding to the prevention and control of major disease risks in China. The author analyzed the dilemmas and bottlenecks in the long-term development of traditional respiratory medicine in China and their causes, summarized the international experience in the establishment of modern respiratory disciplines, and systematically reviewed the development process of traditional respiratory disciplines in China to PCCM department.Finally, the author pointedly put forward some thoughts and prospects on leading the development of disciplines from personnel training, department construction and industry development, promoting the new business form of " integrated vertical and horizontal" disciplines with intelligent information construction, and practicing the concept of population medicine to improve the high-quality development of PCCM.
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High-level pathogenic microorganism laboratories are strategic scientific and technological forces of national biosafety， so it is significant to improve the policy and system management and strengthen the safety supervision. This paper reviewed the current status of management policy and system of high-level pathogenic microorganism laboratories， summarized the problems and challenges in terms of safety laws and regulations， supervision mechanism， hierarchical and classified management， standards and norms， legal person responsibility system， occupational access system and personnel training system. This paper also proposed targeted policy suggestions that might underlie the biosafety management of high-level pathogenic microorganism laboratories in China.
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This paper focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of laryngeal airway in children, including congenital anomalies, infection, and tumor of the larynx to provide a new technology for managing these diseases. Based on the characteristic of them, the pediatric upper airway is dedicated to the clinical evaluation of airway obstruction and the assessment of the compromised pediatric airway, including clinical evaluation of symptoms, diagnostic endoscopy, and imaging examination. Information on endoscopic techniques used for dealing with different degrees of pediatric airway comprised is provided, also this techniques could diagnose what kinds of airway disorder. For example, determining the a particular laryngeal cleft at the initial otolaryngology encounter, flexible laryngoscopy should be performed. In order to define the extent of any identified cleft, the rigid bronchoscopy should be completed to evaluate for classification of laryngeal cleft including typeⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲa, Ⅲb, Ⅳa, Ⅳb under general anesthesia. The decision to pursue any therapy for the disorders of laryngeal airway in children should be based on the severity of the patient's symptoms, endoscopic and imaging examination. There are two medical treatments including nonsurgical therapy and surgical therapy. For example the laryngeal cleft, approximately half of type 1 and select type 2 patients can be managed entirely with nonsurgical therapy. Medical management is multifaceted. Under recommendations from the feeding team, a modified diet with thickened feeds and possibly altered feeding position should be initiated. Endoscopic surgical repair is the current gold standard for definitive repair of type 1, the majority of type 2, and selected type 3 clefts. Finally, information on new techniques used into the future for dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of laryngeal airway in children in this paper.
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Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Laringe/cirugía , Laringoscopía , Endoscopía , Broncoscopía , Anomalías Congénitas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Voluntary service spirit is highly coupled with medical humanistic spirit. Participating in voluntary service is an important channel for medical students to grow up. There are deficiencies in medical students' voluntary service at the social, school and personal levels. It is of great significance to strengthen the top-level design of all staff, whole process and all-round volunteer service, build a volunteer service platform with distinctive characteristics, normal development and multi benefits, create a "school local co construction" volunteer service brand, select advanced figures in voluntary service for medical students, and establish and improve long-term mechanisms for the operation, incentive and guarantee of voluntary services, thus improving the medical students' awareness of voluntary service, protecting their legitimate rights and interests in the service process, expanding the influence of voluntary service and enhancing the effectiveness of voluntary service.
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The stem cell biology plays an important role in the application and research of the clinical medicine and biology. The breakthrough of the therapies for a variety of human diseases depends on the rapid growth of stem cell biology. It is of great significance to set up graduate curriculum of stem cell biology in the medical college. This article elaborates the design and implementation of the course of Stem Cell Biology including the selection of the teaching materials, design of course outline, teaching content, evaluation methods, teaching introspection and other aspects, thus providing references and communications in this field.
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The standardization of endemic diseases in China has made steady progress during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. This article mainly summarized the current endemic diseases standard system, analyzed the major problems existed in the current endemic diseases standard, and introduced the key tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" of the endemic diseases standard in China. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the work of endemic diseases standardization will be carried out in a targeted manner in accordance with the requirements of the "Planning of Health Standardization during the ′14th Five-Year Plan′ Period" of the National Health Commission, to establish an endemic diseases standard system suitable for China's economic and social development, to help eradicate poverty and consolidate and implement the rural revitalization strategy, promote the full realization of the goal of eliminating endemic diseases in the "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)".
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Cardiac arrest is the fourth stage of sudden cardiac death, which is characterized by the cessation of electrical activity in the heart, rapid circulatory and respiratory failure, and the prognosis is often poor. How to effectively predict cardiac arrest is the key and difficult point in the diagnosis and treatment process. In recent years, the research on the application of early warning scoring system in cardiac arrest has made continuous breakthroughs, from initially formulating a traditional scoring system containing only basic vital signs indicators according to a certain number of samples to continuously increasing and changing indicators, increasing the sample size, and formulating an improved scoring system with better sensitivity and specificity. Nowadays, with the continuous development of electronic information technology, machine learning technology is introduced into the formulation of scoring system, which breaks through the limitations of previous scoring system and has achieved good results in clinic. This article analyzes and compares the relevant research and cutting-edge progress of different early warning scoring systems at home and abroad, and summarizes the research results, gaps and shortcomings. Finally, combined with the relevant policies of graded diagnosis and treatment in China, this paper discusses the development and application direction of cardiac arrest early warning scoring system in the future.
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In recent years, the concept and pathways of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) have been rapidly developed and applied in various specialties, with preliminary exploration and practice in neurosurgery. By summarizing the status quo and forecasting the prospects of ERAS applied in neurosurgery, the clinical practice and related trials need to be promoted on the application of ERAS in neurosurgery in order to provide better care for patients.
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With the technological progress and the unremitting efforts of spinal surgeons， minimally invasive lumbar spine surgery has developed rapidly in this century and has been widely recognized and used by patients and surgeons. However， there is a lack of standardized treatment guidelines for minimally invasive lumbar surgery. Varieties of surgical techniques and treatment strategies mainly rely on training and surgical experiences. This paper reviews the development of minimally invasive lumbar surgery and discusses the future challenges and technical direction in the development of minimally invasive lumbar surgery. We hope that more spinal surgeons can master minimally invasive spinal technology and make more patients benefit from it.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the educational intervention through an informative manual in reducing anxiety, stress, and changes in vital signs in patients awaiting cardiac catheterization. METHODS: Parallel, randomized, controlled, blind clinical trial. The study excluded patients waiting for cardiac catheterization; those who received the information manual were randomized to the intervention group, and those who received routine information from the unit went to the control group. The study used the State Anxiety Inventory and Perceived Stress Scale and the ANOVA test to analyze the outcomes between the groups. Clinical Trials NCT03369873. RESULTS: There was no change concerning time, first and second moment (anxiety, P=0.225; and stress, P=0.696), interaction (anxiety, P=0.183; and stress, P=0.444), or groups, control, and intervention (anxiety, P=0.341; and stress, p=0.624). CONCLUSION: Although the educational intervention performed did not have an impact on the reduction of anxiety and stress, this type of intervention should be maintained for greater comfort and safety of patients and family members.
RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Evaluar efectividad de intervención educativa mediante manual informativo en la reducción de ansiedad, estrés y alteraciones de signos vitales en pacientes que aguardaban cateterismo cardíaco. MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico paralelo, aleatorio, controlado, ciego. Incluidos pacientes que aguardaban cateterismo cardíaco; los que recibieron el manual informativo fueron randomizados al grupo intervención; y los que recibieron informaciones rutinarias de la unidad, al grupo control. Utilizados Inventario de Ansiedad-Estado y Escala de Estrés Percibido. Realizada prueba ANOVA para análisis de desfechos entre los grupos. Clinical Trials NCT03369873. RESULTADOS: No hubo alteración en relación al tiempo, primer y segundo momento (ansiedad, p=0,225; y estrés, p=0,696), interacción (ansiedad, p=0,183; y estrés, p=0,444) o grupos, control e intervención (ansiedad, p=0,341; y estrés, p=0,624). CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque la intervención educativa realizada no tenga presentado impacto en la reducción de ansiedad y estrés, ese tipo de intervención debe ser mantenido, para mayor comodidad y seguridad de pacientes y familias.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade da intervenção educativa mediante manual informativo na redução da ansiedade, estresse e alterações dos sinais vitais em pacientes que aguardavam o cateterismo cardíaco. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico paralelo, randômico, controlado, cego. Incluíram-se pacientes que aguardavam o cateterismo cardíaco; os que receberam o manual informativo foram randomizados para o grupo-intervenção; e os que receberam informações rotineiras da unidade, para o grupo controle. Utilizaram-se Inventário de Ansiedade-Estado e Escala de Estresse Percebido. Realizou-se teste ANOVA para análise dos desfechos entre os grupos. Clinical Trials NCT03369873. RESULTADOS: Não houve alteração em relação ao tempo, primeiro e segundo momento (ansiedade, p=0,225; e estresse, p=0,696), interação (ansiedade, p=0,183; e estresse, p=0,444) ou grupos, controle e intervenção (ansiedade, p=0,341; e estresse, p=0,624). CONCLUSÃO: Embora a intervenção educativa realizada não tenha apresentado impacto na redução da ansiedade e estresse, esse tipo de intervenção deve ser mantido, para maior conforto e segurança dos pacientes e familiares.