Uso de cámaras de bronceado y cáncer de piel / Indoor tanning and skin cancer

ResumenEl cáncer de piel es la neoplasia más frecuente en Costa Rica.La constante exposición a luz ultravioleta es un factor de riesgo ampliamente reconocido para este cáncer.Las cámaras de bronceado que emiten radiación UV fueron clasificadas por un grupo de investigadores, IARC “International Agency for Research on Cáncer” como Grupo 1 “Cancerígeno para humanos”.El riesgo de melanoma aumenta en un 75% cuando las cámaras de bronceado son utilizadas en edades tempranas.Las campañas de salud enfocadas en foto protección han tenido un importante impacto en la prevención del cáncer de piel. Sin embargo, aún es necesario dar a conocer a la población general sobre la relación directa que existe entre el uso de fuentes artificiales de radiación ultravioleta (como cámaras de bronceado) con la aparición de cáncer de piel melanoma y no melanoma.

AbstractSkin cancer is the most common malignancy in Costa Rica.Constant exposure to ultraviolet light is a widely recognized risk factor for this neoplasm. Indoor tanning chambers that emit UV radiation were classified as Group 1 "Carcinogenic for humans" by the “International Agency for Research on Cancer” (IARC).The risk of melanoma increases in a 75% when the tanning beds are used in early ages.Health campaigns focused photo protective measures have had an important impact on skin cancer prevention.However, it is still necessary to inform general population about the direct relationship between the use of artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation like in tanning beds, with the development of melanoma and non-melanoma cancer.

Strategy of oxygen transfer coefficient control on the L-erythrulose fermentation by newly isolated Gluconobacter kondonii

Background: The effect of diverse oxygen transfer coefficient on the L-erythrulose production from meso-erythritol by a newly isolated strain, Gluconobacter kondonii CGMCC8391 was investigated. In order to elucidate the effects of volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K La) on the fermentations, baffled and unbaffled flask cultures, and fed-batch cultures were developed in present work. Results: With the increase of the K La value in the fed-batch culture, L-erythrulose concentration, productivity and yield were significantly improved, while cell growth was not the best in the high K La. Thus, a two-stage oxygen supply control strategy was proposed, aimed at achieving high concentration and high productivity of L-erythrulose. During the first 12 h, Klawas controlled at 40.28 h-1 to obtain high value for cell growth, subsequently K La was controlled at 86.31 h-1 to allow for high L-erythrulose accumulation. Conclusions: Under optimal conditions, the L-erythrulose concentration, productivity, yield and DCW reached 207.9 ± 7.78 g/L, 6.50 g/L/h, 0.94 g/g, 2.68 ± 0.17 g/L, respectively. At the end of fermentation, the L-erythrulose concentration and productivity were higher than those in the previous similar reports.

Flocculation effect of chitosan flocculant on water-extraction solution of Xiaoyan Tuire Granules Oral Liquid / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the purifying process of water-extraction solution of Xiaoyan Tuire Granules Oral Liquid by flocculation clarifying method, reserve more active components while less impurities, and improve the clarity of oral liquid. Methods: After clearing out the impurities composition of water-extraction solution of Xiaoyan Tuire Granules Oral Liquid, the flocculant of chitosan chosen by screening test was used to analyze the flocculation effect. The retention rate of aesculetin, the removal rate of impurity, and supernatant turbidity were set as mainly indexes to estimate the influence of the dosage of flocculant, temperature, fast mixing speed, and fast mixing time. Results: The optimal flocculating process conditions which were analyzed by experiments were as follows: the dosage of chitosan was 1.25 g/L, the flocculation temperature was 40 ℃, the fast mixing speed was 350 r/min, and the fast mixing time was 3 min. Under these conditions, the retention rate of aesculetin was 88.92%, the removal rates of protein and tanning were 62.96% and 67.19%, the supernatant turbidity was 5.0 NTU after the oral liquid was flocculated for 24 h. Conclusion: Using chitosan as flocculant in the water-extraction solution of Xiaoyan Tuire Granules Oral Liquid, it could improve the removal rate of impurities effeitively as well as keep higher active components and enhance the clarity of oral liquid.

Ecotoxicological characterization of tannery wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Tanning industries are one of the main economic activities in Bangladesh. It has been well documented that wastewater discharged from tanneries without appropriate treatment results in detrimental effects on the ecosystem. No ecotoxicity evaluation of any aquatic environment in Bangladesh has been conducted so far. In this study, a battery of toxicity bioassays and chemical analysis were carried out from water samples obtained from three sampling points: upstream from discharging site on River Buriganga (S1), raw wastewater effluent (S2), and downstream the discharging sluice gate (S3), in the Hazaribagh tannery area of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. While S1 and S3 water samples did not show significant toxicity in the bioassays tested, S2 exhibited high acute toxicity to the bacterium Vibrio fischeri (15-min Microtox® test, EC50 = 9.8%), the higher plant Lactuca sativa (5-day root elongation inhibition test, EC50 = 14.2%), and the microcrustacean Daphnia magna (24-hour mobility test, EC50 = 31.5%). The results suggested that the raw wastewater effluent had detrimental effects on broad spectrum of organisms in the aquatic ecosystem and bacterium was the most sensitive. The chemical analysis revealed that sample S2 contained an extremely high concentration of chromium (47 g l-1). Additionally, microbiological analysis indicated that the sampling area is impacted by fecal pollution, increasing the environmental health risk for its inhabitants.

A Case of Chromium Contact Dermatitis due to Exposure from a Golf Glove

Chromium is a transition metal and has been shown to elicit contact dermatitis. Although leather products have been known to be the most significant source of chromium exposure these days, the majority of reports have been related to exposure from shoe products. We herein report a professional golfer who became allergic to golf gloves made of chromium-tanned leather. A 27-year-old woman golfer presented with recurrent, pruritic, erythematous plaques that had been occurring on both hands for several years. The lesions developed whenever she had worn golf gloves for an extended period of time, especially during tournament season. To identify the causative agent, patch tests were performed and the results demonstrated a strong positive reaction to potassium dichromate 0.5% and to her own glove. The amount of chromium in her golf glove was analyzed to be 308.91 ppm and based on this, a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis due to a chromium-tanned leather glove was made. She was treated with oral antihistamines combined with topical steroids and advised to wear chromium-free leather gloves. There has been no evidence of recurrence during a six month follow-up period.

Folliculitis after Tanning Oil Application / 대한피부과학회지

Folliculitis is an inflammatory disease that has various causes. It has been widely reported to be caused by exposure to industrial oil such as cutting oil and diesel oil. A 39-year-old man presented with multiple diffuse erythematous papules with a follicular distribution on the anterior chest, back and shoulder. The histopathologic findings of the papules showed follicular epithelial destruction and a perifollicular inflammatory cellular infiltration. He was diagnosed as having folliculitis. The distribution of lesions matched with the area of tanning oil application was identical to that of the patient's applying tanning oil before the development of skin lesions. We report here on a case of folliculitis due to applying tanning oil. Tanning oil caused the follicular occlusion and dilatation in hairless mice in one experiment.

Minimal Immediate Tanning Dose for UVA in Korean Young Adults / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The xenon arc solar simulator is the most commonly used light source in studies on immediate tanning, but there has been no report on the immediate tanning response in Korean skin induced by UVA from that source. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to measure the minimal immediate tanning dose(MITD) for UVA in Korean, brown skin. Methods: UVA irradiation was performed on normal back skin of twenty-six healthy Korean young adults, with increasing doses from 0.5J/cm2 to 4.5J/cm2 using xenon arc solar simulator equipped with appropriate filters. Visual assessment of MITD was done by two investigators. Results: The mean and standard deviations of MITD were 2.38+/- 0.65J/cm2 in 26 subjects. MITDs distributed from 1.0J/cm2 to 3.5J/cm2. There were no significant differences of MITD between skin type III and IV. Conclusion: Conclusively, we obtained the data on the MITD in Korean skin induced by UVA from the solar simulator. The results of this study may be valuable for the research into photomedicine and useful data for evaluating sunscreens.

The functional appraisal of the biological materials compoundly tanned for prothetic valve / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate biological materials tanned with a compound method for clinical performance of biovalves. Methods: The tissue calcium concentration was compared between biological materials tanned simply with amylic aldehyde and those compoundly tanned with amylic aldehyde, cation fat, chromium trioxide and glycerol. The histological morphology, the ultra-structure and tensile strength of the biological materials were tested and the content of hydroxyls in the materials was measured with the Fourier infrared spectrum detector. The prosthetic biological cardiac valves made of the materials were tested with an accelerated wearing device extracorporeally. Results: The tissue calcium concentration was lower in the compoundly tanned materials. In these materials, the collagenous fibers were dense and lined up in order. The cellular structure was maintained. The materials were pliable at the contracting temperature of 86℃ to 90℃. The tensile strength of the materials was 19.9 to 25.9 N/mm 2 and the extension rate was 43.4% to 46.0%. The peak of the hydroxyls decreased significantly at the wave length of 1741.11 cm -1 in the Fourier infrared spectrum. The swine aortic valve experienced 3.892?10 8 cycles in the accelerated wearing tests, and the bovine pericardial valve, 3.888?10 8 cycles. By estimation, the biovalves will last for about ten years. Conclusion: Compound tanning can increase firmness and softness of the materials and may play an important role in anticalcification of the biovalves.