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Resumen Introducción: El consumo de vegetales y frutas a nivel global está por debajo de lo recomendado, incidiendo sobre la prevalencia de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles a corto y largo plazo. Además de factores ambientales, las prácticas maternas influyen sobre los patrones alimentarios de hijos e hijas. Métodos: Se aplicaron cuestionarios a 727 madres con hijos/hijas de 7 meses a 7 años de edad, en 12 Centros de Atención Primaria de Salud en las ciudades capitales de Tucumán, Santiago del Estero y Jujuy, Argentina. La ingesta de vegetales y frutas se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de Dieta para Niños (CDQ por sus siglas en inglés) y se evaluó su asociación con prácticas maternas en 3 dominios conceptuales, rol modélico, accesibilidad, y socialización de esos alimentos en el hogar. Con regresión simple se analizaron 11 prácticas en forma separada, y con regresión multivariada una variable compuesta por la sumatoria de las 11 prácticas. Resultados: El 86% de niños/niñas tenía un bajo consumo de vegetales y frutas. Cada una de las 11 prácticas alimentarias mostró una asociación significativa con el consumo (beta 0.6 a 1.8). Sin embargo, la sumatoria de las distintas prácticas, su utilización en forma combinada, mostró un mayor efecto (beta 3.9). Cercanía a locales de venta y costo también estaban asociados significativamente con el consumo. Conclusión: Los resultados informan sobre estrategias para promover el consumo de vegetales y frutas, que pueden aplicarse en el contexto del hogar no requieren de recursos complejos y pueden in corporarse a programas de educación para la salud a nivel comunitario.
Abstract Introduction: Global consumption of vegetables and fruits is currently below recommendations, im pacting the prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases. In addition to environmental factors, mothers' feeding practices influence children's eating patterns. Methods: Questionnaires were conducted with mothers of children 7 months to 7 years of age (n = 727), in 12 Primary Health Care Centers in the capital cities of three Argentine provinces. Fruit and vegetable consumption was evaluated with the Children's Dietary Questionnaire (CDQ). We tested the association with maternal feeding practices distributed across three domains: role model ing, accessibility, and socialization of the products in the home. We tested 11 practices separately and a vari able summing the 11 practices. Results: The majority of children (86%) had low fruit and vegetable intake. In regression models, each of the 11 practices showed a significant association with children's fruit and vegetable intake (beta 0,6-1,8). However, the variable testing the sum of the 11 practices showed a larger association parameter with intake, even in multiple regression (beta 3,9). Proximity of sale points and cost of products also showed a significant association with intake. Conclusion: Results provide information on home based strategies to promote children's fruit and vegetable intake that do not require complex resources and can be incorporated into community health education programs.
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@#Role modeling is a strategy used to teach attitudes and behaviors. It is a modality that may be consciously and unconsciously executed by the role model. This concept is used interchangeably with mentoring. Thus, requires further clarification and understanding. The Walker and Avant method was adopted as the main tool of analysis in understanding this concept. The identified antecedents of role modeling are the role of aspirants’ ideals and perspectives and the role models' experiences. The attributes that have emerged are facilitating learning, embodiment, inspiring, transforming, reinforcing, connecting, and caring. The consequences are transforming, reinforcing motivation and goals, and the conception of new role models. This implies that role modeling is a cyclical and interactive process. It is continuously constructed both by the role aspirants and role models. Nurse educators, staff nurses, and managers act as the primary role model of neophyte nurses. Thus, they should remain cognizant in their practice. The way they interact with their subordinates greatly influences their role aspirants' motives and ideals, who will later assume the responsibilities of a future role model.
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Background: It is unknown if medical education is preparing physicians to successfully work at primary health care settings. Aim: To explore what are the perceptions of faculty members and students about the type of physician needed and if medical education is coherent with the practice of primary health care. Material and Methods: Fifteen semi-structured interviews to key informants from faculty members and ten focus groups with students were carried out. Results: Important influences of role modelling and hidden curriculum were found, especially in relation to the type of physician needed, generalist or specialist, and in relation to the places where the clinical practices were done. Although primary health care was declared in the profiles, most of clinical practices were done at hospitals and supervised by specialists. Working at primary health care is seen as a temporary work, not valued by professionals nor by the society. Conclusions: Medical Schools are not preparing professionals for primary health care but for hospital care and specialized medicine.
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Teacher is called as the engineer of human souls,and the guide for college students' growth,medical teachers' level of professional ethics has a direct impact on the quality of medical talents.To cope with the moral imbalance in the new economic interests,ideological and moral construction should be strengthened and a Chinese characterized system of teachers' professional ethics constructed.Teachers should be promote their function of role modeling,and cultivate their morality of "self discipline".Autonomic moral self-discipline should be strengthened,while the heteronomous role of morality further developed.