Corticoides sistémicos en el tratamiento de la radiodermitis grave: una serie de casos / Systemic corticoids in the treatment of severe radiodermitis: a series of cases

Introducción: la radiodermitis es uno de los efectos secundarios más frecuentes de la radioterapia y afecta aproximadamente al 95% de los pacientes que la reciben. La radiodermitis aguda se presenta dentro de los 90 días posteriores al inicio del tratamiento, tiene un profundo impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y puede ser la causa de la interrupción prematura de la radioterapia. Su tratamiento es complejo y el papel de los corticoides sistémicos en él aún no ha sido evaluado. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de 6 pacientes mayores de 18 años con radiodermitis grave, tratados con corticoides sistémicos al no responder a la terapia tópica inicial. Hubo un seguimiento de 6 meses, entre el 1 de junio de 2019 y el 30 de mayo de 2020, en el Servicio de Dermatología de un hospital de alta complejidad. Resultados: se indicó tratamiento con corticoides sistémicos en dosis de meprednisona 40 mg/día o equivalentes, durante 5 días, con resolución completa del cuadro en un período máximo de 15 días. Discusión: en la bibliografía no hemos encontrado trabajos científicos que comuniquen o evalúen la utilidad de los corticoides sistémicos en la radiodermitis grave. Proponemos, entonces, demostrar su utilidad en esta patología. Conclusión: el objetivo de este trabajo es comunicar nuestra experiencia en pacientes con radiodermitis aguda grave, con gran repercusión en el estado general, que evolucionaron con una rápida resolución del cuadro y un adecuado manejo sintomático, mediante el uso de corticoides sistémicos. (AU)

Introduction: radiodermitis is one of the most frequent side effects of radiotherapy and affects approximately 95% of the patients who receive it. Acute radiodermitis occurs within 90 days after the start of treatment, has a profound impact on the quality of life of patients and may be the cause of premature discontinuation of radiotherapy. Its treatment is complex and the role of systemic corticosteroids in it has not yet been evaluated. Materials and methods: descriptive study of 6 patients older than 18 years with severe radiodermatitis, treated with systemic corticosteroids when they did not respond to initial topical therapy. With a 6-month follow-up, between June 1, 2019 and May 30, 2020 at the Dermatology Service of a high complexity hospital. Results: treatment with systemic corticosteroids was indicated at a dose of meprednisone 40 mg/day or equivalent, for 5 days, with complete resolution of the symptoms in a maximum period of 15 days. Discussion: in the literature, we have not found scientific papers that report or evaluate the usefulness of systemic corticosteroids in severe radiodermatitis. We propose to demonstrate their usefulness in this pathology. Conclusion: the objective of this work is to communicate our experience in patients with severe acute radiodermatitis, with great repercussions on the general state, who evolved with rapid resolution of the symptoms and adequate symptomatic management, with the use of systemic corticosteroids. (AU)

Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 173 Patients in China

BACKGROUND: Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) to drugs are a crucial public health issue and the use of systemic corticosteroids in SCAR has been controversial. OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical features, causative drugs, treatment, outcomes, and prognostic factors of SCAR in the case-series of 173 patients, and add more information to the debate of using systemic corticosteroids in SCAR management. METHODS: A retrospective study of 173 SCAR patients diagnosed with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) at a tertiary care institution in China between January 2014 and December 2017 was conducted. RESULTS: Of 173 patients, allopurinol, carbamazepine, and antibiotics are the most frequently implicated drugs for DRESS (40.4%), SJS/TEN (26.0%), and AGEP (40.0%) respectively. Moreover, there is a strongly negative correlation between early corticosteroids use and the progression (p=0.000) and severity (p=0.01) of skin lesions. However, there is no association between early corticosteroids use and the mortality of SCAR (odds ratio: 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.95~1.08). In addition, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, and interval from onset to corticosteroids treatment were correlated with SCAR prognosis. CONCLUSION: Prompt short-course systemic corticosteroids use is associated with early-stage skin lesions remission without influencing the disease mortality. Lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia were the independent poor prognostic factors of SCAR.

Equivalencia terapéutica y tiempo de administración de los esteroides sistémicos en la exacerbación del asma / Therapeutic equivalence and time of administration of systemic steroids in the exacerbation of asthma

Introduction. The early use of systemic steroids has been associated with a decrease in the rate of hospitalizations in pediatric patients with asthma exacerbation. The objective was to compare the equivalence of two forms of administration, as well as to determine the optimal time for its indication. Material and methods: Observational, randomized, open study of equivalence, comparing oral versus parenteral steroids. The primary outcomes were changes in the severity scale and the rate of hospitalizations. The secondary result was the time until improvement was reached. ANOVA and Chi square tests were used to determine the statistical significance; it was considered significant when p <0,05. Results: In both groups both the severity scale and the hospitalization rate were considerably modified with early administration. At 30 minutes after using hydrocortisone (p<0,05). The greatest variation in the severity scale was observed. Conclusion: both routes of administration proved to be effective and should be used early.

Introducción: El uso precoz de los esteroides sistémicos ha sido asociado con disminución de la tasa de hospitalizaciones en los pacientes pediátricos con exacerbación asmática. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la equivalencia de dos formas de administración, así como determinar el tiempo óptimo para su indicación. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, aleatorizado, abierto de equivalencia, comparando esteroides por via oral contra parenteral. Los outcomes primarios fueron los cambios en la escala de gravedad y la tasa de hospitalizaciones y el secundario fue el tiempo en alcanzar la mejoría. Se utilizó ANOVA, prueba Chi cuadrado para determinar las significaciones estadísticas, se consideró significancia p<0,05. Resultados: En ambos grupos tanto la escala de gravedad como la tasa de mortalidad se modificaron de forma importante con la administración precoz. A los 30 minutos de administrar hidrocortisona (p<0,05) se observó la mayor variación en la escala de gravedad. Conclusión: ambas vías de administración demostraron ser efectivas y deben ser usadas de forma precoz.

La importancia del comienzo temprano del tratamiento con corticoide intratimpánico en hipoacusia súbita / The importance of early treatment with intratympanic corticoid for sudden hypoacusia / A importância do começo temporão do tratamento com corticoide intratimpánico em hipoacusia subita

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hipoacusia neurosensorial súbita idiopática se define como la pérdida de audición súbita, de más de 30 dB, en por lo menos 3 frecuencias contiguas de la audiometría tonal, que ocurre dentro de los 3 días de inicio del síntoma, en un paciente sin antecedentes otológicos previos. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la relación entre el comienzo temprano del tratamiento con corticoide intratimpánico y el grado de recuperación auditiva. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. A través de una revisión de historias clínicas se recolectaron pacientes con diagnóstico de hipoacusia neurosensorial súbita, valorados entre 2016 y 2017. El protocolo terapéutico utilizado fue la inyección de corticoide intratimpánico bajo visión microscópica, del oído afectado. Este procedimiento se realizó una vez por semana, durante 4 semanas. Se solicitó un control audiométrico una vez finalizado el tratamiento para evaluar el grado de recuperación auditiva...

INTRODUCTION: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss surdez neurosensorial subita is defined as a sudden loss of hearing, of more than 30dB, in at least three adjacent frequencies of the tone audiometry, which occurs within the three days after the symptom onset, in patients without previous otologic background. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the relationship between the early beginning of treatment with intratympanic corticoid and the degree of hearing recovery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study. Medical records of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss diagnosis between 2016 and 2017 were gathered. The therapeutic protocol used was injection of intratympanic corticoid in the affected ear under microscopic vision. This procedure was carried out once a week, for 4 weeks. An audiometric control was done after finishing treatment in order to assess the hearing recovery degree…

INTRODUÇÃO: A surdez neurosensorial subita idiopatica define-se como a perda de audição subita, a mais de 30dB, em pelo menos 3 frequências contíguas da audiometria tonal, que ocorre dentro dos 3 dias de início do sintoma, num paciente sem antecedentes otológicos prévios. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a relação entre o começo temporão do tratamento com corticoide intratimpánico e o grau de recuperação auditiva. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: É um estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo. Através de uma revisão de histórias clínicas colectaram-se pacientes com diagnóstico de hipoacusia neurosensorial súbita, avaliados entre 2016 e 2017. O protocolo terapêutico utilizado foi a injeção de corticoide intratimpánico baixo visão microscópica, do ouvido afectado. Este procedimento realizou-se uma vez por semana, durante 4 semanas. Solicitou-se um controle audiométrico uma vez finalizado o tratamento para avaliar o grau de recuperação auditiva...

Recomendaciones para el manejo de la crisis de asma

El manejo de la exacerbación de asma depende de la gravedad de la misma por lo que es recomendable clasificar la gravedad de la crisis ya que las dosis y la frecuencia de administración de los medicamentos se modificarán en relación con la gravedad y con la respuesta al tratamiento. Proponemos cambios en el manejo del paciente asmático en el cuarto de urgencias. Para lograr una implementación exitosa es necesario conocer y entender los conocimientos y actitudes de los grupos involucrados en el cambio propuesto y anticipar y determinar las barreras potenciales antes y durante la implementación del cambio. En este proceso de preparación debe participar un equipo multidisciplinario antes de adoptar las nuevas medidas.

The management of asthma exacerbations depends on its severity, for this reason it is important classify the severity of the acute asthma attack because the frequency of drugs administration should be adjusted according to severity and to the patient's response. We propose changes in the treatment of the asthmatic children at the emergency department. In order to achieve a successfully implementation it is important to understand the knowledge and attitudes of the groups involved in the proposed change and identifying, anticipating, and addressing potential barriers before and during the implementation of the change. A multidisciplinary team must participate in this process before adopting the new strategy.

Vías de administración de los corticosteroides en pacientes con crisis moderada de asma / Ways of administration of corticosteroids in moderate asthma crisis

Objetivos: identificar las diferencias entre la administración de corticosteroides sistémicos parenterales y orales en el tratamiento de la crisis moderada de asma bronquial y el costo de su aplicación. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y aplicado, realizado en 105 pacientes asmáticos que acudieron al hospital pediátrico Juan Manuel Márquez, entre el 1 de septiembre de 2009 y el 31 de mayo de 2011. Se organizaron tres grupos: grupo A, se administró hidrocortisona vía intramuscular; grupo B, metilprednisolona intramuscular y grupo C, prednisona oral. La selección y ubicación de los pacientes en los grupos fue al azar. Resultados: la duración de la crisis según vía de administración del corticosteroide fue de 1 a 3 días en 26 (74,3 porciento pacientes del grupo A, 24 (68,6 porciento asmáticos en el grupo B y 32 (91,4 porciento) enfermos en el grupo C. La evolución de la crisis, con respecto a los días de dificultad respiratoria y la duración de la tos nocturna, tuvieron un comportamiento similar en los tres grupos. El costo del corticosteroide sistémico en el grupo A fue 13 veces superior al del grupo C y en el grupo B, fue 35 veces más que el del grupo C. Conclusiones: los corticoesteroides orales e intramusculares tienen la misma respuesta con respecto a la mejoría de los síntomas en pacientes con crisis moderada de asma bronquial. El uso del fármaco por vía oral conlleva un ahorro sustancial para el país y evita los efectos indeseables de la vía intramuscular

Objective: to determine the differences between the parenteral and the oral administration of systemic corticosteroids in moderate asthma crisis and the cost. Method: prospective and descriptive study performed in 105 patients, who presented with a moderate asthma crisis at Juan Manuel Marquez pediatric hospital from September 1, 2009 through May 31st, 2011. The patients were randomly selected and assigned to one of the following groups: Group A was given hydrocortisone intramuscularly, group B was administered methylprednisolone intramuscularly, and group C was given prednisone orally. Results: the duration of crisis according to the route of administration of corticosteroids was 1 to 3 days in 26 (74.3 percent) patients in group A, in 24 (68.6 percent) of group B, and in 32 (91.4 percent) in group C. The duration of the crisis in terms of the number of days with breathing difficulties and night cough behaved similarly in the three groups. The cost of systemic corticosteroids based on the route of administration was 13 times higher in group A and 35 times higher in group B than in group C. Conclusions: the corticosteroids administered either orally or intramuscularly have the same effects in relation to the improvement of symptoms in patients with moderate asthma crisis. The use of the oral medication means a substantial saving for the country, and at the same time, it avoids the undesired effects of the parenteral route

A importância do diagnóstico precoce do penfigoide cicatricial: relato de caso / The importance of early diagnosis in cicatricial pemphigoid: case report

O penfigóide cicatricial é uma doença bolhosa inflamatória de caráter crônico e autoimune que afeta primariamente as superfícies mucosas. Auto anticorpos são produzidos contra o complexo de adesões dos hemidesmossomas da membrana basal da pele e mucosas. Afeta a cavidade bucal, laringe esôfago, membrana ocular e raramente a pele. A formação de cicatrizes é característica e pode resultar em cegueira, quando envolve a conjuntiva ocular. O envolvimento da mucosa bucal é observado na maioria dos pacientes e, quando acomete a gengiva, produz um quadro de gengivite descamativa. A etiologia é desconhecida, no entanto tem sido relatada a indução por drogas como possível desencadeador da doença. O diagnóstico é obtido com base na história clínica, biópsia e imunofluorescência direta. O tratamento é feito através de corticosteroide tópico ou sistêmico, na dependência da gravidade da doença. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de penfigoide cicatricial onde a paciente apresentava apenas lesões bucais, tendo sido estabelecido o diagnóstico por meio da histopatologia através da microscopia óptica a qual apresentou aspecto bastante característico. O Tratamento intituído foi o uso de corticosteroide sistêmico. A paciente está em tratamento, com evolução satisfatória e compatível com o diagnóstico.

The cicatricial pemphigoid is a bullous disease of character chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases primarily affecting the mucosal surfaces. Auto-antibodies are produced against the hemidesmosomal complex of members of the basal membrane of the skin and mucous membranes. Affects the oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, eye membrane and rarely the skin. The formation of scar tissue is characteristic and can result in blindness if it involves the ocular conjunctiva. The involvement of the oral mucosa is observed in most patients and when affects the gingiva produces a table of gingivitis peel. The etiology is unknown, however, has been reported to be induced by drugs as a possible trigger of the disease. The diagnosis is made based on clinical history, biopsy and direct immunofluorescence. Treatment is realized by topical or systemic corticosteroids, depending on the severity of the disease, This study aims to report a case of cicatricial pemphigoid in which the patient had oral lesions only was the diagnosis established by histopathology by light microscopy which showed very characteristic appearance. The treatment was the use of systemic corticosteroids. The patient is in treatment, with satisfactory evolution and is compatible with the disgnosis.

Two Cases of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Caused by Systemic Corticosteroids / 대한피부과학회지

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a fatal, acute, hypersensitivity reaction which is associated with certain drugs. The disease has often been managed by systemic corticosteroids. However, there have been a few reports of SJS caused by systemic corticosteroids in Western countries. We herein present two cases of SJS related to deflazacort and betamethasone sodium phosphate. It is worth mentioning that corticosteroids might be offending drugs for SJS. Due to the difficulty in predicting a cross-reaction between corticosteroids and also the existence of concomitant allergies to other corticosteroids, we should consider an alternative strategy such as intravenous immunoglobulin-G in patients with SJS caused by systemic corticosteroids.