Self-perceived body image, dissatisfaction with body weight and nutritional status of Brazilian adolescents: a nationwide study / Auto-imagem corporal, insatisfação com o peso corporal e estado nutricional deadolescentes brasileiros: um estudo nacional

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agreement and risk factors for underestimation and overestimation between nutritional status and self-perceived body image and to assess the prevalence and associated factors for dissatisfaction with body weight among Brazilian adolescents. Methods Students aged 12-17 years participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents ("ERICA"), a multicenter, cross-sectional, school-based country-wide study, were included (n = 71,740). Variables assessed as covariates were sex, age, skin color, socioeconomic status, and common mental disorders (screened by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12). Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the association between covariates and combinations between self-perceived body image and body mass index (agreement, underestimation and overestimation). The associations between dissatisfaction with body weight and exposure variables were investigated using multivariable Poisson regression models. Results Approximately 66% students rightly matched their body mass index with self-perceived weight (kappa coefficient was 0.38 for boys and 0.35 for girls). Agreement was higher among younger students and adolescents from low income households. Male sex, older age, and GHQ-12 score ≥3 were associated with weight overestimation. Prevalence of dissatisfaction with body weight was 45.0% (95% CI: 44.0-46.0), and higher among girls, older adolescents, those with underweight or overweight/obesity, as well as those who were physically inactive and with GHQ-12 ≥3. Conclusions Most of the sample rightly self-perceived their body image according to body mass index. Students with body image misperception and those dissatisfied with their weight were more likely to present a positive screening for common mental disorders.

Resumo Objetivos A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a concordância e os fatores de risco para subestimação e superestimação entre o estado nutricional e a autoimagem corporal e para avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à insatisfação com o peso corporal entre adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos Foram incluídos estudantes entre 12 e 17 anos que participavam do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes ("ERICA"), um estudo multicêntrico, transversal, nacional e de base escolar (n = 71.740). As variáveis analisadas como covariáveis foram sexo, idade, cor da pele, situação socioeconômica e transtornos mentais comuns (triados pelo Questionário de Saúde Geral, QSG-12). A regressão logística multinomial foi usada para explorar a associação entre as covariáveis e as combinações entre a autoimagem corporal e o índice de massa corporal (concordância, subestimação e superestimação). As associações entre a insatisfação com o peso corporal e as variáveis de exposição foram investigadas com os modelos multivariáveis de regressão de Poisson. Resultados Aproximadamente 66% dos estudantes associaram corretamente seu índice de massa corporal com o peso autopercebido (o coeficiente kappa foi 0,38 para meninos e 0,35 para meninas). A concordância foi maior entre jovens e adolescentes de baixa renda. Sexo masculino, adolescentes mais velhos e um escore QSG 12 ≥ 3 foram associados à superestimação do peso. A prevalência de insatisfação com o peso corporal foi 45,0% (IC de 95%: 44,0-46,0), maior entre meninas, adolescentes mais velhos, aqueles abaixo do peso ou com sobrepeso/obesidade, fisicamente inativos e com QSG-12 ≥ 3. Conclusões A maior parte da amostra associou corretamente sua imagem corporal de acordo com o índice de massa corporal. Estudantes com distorção da autoimagem corporal e aqueles insatisfeitos com seu peso foram mais propensos a apresentar rastreamento positivo para transtornos mentais comuns.

Body self-perception in age school children with Down Syndrome / Autopercepção corporal em crianças com Síndrome de Down (SD) em idade escolar

INTRODUCTION: The notion of body or body perception is of great importance in the development of motor skills and functionality. In atypical development situations, as in the case of Down syndrome (DS) there is a delay in the development and motor skills are compromised, which possibly is reflected in the quality of body self-perception in children with DSOBJECTIVE: To assess the characteristics of body self-perception in school age children with DSMETHODS: This is an exploratory and descriptive study involving 10 children aged between seven and nine years. To assess body perception, it was used the Body Notion factor from the Psychomotor Battery (BPM). Data analysis was performed qualitatively and quantitatively according to the criteria established by the instruments and the researchersRESULTS: The participants' performance regarding the notion of body was not related to their age. The right and left discrimination capability was the body notion sub-factor with the worst performance and the self-image was the sub-factor with the best performance. The drawings of the human figure were split into two categories: unidentifiable (Class A, n = 8) and recognizable (Class B, n = 2CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the self-perception of children with Down Syndrome analyzed in this study has a strong relationship with the body and environmental stimuli together with psychomotor and cognitive development, which, however, does not coincide with their chronological age

INTRODUÇÃO: A noção de corpo ou percepção corporal está estreitamente relacionada ao desenvolvimento da motricidade e, por conseguinte, da funcionalidade. Em situações de desenvolvimento atípico, como no caso da Síndrome de Down (SD) há um atraso no desenvolvimento e as aquisições motoras são comprometidas, o que possivelmente reflete-se na qualidade da autopercepção corporal de crianças com SDOBJETIVO: Avaliar as características da autopercepção corporal em crianças com Síndrome de DownMÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, abrangendo 10 crianças com idades entre sete e nove anos. Para a avaliação da percepção corporal, utilizou-se o fator Noção de corpo da Bateria Psicomotora (BPM). A análise dos dados foi realizada qualitativa e quantitativamente de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelos instrumentos e pelos pesquisadoresRESULTADOS: O desempenho dos participantes quanto à noção de corpo não apresentou relação com sua idade. A capacidade de discriminação de direita e esquerda foi o subfator de noção de corpo com o pior desempenho e a autoimagem, o subfator no qual os participantes tiveram o melhor desempenho. Os desenhos da figura humana dividiram-se em duas categorias: irreconhecíveis (classe A, n= 8) e reconhecíveis (classe B, n=2CONCLUSÃO: A autopercepção corporal das crianças com Síndrome de Down apresenta relação com os estímulos corporais e ambientais em conjunto com o desenvolvimento psicomotor e cognitivo, que, no entanto, não coincide com o desenvolvimento que ocorre cronologicamente

Analysis of Weight Control Behaviors by Body Image Perception among Korean Women in Different Age Groups: Using the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: Self perceived body image among women is drawing a lot of attention in Korea due to their unhealthy weight control behaviors. To determine the relationship between self-perceived body image and dietary behaviors among Korean women, the discrepancy between actual body size and body image perception, weight control behaviors were assessed based on age groups using the 2010 KNHANES data. METHODS: A total of 1,747 subjects were selected after eliminating those of likely changing their diet recently using the 2010 KNHANES data. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, self-underweight, self-normal, and self-obese according to their perception of body image. The BMI and weight control behaviors were assessed based on age groups according to the body image perception. RESULTS: The younger, the higher ratio of underweight, women perceived their body size as normal or overweight. Exercise and reduced food intakes were dominant among various weight control methods but unhealthy methods were dominant among self perceived overweight group. CONCLUSIONS: Incorrect body image perception and unhealthy weight control behaviors can cause nutritional problems. Nutritional education should emphasize the importance of healthy weight and proper body image perception for Korean women.