Study of anxiety in patients with glaucoma undergoing standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography - A prospective comparative study

Purpose: To compare the anxiety levels related to visual field testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with glaucoma. Methods: This prospective, comparative study was conducted on patients with glaucoma. The participants’ anxiety traits were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]. Before visual field testing on Humphrey visual field analyzer (HVF) and retinal nerve fiber analysis on OCT, the participants completed Form Y1 to measure the current pretest level or ‘State’ anxiety [pretest anxiety]. Immediately after testing, participants were administered the Form Y1 questionnaire to assess the induced anxiety level during the testing [Intratest anxiety]. Results: A total of 228 patients were enrolled with 152 participants in the HVF group and 76 in the OCT group. The mean age of the participants in the HVF group was 57.2 ± 20.8 years and in the OCT group was 56.8 ± 20 years. There was no significant difference in trait and pretest anxiety between the HVF group and the OCT group (P = 0.971 and P = 0.716). Intratest test anxiety score was slightly higher in the HVF group (HVF: 42.13 ± 10.63, OCT: 40.71 ± 9.76; P = 0.33). The anxiety scores were higher when the experience of previous HVF tests was <2 and least when the number of tests exceeded five. Conclusion: Automated perimetry induces slightly more anxiety than OCT, which may affect test performance. The measured anxiety reduces as patients gain familiarity with the test with experience. This adds credence to the recommendation of more frequent visual field testing in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients

The relation between preoperative anxiety and awareness during anesthesia: an observational study / Relação entre ansiedade pré-operatória e consciência durante a anestesia: estudo observacional

Abstract Background: Anxiety is a state of worry caused by the anticipation of external or internal danger. Awareness During Anesthesia (ADA) is an unexpected memory recall during anesthesia. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors that affect preoperative anxiety and observe the incidence of ADA, as well as to determine the anxiety levels of these patients with a history of ADA. Methods: This study was planned to be prospective, observational, and cross-sectional. Patients in whom septoplasty was planned, who was admitted to the anesthesiology outpatients between March 2018 and September 2018, were ASA I-II, and aged 18-70 years were included in the study. The demographic characteristics of patients were recorded. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to determine anxiety during a preoperative evaluation. The modified Brice awareness score was used simultaneously to determine previous ADA. Results: The anxiety scores of patients who were conscious during anesthesia were higher than other patients. The mean STAI score was 40.85 ± 14.8 in the 799 patients who met the inclusion criteria of this study. When the anxiety scores were compared, the scores were higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The mean STAI score was found as 40.3 ± 13.8 in patients who dreamed during anesthesia. Conclusion: It is important to determine the anxiety levels of patients in the preoperative period to prevent the associated complications. Preoperative anxiety, besides preventing ADA, should be dealt with in a multidisciplinary manner. ADA should be carefully questioned while evaluating previous anesthesia experiences.

Resumo Justificativa: A ansiedade é um estado de preocupação causado pela expectativa de perigo externo ou interno. Consciência durante a anestesia (CDA) é a evocação imprevista da memória de eventos intranestésicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os fatores que afetam a ansiedade pré-operatória, a incidência de CDA e os níveis de ansiedade nos pacientes com antecedente de CDA. Método: O estudo foi planificado como prospectivo, observacional e transversal. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes programados para septoplastia eletiva, admitidos ao ambulatório de anestesiologia entre Março de 2018 e Setembro de 2018, com classe funcional ASA I-II e faixa etária entre 18 e 70 anos. As características demográficas dos pacientes foram registradas. O Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) foi utilizado para determinar a ansiedade durante a avaliação pré-operatória. Simultaneamente, o escore de consciência de Brice modificado foi usado para determinar CDA anterior. Resultados: Os escores de ansiedade dos pacientes que apresentaram CDA foram mais elevados do que de outros pacientes. A pontuação média do IDATE foi 40,85±14,8 nos 799 pacientes que obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão do estudo. Quando os escores de ansiedade foram comparados, foram maiores no sexo feminino do que no masculino (p < 0,05). O escore médio do IDATE encontrado foi 40,3±13,8 nos pacientes que relataram sonhos durante a anestesia. Conclusão: É importante determinar no pré-operatório os níveis de ansiedade dos pacientes para evitar as complicações associadas. Ansiedade pré-operatória e a prevenção de CDA devem ser tratadas com abordagem multiprofissional. A CDA deve ser cuidadosamente investigada, avaliando-se as experiências vividas pelo paciente em anestesias pregressas.

Chronotype and anxiety are associated in patients with chronic primary insomnia

Objective: To assess the interaction of chronotype with anxiety in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Methods: Sixty-four patients (50 women) with mean age 43.9±8.1 years were investigated with the Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: Significant negative correlations of chronotype-MEQ score with STAI state-anxiety (r = -0.40, p < 0.05), STAI trait-anxiety (r = -0.40, p < 0.05), and STAI pre-sleep state anxiety (r = -0.30, p < 0.05) were observed. Eveningness preference was associated with higher trait, state, and pre-sleep state anxiety. Conclusions: These results suggest that chronotype may be an important parameter to identifying the origin and significance of a vicious anxiety-insomnia-depression cycle in patients with chronic primary insomnia.

The Impact of Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo on State-Trait Anxiety / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the anxiety condition of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and the relationship among the different genders, ages and education levels and anxiety.Methods The general information and a history of 58 patients diagnosed as BPPV were studied.State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was adopted to 58 cases of BPPV and compared with the Chinese standard norm.SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results There was no significant difference in trait anxiety (T-AI) score (Pm:0.539;Pf:0.924) between male and female patients with BPPV and the 1998 Chinese male and female norm.The S-AI scores were significantly higher in male and female BPPV patients than that in Chinese men and women norm scores (Pm:0.033;Pf:0.01).There was no significant difference in trait anxiety (T-AI) score (P:0.674;P:0.349;P:0.077) between patients with different genders, ages and education levels.There was significant difference in state anxiety (S-AI) score (P:0.046;P:0.02;P:0.035) between patients with different genders, ages and education levels.The anxiety degrees of BPPV in man, elderly people, higher degree of education were higher than those of in woman, young and middle-age, lower degree of education.Conclusion The patients with BPPV have anxiety condition, but there is no obvious anxiety potential in T-AI.The anxiety degree of BPPV in man, elderly people, higher degree of education was higher than those of in woman, young and middle-age, lower degree of education.Therefore, the correct psychological assessment and psychological intervention were required throughout the whole course of BPPV treatment and rehabilitation.

Knowledge,attitude and anxiety pertaining to basic life support and medical emergencies among dental interns in Mangalore City,India / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and anxiety pertaining to basic life support (BLS) and medical emergencies among interns in dental colleges of Mangalore city, Karnataka, India. METHODS:The study subjects comprised of interns who volunteered from the four dental col eges. The knowledge and attitude of interns were assessed using a 30-item questionnaire prepared based on the Basic Life Support Manual from American Heart Association and the anxiety of interns pertaining to BLS and medical emergencies were assessed using a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Questionnaire. Chi-square test was performed on SPSS 21.0 (IBM Statistics, 2012) to determine statistical y significant differences (P<0.05) between assessed knowledge and anxiety. RESULTS:Out of 183 interns, 39.89％ had below average knowledge. A total of 123 (67.21％) reported unavailability of professional training. The majority (180, 98.36％) felt the urgent need of training in basic life support procedures. Assessment of stress showed a total of 27.1％ participants to be above high-stress level. Comparison of assessed knowledge and stress was found to be insignificant (P=0.983). CONCLUSION:There was an evident lack of knowledge pertaining to the management of medical emergencies among the interns. As oral health care providers moving out to the society, a focus should be placed on the training of dental interns with respect to Basic Life Support procedures.

Anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia: reducing the items on state anxiety in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-form X

BACKGROUND: It is important to evaluate preoperative anxiety and prepare sedation when performing dental surgery under local anesthesia. Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is useful for predicting preoperative anxiety. State anxiety is defined as a subjective feeling of nervousness. Reduction in the number of the state anxiety items (questions) will be clinically important in allowing us to predict anxiety more easily. METHODS: We analyzed the STAI responses from 1,252 patients who visited our institution to undergo dental surgery under local anesthesia. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted for 9 groups comprising anxiety level determinations using the STAI; we then developed a coefficient of determination and a regression formula. We searched for a group satisfying the largest number of requirements for regression expression while setting any necessary conditions for accurately predicting anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia. RESULTS: The regression expression from the group determined as normal for preoperative state anxiety was deemed the most suitable for predicting preoperative anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to reduce the number of items in the STAI by focusing on “Preoperative anxiety before dental surgery.”

Asociación entre la ansiedad materna y el parto pretérmino en Lima, Perú / Association between maternal anxiety and preterm delivery in Lima, Peru

Introducción: el parto pretérmino se define como el parto antes de las 37 semanas. Se han establecido diversos factores desencadenantes, entre los cuales se encuentra la ansiedad. En Perú se han realizado pocos estudios en relación con el tema. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la ansiedad materna durante el tercer trimestre de embarazo y el desarrollo de parto pretérmino. Métodos: estudio de tipo cohorte prospectiva realizado en un hospital público de Lima-Perú, que incluyó a 247 gestantes (enero de 2014 a enero de 2015). Se evaluó a gestantes entre las semanas 28 y 35 de embarazo, durante la visita prenatal. Los datos perinatales se obtuvieron del libro de partos y de la historia clínica materna. El instrumento utilizado para medir la ansiedad fue la encuesta State Trait Anxiety Inventori (STAI). El análisis de datos se realizó mediante STATA versión 11.1. Resultados: la mediana de edad de las participantes fue 27, 68,1 por ciento fueron convivientes y 58 por ciento tuvieron secundaria completa. Se encontró una incidencia de parto pretérmino de 11,6 por ciento. En el análisis multivariado ajustado, se encontró un riesgo relativo de 1,23 (IC 95 por ciento: 0,57-2,65) para ansiedad de estado y un riesgo relativo de 0,97 (IC 95 por ciento: 0,45-2,06) para ansiedad de rasgo. En el análisis bivariado se encontró una asociación significativa con preeclampsia. Conclusión: Se recomienda realizar más estudios longitudinales para establecer mejor la asociación ansiedad materna - parto pretérmino(AU)

Introduction: preterm delivery is defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestational age. Several triggering factors have been established, anxiety being one of them. Few studies on the subject have been conducted in Peru. Objective: determine the association between maternal anxiety during the third trimester of pregnancy and preterm delivery. Methods: a prospective cohort study was conducted at a public hospital in Lima, Peru, from January 2014 to January 2015. The study sample consisted of 247 pregnant women of 28-35 weeks of pregnancy. Evaluation was performed during prenatal visits. Perinatal data were obtained from the labor and delivery registry and the patients' medical records. The tool used to measure anxiety was the survey State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Data were analyzed with STATA version 11,1. Results: mean age of participants was 27 years; 68,1 percent cohabitated with their partners, and 58 percent had completed high school. Preterm delivery had an incidence of 11,6 percent. Adjusted multivariate analysis revealed a relative risk of 1,23 (95 percent CI 0,57-2,65) for state anxiety and ,.97 (95 percent CI 0,45-2,06) for trait anxiety. Bivariate analysis found a significant association with preeclampsia. Conclusion: anxiety during the third trimester of pregnancy was found to be a risk factor for preterm delivery. It is recommended to perform other longitudinal studies to more clearly determine the association between maternal anxiety and preterm delivery(AU)

The Influence of Olfactory Stimulation by Essential Oils on Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity and State Anxiety Level / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

It is considered that olfactory stimulation by fragrance inhalation is one of the methods of relaxation. We examined the possibility by using fragrance inhalation essential oils, such as sweet orange oil and peppermint oil. We measured salivary alpha-amylase activity and state anxiety levels in undergraduate students before and after inhalation. Salivary alpha-amylase activity levels have been utilized to assess the sympathetic nervous activity.<br> Our results indicate that both salivary alpha-amylase activity and state anxiety levels are significantly reduced after fragrance inhalation of the sweet orange oil. Consequently, our research suggests that sweet orange essential oil has a relaxation effect.<br>

Sedative methods used during extraction of wisdom teeth in patients with a high level of dental anxiety

INTRODUCTION: Intravenous sedation is performed to ensure smooth and safe surgery. Dental anxiety is a reaction to an unknown danger. The Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) can be used to simultaneously evaluate the levels of state and trait anxiety. State anxiety is defined as subjective feelings of nervousness. This study assessed the presurgical anxiety using STAI and performed intravenous sedation for patients whose level of state anxiety was > stage IV. Based on our clinical experience, it is believed that higher doses of sedatives are needed to induce the desired levels of sedation in patients with a high level of state anxiety. OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether the sedative consumption of the patient with a high anxiety level increased. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with state anxiety scores of > or =51 were included in Group V, and those with state anxiety scores ranging from 42 to 50 were placed in Group IV. To induce sedation, intravenous access was established, and a bolus dose of 3.0 mg midazolam was administered intravenously. Sedation was maintained by administering a continuous infusion of propofol, which was aimed at achieving an Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale of 10-12/20. In this study, midazolam was initially administered when the body movements appeared to occur or the blood pressure increased. This was followed by the administration of higher doses of propofol if low sedation was observed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the patient demographics, duration of sedation, and doses of local anaesthetic agents between Groups IV and V. The midazolam dose and mean propofol dose needed to maintain comparable levels of sedation were significantly higher in Group V than in Group IV. CONCLUSION: In female patients, whose level of preoperative state anxiety is more than Stage V of STAI, a large quantity of sedatives is needed for intravenous sedation.

Ansiedade dos estudantes diante da expectativa do exame vestibular / La ansiedad de los estudiantes ante la expectativa del examen de ingresso a la universidad / The anxiety of students at the expectation of attending colleges' entrance examination

O presente estudo investigou a ansiedade dos jovens estudantes de escolas particulares de um estado do Brasil em relação ao exame vestibular. A amostra foi composta por 124 estudantes do ensino médio participantes do vestibular seriado PISM (Processo de Ingresso Seletivo Misto), sendo 66 do gênero feminino e 58 do gênero masculino, 69 alunos do 1º ano do ensino médio e 55 do 3º ano. Os estudantes responderam a um questionário socio-demográfico e ao Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) na suas próprias salas de aula. Foi observada uma diferença significativa quanto ao gênero (p=0,036) sendo que foi encontrado um maior nível de ansiedade-estado nas mulheres do 1º ano comparativamente aos rapazes do 1ºano (p=0,004). O mesmo resultado foi encontrado com relação a ansiedade-traço: moças do 1º ano são mais ansiosas do que rapazes do 1º ano (p=0,000).

This study investigated the anxiety of private schools students at the expectation of attending colleges' entrance examination in one Brazilian state. The sample consisted of 124 high school students participating in the PISM series of examination (Joint Selective Admission Process). They were 66 females and 58 males, 69 students from the 1st year and 55 from the 3rd year. Students answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in their respective classrooms. A significant difference regarding gender (p=0.036) was found, women from the 1st year presented higher levels of state-anxiety compared to men from the 1st year (p=0.004). The same result was found with respect to the trait-anxiety, women from the 1st year were more anxious than men from the 1st year (p=0.000).

Este estudio investigo la ansiedad de los estudiantes en las escuelas privadas en un estado de Brasil en el examen de ingreso. La muestra fuese compuesta de 124 estudiantes de la escuela secundaria participantes del PISM (Proceso de Admision Comun), siendo 66 mujeres e 58 hombres, 69 alumnos del 1er ano de escuela secundaria y 55 del 3er ano. Los estudiantes respondieron a un cuestionario socio-demografico y al Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (IDATE), en sus propias aulas. Hubo una diferencia significativa en relacion con el genero (p=0,036) que se encontro un mayor nivel de ansiedad estado en el 1er ano de las mujeres en comparacion con los hombres del 1er ano (p = 0,004). El mismo resultado se encontro con respecto a la ansiedad-rasgo: las mujeres de 1er ano son mas ansiosas que los hombres del 1er ano (p=0,000).