Eficiencia del sueño en la polisomnografía nivel II de pacientes ambulatorios y hospitalizados / Sleep efficiency in level II polysomnography of hospitalized and outpatients

Resumen:La polisomnografía sin supervisión técnica en tiempo real (estudio de sueño de nivel II) ha sido descripta como una prueba con adecuada calidad de señales neurológicas y respiratorias. Comparamos eficiencia y calidad de sueño en pacientes hospitalizados y en el laboratorio de sueño. El estudio fue retrospectivo, en una muestra consecutiva de recolección sistemática basada en polisomnografía nivel II. Incluimos 486 pacientes; 156 hospitalizados y 330 ambulatorios; 94 hombres (60.2%) vs. 181 (55%); edad: 67.5 ± 12.8 vs. 59.3 ± 14.7 años, p < 0.001; índice de masa corporal (kg/m2): 29.5 ± 6.3 vs. 29.7 ± 6.3, p: 0.8. El índice de apneas e hipopneas por hora de sueño (IAH en ev/h) fue: 20.8 (8.3-42.5) vs. 12.1 (4.8-26.23), p < 0.01, apneas obstructivas del sueño (AOS) leve: 30 (19.2%) vs.104 (31.5%) p < 0.05 y AOS grave 62 (37.2%) vs. 64 (18.9%), p < 0.0001. La población hospitalizada mostró mayor gravedad por IAH (p < 0.01). El tiempo total de sueño y la eficiencia media (%) fueron menores en hospitalizados; 231 minutos vs. 304, p < 0.0001 y 63.7 vs. 76.8, p < 0.001. Una escasa proporción tuvo una eficiencia normal (> 80% de tiempo total de sueño), siendo mayor en ambulatorios: 41.5 vs. 22.5 p < 0.001. Finalmente, en aquellos con tiempo total de sueño > 3 horas, la eficiencia (%) fue menor en hospitalizados; 73.3 (60.8-82.1) vs. 78.5 (67.1-86.2), p < 0.01. En pacientes hospitalizados la calidad y eficiencia de sueño fueron menores con escasa proporción de pacientes que duermen cuatro horas durante la polisomnografía.

Abstract:Sleep efficiency in level II polysomnography of hospitalized and outpatients. Polysomnography without real-time technical supervision (sleep test level II) has been described with adequate quality of neurological and respiratory signals. We compare the efficiency and quality of sleep in hospitalized patients and in the sleep laboratory. The study was retrospective, in a consecutive sample of systematic collection based on PSG level II. We include 486 patients: 156 hospitalized and 330 outpatients; 94 men (60.2%) vs. 181 (55%); age: 67.5 ± 12.8 vs. 59.3 ± 14.7 years, p < 0.001; body mass index (kg/m2): 29.5 ± 6.3 vs. 29.7 ± 6.3, p: 0.8. The rate of apneas and hypopneas per sleep hour (AHI in ev/h) was: 20.8 (8.3-42.5) vs. 12.1 (4.8-26.23), p < 0.01; mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): 30 (19.2%) vs. 104 (31.5%) p < 0.05 and severe OSA: 62 (37.2%) vs. 64 (18.9%), p <0.0001. The hospitalized population showed greater severity by AHI (p < 0.01). Total sleep time and mean efficiency (%) were lower in hospitalized: 231 minutes vs. 304, p < 0.0001 and 63.7 vs. 76.8, p < 0.001. A small proportion had a normal efficiency (> 80% of total sleep time), being higher in outpatients: 41.5 vs. 22.5 p < 0.001. Finally, in those with total sleep time > 3 hours, the efficiency (%) was lower in hospitalized: 73.3 (60.8-82.1) vs. 78.5 (67.1-86.2), p < 0.01. In hospitalized patients the quality and efficiency of sleep were lower with a small proportion of patients sleeping four hours during a polysomnography test.

Descriptive study on sleep quality and its associated factors among elderly in urban population: Chidambaram

Background: Population aging is a major health issue in most countries, sleep is one of the significant factors affecting aging and elderly people’s quality of life. The present study was done to assess sleep quality and its contributing factors among elderly people.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on 227 elderly people aged fifty five or more participants were selected from the urban field practice area Chidambaram. Data collection tools were a demographic questionnaire, pittsburg sleep quality index and five point depression scale. The collected data were entered into SPSS software (V-22) and analysed using chi-square test at the significance level of less than 0.5.Results: Among 227 elderly people most of them were between the age group of 55 to 60 years (44.9%) and majority of them were females (59%), literacy (69.6%) married (60.5%), house wives (43.6%). Among the population 34.8% had their PSQI value <5 which suggest good sleep quality and whereas 65.2% had PSQI ?5 suggesting poor sleep quality.Conclusions: The finding of their study indicates that elderly population in this area, have a fairly good quality. The most important factors contributing to their sleep quality are gender, dependency in doing daily activities, other health problems, marital status and their habitual sleep efficiency.

Sleep, activity and fatigue reported by Postgraduate Year 1 residents: a prospective cohort study comparing the effects of night float versus the traditional overnight on-call system

INTRODUCTION@#As the traditional overnight call system was shown to contribute to fatigue, Singapore implemented a shift system in 2014. We aimed to compare activity levels, sleep (using a wrist actigraph), fatigue and professional quality of life between residents working on night float and those on overnight calls.@*METHODS@#All Postgraduate Year 1 (PGY1) residents at our institution were invited to participate. Participants were required to wear a wrist actigraph for four months and complete two validated surveys (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] and Professional Quality of Life [ProQOL] scale) once each at the start and end of the study.@*RESULTS@#49 residents were recruited. Night float and on-call residents showed a comparable median (range) number of steps (10,061 [1,195-15,923] vs. 10,649 [308-21,910]; p = 0.429), amount of sleep logged (361 [149-630] minutes vs. 380 [175-484] minutes; p = 0.369) and time taken to fall asleep (6 [0-14] minutes vs. 6 [range 0-45] minutes; p = 0.726), respectively. Night float residents had less efficient sleep, with 90.5% having sleep efficiency of over 85% compared to 100% of on-call residents (p = 0.127). More night float residents reported ESS scores > 10 (73.1% vs. 38.5%) and higher burnout scores on ProQOL scale (41.4% vs. 21.4%) at the start of the study. However, this was similar to the end of the study and not statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#Physical activity and amount of sleep were not significantly different between night float and on-call residents. Residents on night float reported comparatively more fatigue and burnout.

Sleep Irregularity in the Previous Week Influences the First-Night Effect in Polysomnographic Studies

OBJECTIVE: The first-night effect is a well-known phenomenon resulting from an individual's maladaptation to the unfamiliar environment of a sleep laboratory. However, there have been no direct reports of the effect of previous sleep patterns on the first-night effect. We aimed to investigate the effect the previous week's sleep pattern on the first-night effect. METHODS: Twenty-four young, healthy, male participants completed the study procedure. During one week prior to study, the participants kept sleep diaries and wore actigraphs to identify sleep-wake pattern. Two consecutive nights of polysomnography were conducted after that. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were applied to compare sleep variables of the two nights. Variance (standard deviation) of sleep onset time during the previous week was used as an index of irregularity. A Kendall's ranked correlation analysis and a linear regression test were applied to detect correlation between sleep irregularity and the first-night effect measured by polysomnography. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the values of sleep efficiency (p=0.011) and wake after sleep onset (WASO) (p=0.006) between the two nights. Sleep efficiency was lower and WASO was higher on the first night as compared to the second night. Sleep irregularity in the previous week was negatively correlated with sleep efficiency (p<0.001) of the first night, but was not significantly correlated with any other sleep parameters. CONCLUSION: We replicated the existence of the first-night effect commonly observed in sleep studies. Sleep irregularity in the previous week may influence the first-night effect in polysomnographic studies.