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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 57: e13389, fev.2024. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557320

RESUMEN

During the COVID-19 outbreak, there was a sharp increase in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Acupuncture therapy has the advantages of accurate clinical efficacy, safety and reliability, few adverse reactions, and no dependence, and is gradually becoming one of the emerging therapies for treating GAD. We present a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial with the aim of exploring the mechanism of brain plasticity in patients with GAD and evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of acupuncture treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) will be used to assess cortical excitability in GAD patients and healthy people. Sixty-six GAD patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into two groups: TA group, (treatment with acupuncture and basic western medicine treatment) and SA group (sham acupuncture and basic western medicine treatment). Twenty healthy people will be recruited as the control group (HC). The parameters that will be evaluated are amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), cortical resting period (CSP), resting motor threshold (RMT), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score. Secondary results will include blood analysis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), serotonin (5-HT), and brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF). Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after the intervention (week 8). This study protocol is the first clinical trial designed to detect differences in cerebral cortical excitability between healthy subjects and patients with GAD, and the comparison of clinical efficacy and reliability before and after acupuncture intervention is also one of the main contents of the protocol. We hope to find a suitable non-pharmacological alternative treatment for patients with GAD.

2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 82(1): s00441779051, 2024. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533837

RESUMEN

Abstract Background Phantom limb pain (PLP) occurs after amputations and can persist in a chronic and debilitating way. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation method capable of influencing brain function and modulating cortical excitability. Its effectiveness in treating chronic pain is promising. Objective To evaluate the evidence on the efficacy and safety of using rTMS in the treatment of PLP, observing the stimulation parameters used, side effects, and benefits of the therapy. Methods This is a systematic review of scientific articles published in national and international literature using electronic platforms. Results Two hundred and fifty two articles were identified. Two hundred and forty six publications were removed because they were duplicated or met the exclusion criteria. After selection, six studies were reviewed, those being two randomized clinical trials and four case reports. All evaluated studies indicated some degree of benefit of rTMS to relieve painful symptoms, even temporarily. Pain perception was lower at the end of treatment when compared to the period prior to the sessions and remained during patient follow-up. There was no standardization of the stimulation parameters used. There were no reports of serious adverse events. The effects of long-term therapy have not been evaluated. Conclusion There are some benefits, even if temporary, in the use of rTMS to relieve painful symptoms in PLP. High-frequency stimulation at M1 demonstrated a significant analgesic effect. Given the potential that has been demonstrated, but limited by the paucity of high-quality studies, further controlled studies are needed to establish and standardize the clinical use of the method.


Resumo Antecedentes A dor do membro fantasma (DMF) ocorre após amputações e pode persistir de forma crônica e debilitante. A estimulação magnética transcraniana repetitiva (EMTr) é um método de neuromodulação não invasivo capaz de influenciar a função cerebral e modular a excitabilidade cortical. Sua eficácia no tratamento da dor crônica é promissora. Objetivo Avaliar as evidências sobre a eficácia e segurança do uso da EMTr no tratamento da DMF, observando os parâmetros de estimulação utilizados, efeitos colaterais e benefícios da terapia. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos publicados na literatura nacional e internacional utilizando plataformas eletrônicas. Resultados Foram identificados 252 artigos. Duzentas e quarenta e seis publicações foram removidas por estarem duplicadas ou atenderem aos critérios de exclusão. Após a seleção, foram revisados seis estudos, sendo dois ensaios clínicos randomizados e quatro relatos de caso. Todos os estudos avaliados indicaram algum grau de benefício da EMTr no alívio dos sintomas dolorosos, mesmo que temporariamente. A percepção da dor foi menor ao final do tratamento quando comparada ao período anterior às sessões e permaneceu durante o acompanhamento do paciente. Não houve padronização dos parâmetros de estimulação utilizados. Não houve relatos de eventos adversos graves. Os efeitos da terapia a longo prazo não foram avaliados. Conclusão Existem alguns benefícios, mesmo que temporários, no uso da EMTr para alívio dos sintomas dolorosos na DMF. A estimulação de alta frequência em M1 demonstrou um efeito analgésico significativo. Dado o potencial demonstrado, mas limitado pela escassez de estudos de alta qualidade, são necessários mais estudos controlados para estabelecer e padronizar o uso clínico do método.

3.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 87-94, 2024.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1013289

RESUMEN

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in M1 region combined with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on electroencephalogram (EEG) θ frequency band amplitude of patients with neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury. MethodsFrom June, 2022 to June, 2023, 50 NP patients after SCI in Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital were included and divided into M1 region stimulation group (n = 25) and M1 region combined with DLPFC stimulation group (the combined stimulation group, n = 25). M1 region stimulation group received 10 Hz rTMS in the left M1 region, while the combined stimulation group received same stimulation in left M1 region combined with DLPFC, for three weeks. Before and after intervention, the pain was assessed with Short Form of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), the depression and anxiety status were evaluated using Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and the EEG θ frequency band amplitude was recorded to detect the changes of brain electrophysiological activity. ResultsFour cases in M1 region stimulation group, and two cases in the combined stimulation group were dropped. After intervention, the total score of SF-MPQ and the scores of the subscales, the scores of HMMD and HAMA decreased in both groups (|t| > 2.523, P < 0.05). The EEG θ frequency band amplitude significantly reduced in the prefrontal and frontal regions in M1 region stimulation group (|t| > 5.243, P < 0.001), and it also significantly reduced in the prefrontal, frontal regions, central and parietal regions in the combined stimulation group (|t| > 4.630, P < 0.001). All the scores were lower (|t| > 2.270, Z = -1.973, P < 0.05), and the EEG θ frequency band amplitude in the prefrontal, frontal regions, central and parietal regions were lower (P < 0.05) in the combined stimulation group than in M1 region stimulation group. ConclusionHigh frequency rTMS is an effective analgesic method on NP after SCI, which can improve their depression and anxiety symptoms and reduce the EEG θ frequency band amplitude. Compared with M1 region rTMS stimulation, the combination of M1 region and DLPFC rTMS is more effective.

4.
Sichuan Mental Health ; (6): 16-20, 2024.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1012551

RESUMEN

BackgroundChronic insomnia is characterized by a prolonged and recurrent course. The efficacy of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a physical therapy method to improve sleep quality remains inadequately supported by evidence, particularly regarding its relationship with personality traits. ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and influencing factors of rTMS in the treatment of chronic insomnia, and to provide insights into its therapeutic potential. MethodA total of 46 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and were treated at the Third Hospital of Mianyang from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected. Prior to treatment, participants underwent assessments using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item (HAMD-17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality before treatment, at the end of the second week of treatment and one week post-treatment. ResultsAt the end of the second week of treatment, patients exhibited significantly improved total PSQI score and subscale scores related to subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction (t=4.755~13.361, P<0.01), with 24 cases (54.35%) showing effective treatment outcomes. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that introverted and extroverted personality traits contributed significantly to the regression equation (B=0.317, P<0.01), explaining 29.90% of the total variation (R2=0.299). ConclusionrTMS treatment may effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with chronic insomnia, with its therapeutic effect appearing to associated with introverted and extroverted personality traits. [Funded by National Natural Science Project of China (number, 82372080)]

5.
Horiz. med. (Impresa) ; 23(3)jul. 2023.
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514224

RESUMEN

La estimulación magnética transcraneal (EMT) es una técnica no invasiva que consiste en la utilización de campos magnéticos para estimular a las neuronas de la corteza cerebral. Si bien la electricidad se ha pretendido emplear previamente en el campo de la medicina, la historia de la EMT se remonta al descubrimiento de la inducción electromagnética, por Faraday, en el siglo XIX. Sin embargo, no fue hasta la década de 1980 cuando Anthony Barker, en la Universidad de Sheffield, desarrolló el primer dispositivo de EMT. La EMT funciona mediante una bobina colocada en el cuero cabelludo, la cual produce un campo magnético que puede atravesar el cráneo y estimular las neuronas corticales. La intensidad y la frecuencia del campo magnético pueden ajustarse para dirigirse a zonas específicas del cerebro y producir efectos excitatorios e inhibitorios. Los principios de la EMT se basan en el concepto de neuroplasticidad, que se refiere a la capacidad del cerebro para cambiar y adaptarse en respuesta a nuevas experiencias y estímulos. Al estimular las neuronas del cerebro con la EMT, es posible inducir cambios en la actividad neuronal y la conectividad, lo que a su vez puede provocar cambios cognitivos y en el estado de ánimo.


Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique that uses magnetic fields to stimulate neurons in the cerebral cortex. While electricity has previously been intended to be used in the medical field, the history of TMS dates back to the discovery of electromagnetic induction by Faraday in the 19th century. However, it was not until the 1980s when Anthony Barker developed the first TMS device at the University of Sheffield. TMS works by means of a coil placed against the scalp, thereby producing a magnetic field. This magnetic field can pass through the skull and stimulate cortical neurons. The intensity and frequency of the magnetic field can be adjusted to target specific areas of the brain and produce excitatory and inhibitory effects. The principles of TMS are based on the concept of neuroplasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to new experiences and stimuli. By stimulating neurons in the brain with TMS, it is possible to cause changes in neuronal activity and connectivity, which in turn can lead to cognitive and mood changes.

6.
BrJP ; 6(3): 313-319, July-sept. 2023. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520295

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is characterized by persistent pain in the pelvic region for more than six months, affecting both men and women and causing significant impairment in quality of life (QoL). Two of the main non-invasive approaches are Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). These techniques aim to modulate neural activity and promote pain relief. In this context, this research conducted an integrative literature review to summarize the results of relevant studies, aiming to identify the key parameters used in TMS and tDCS for CPP treatment. The objective was to assess the effect and efficacy of non-invasive neuromodulation as a therapeutic intervention for CPP. CONTENTS: For this integrative review, electronic searches were conducted in Pubmed, Scielo, PEDro, Medline, Cochrane, and Scopus databases, examining studies in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The keywords "pelvic pain," "transcranial direct current stimulation," and "transcranial magnetic stimulation" and their derivatives were searched in the three languages in studies from 2013 to 2023. Seven studies were included for analysis. Both techniques showed positive effects in managing CPP, improving pain levels and quality of life to a relevant extent. However, there is still no consensus on the parameters applied in TMS and tDCS techniques for CPP. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive neuromodulation improves pain levels and quality of life in patients with CPP. Further studies are needed to establish more reliable parameter relationships, and the limited number of studies restricts definitive conclusions on the subject.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor pélvica crônica (DPC) é caracterizada pela persistência da dor na região pélvica por mais de seis meses, afetando tanto homens quanto mulheres e causando prejuízos significativos na qualidade de vida (QV). Duas das principais abordagens não invasivas são Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana (EMT) e a Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua (ETCC). Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa realizou uma revisão integrativa da literatura com o intuito de resumir os resultados de estudos relevantes, buscando identificar os principais parâmetros utilizados no tratamento da DPC. O objetivo foi fornecer uma visão abrangente sobre essas técnicas de neuromodulação e suas aplicações específicas no controle da dor pélvica crônica. CONTEÚDO: Para esta revisão integrativa, as buscas eletrônicas ocorreram nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, PEDro, Medline, Cochrane e Scopus, verificando estudos em português, inglês ou espanhol. "Dor pélvica", "estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua" e "estimulação magnética transcraniana" e suas derivações foram pesquisadas nos três idiomas em estudos entre 2013 e 2023. Sete estudos foram incluídos para análise. Ambas as técnicas apresentaram efeitos positivos no manejo da DPC, melhorando os níveis de dor e a QV em proporções relevantes. Entretanto, ainda não há um consenso sobre os parâmetros aplicados nas técnicas de EMT e ETCC para DPC. CONCLUSÃO: A neuromodulação não invasiva melhora os níveis de dor e a QV em pacientes com DPC. São necessários mais estudos para que relações mais confiáveis de parâmetros possam ser preestabelecidas e a ausência de um maior número de estudos limita conclusões acerca do assunto.

7.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 17: e20230048, 2023. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528498

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT. Neurodegenerative diseases pose significant challenges due to their impact on brain structure, function, and cognition. As life expectancy rises, the prevalence of these disorders is rapidly increasing, resulting in substantial personal, familial, and societal burdens. Efforts have been made to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic processes, primarily focusing on clinical, cognitive, and imaging characterization. However, the emergence of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, specifically transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), offers unique functional insights and diagnostic potential. TMS allows direct evaluation of brain function, providing valuable information inaccessible through other methods. This review aims to summarize the current and potential diagnostic utility of TMS in investigating neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its relevance to the field of cognitive neuroscience. The findings presented herein contribute to the growing body of research focused on improving our understanding and management of these debilitating conditions, particularly in regions with limited resources and a pressing need for innovative approaches.


RESUMO. As doenças neurodegenerativas representam desafio significativo por seu impacto na estrutura cerebral, função e cognição. À medida que a expectativa de vida aumenta, a prevalência dessas doenças cresce rapidamente, resultando em substanciais encargos pessoais, familiares e sociais. Esforços têm sido feitos para otimizar os processos diagnósticos e terapêuticos, com foco principal na caracterização clínica, cognitiva e de imagem. No entanto, o surgimento de técnicas de estimulação cerebral não invasivas, especificamente a estimulação magnética transcraniana (EMT), oferece compreensão funcional e potencial diagnóstico únicos. A TMS permite a avaliação direta da função cerebral, fornecendo informações valiosas inacessíveis por outros métodos. Esta revisão teve como objetivo resumir a utilidade diagnóstica atual e potencial da EMT na investigação de doenças neurodegenerativas, destacando sua relevância para o campo da neurociência cognitiva. As conclusões aqui apresentadas contribuem para o crescente corpo de investigação centrado na melhoria da nossa compreensão e gestão dessas condições debilitantes, particularmente em regiões com recursos limitados e necessidade premente de abordagens inovadoras.

8.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 17: e20230021, 2023. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528499

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Primary progressive aphasia comprises a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive speech and language dysfunction. Neuroimaging (structural and functional), biomarkers, and neuropsychological assessments allow for early diagnosis. However, there is no pharmacological treatment for the disease. Speech and language therapy is the main rehabilitation strategy. In this case report, we describe a female patient diagnosed with nonfluent primary progressive aphasia who underwent sessions of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and showed improvement in depression scores, naming tasks in oral and written speech, and comprehension tasks in oral and written discourse.


RESUMO As afasias progressivas primárias (APP) representam um grupo de doenças neurodegenerativas caracterizadas por disfunção progressiva da fala e da linguagem. A neuroimagem (estrutural e funcional), os biomarcadores e as avaliações neuropsicológicas permitem o diagnóstico precoce. No entanto, não há tratamento farmacológico para a doença. A terapia fonoaudiológica é a principal estratégia de reabilitação. Neste relato de caso, descrevemos uma paciente com diagnóstico de APP não fluente que foi submetida a sessões de estimulação magnética transcraniana de alta frequência no córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo e apresentou melhora nos escores de depressão, nas tarefas de nomeação da fala oral e escrita e nas tarefas de compreensão da fala oral e escrita.

9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 56: e12708, 2023. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439706

RESUMEN

Pilot trials have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may reduce limb spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). We carried out the current meta-analysis to synthesize currently available evidence regarding such correlation. Up to November 2022, five international electronic databases (Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL) and four Chinese electronic databases (CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP) were systematically searched to identify randomized trials comparing active rTMS and sham stimulation in patients with MS-related spasticity. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data on study design, quality, clinical outcomes, and time points measured. The primary outcome was clinical spasticity relief after intervention. Secondary outcomes included spasticity at the follow-up visit 2 weeks later and post-treatment fatigue. Of 831 titles found, we included 8 studies (181 participants) in the quantitative analysis. Pooled analyses showed that rTMS therapy was associated with significant spasticity relief in the early post-intervention period [standardized mean differences (SMD): -0.67; 95%CI: -1.12 to -0.21], but there was insufficient evidence for rTMS in reducing spasticity at the follow-up visit 2 weeks later (SMD: -0.17; 95%CI: -0.52 to 0.17) and fatigue (SMD: -0.26; 95%CI: -0.84 to 0.31). This evidence supports the recommendations to treat MS-related spasticity with rTMS, but underlines the need for further large randomized trials.

10.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2023. 107 p. ilus, tab.
Tesis en Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451848

RESUMEN

A impulsividade é um fenômeno multifacetado e é caracterizada por diferentes padrões cognitivos e comportamentais que podem levar a consequências disfuncionais imediatas e em médio/longo prazo. O tratamento da impulsividade tem sido um grande desafio na área da saúde mental, pois não há muitas ferramentas bem descritas e cientificamente validadas que sejam eficazes para a melhora do bem-estar geral desses indivíduos. Dentre as abordagens gerais que podem ser utilizadas para isso, destacam-se as intervenções farmacológicas, atividades físicas e abordagens psicoterápicas como a terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC), o treinamento de habilidades sociais e emocionais e a terapia de controle de impulsos. Neste estudo, iremos analisar outras três técnicas não farmacológicas promissoras para serem utilizadas no controle de impulso que são as técnicas de Yoga, Mindfulness e Neuromodulação não invasiva. Para isso, fizemos três revisões sistemáticas conduzidas em acordo com os critérios do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Os protocolos de revisão foram registrados no Registro Prospectivo Internacional de Revisões Sistemáticas (PROSPERO). Para escolha dos descritores que seriam utilizados na busca foi utilizado o Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). A pesquisa pelos artigos foi feita nas bases de dados da PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct e Embase. Só foram incluídos artigos em inglês e não houve delimitação de período de publicação dos artigos incluídos. Os artigos incluídos nesta revisão sistemática foram selecionados de forma independente por dois revisores distintos. Eles realizaram a seleção em duas etapas, sendo a primeira baseada na leitura dos títulos e resumos e a segunda com a leitura completa do texto e caso houvesse divergência na seleção dos artigos, um terceiro revisor foi acionado. A qualidade dos estudos incluídos nestas revisões sistemáticas foi avaliada utilizando a ferramenta Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Ao final da seleção dos artigos, 6 artigos foram analisados no estudo sobre yoga, 18 no de Mindfulness e 18 no de Neuromodulação não invasiva (9 artigos sobre Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua (ETCC) e 9 sobre Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana (EMT)) e foi realizada metanálise de seus dados. Com base nos resultados obtidos, as técnicas de Yoga e Mindfulness surgem como promissoras no tratamento da impulsividade, demonstrando efetividade em diversos testes psicométricos e escalas. Essas abordagens terapêuticas são de fácil implantação, escaláveis e apresentam baixo custo, o que as torna viáveis tanto para o contexto clínico quanto para a saúde pública. Por outro lado, os estudos sobre ETCC e EMT ainda carecem de evidências suficientes para embasar sua implementação no tratamento da impulsividade. A falta de padronização nos estímulos utilizados e a diversidade nos desenhos de estudo dificultam a definição de protocolos efetivos. Portanto, futuras pesquisas serão necessárias para estabelecer parâmetros mais específicos e padrões de intervenção claros para essas técnicas de neuromodulação não invasiva no contexto da impulsividade.


Impulsivity is a multifaceted phenomenon characterized by different cognitive and behavioral patterns that can lead to immediate and medium-to-long-term dysfunctional consequences. The treatment of impulsivity has been a major challenge in the field of mental health, as there are not many well-described and scientifically validated tools that are effective in improving the overall well-being of these individuals. Among the general approaches that can be used for this purpose, pharmacological interventions, physical activities, and psychotherapeutic approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), social and emotional skills training, and impulse control therapy stand out. In this study, we will analyze three other promising non-pharmacological techniques for impulse control, namely Yoga, Mindfulness, and non-invasive neuromodulation. To do so, we conducted three systematic reviews in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria. The review protocols were registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used to select the descriptors for the search. The article search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase databases. Only articles in English were included, and there was no restriction on the publication period of the included articles. The articles included in this systematic review were independently selected by two different reviewers. They performed the selection in two stages, the first based on the reading of titles and abstracts, and the second with the full-text reading. In case of divergence in the article selection, a third reviewer was consulted. The quality of the studies included in these systematic reviews was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. At the end of the article selection process, 6 articles were analyzed in the Yoga study, 18 in the Mindfulness study, and 18 in the non-invasive neuromodulation study (9 articles on Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and 9 on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)), and a meta-analysis of their data was performed. Based on the results obtained, Yoga and Mindfulness techniques emerge as promising in the treatment of impulsivity, demonstrating effectiveness in various psychometric tests and scales. These therapeutic approaches are easy to implement, scalable, and cost-effective, making them viable for both clinical and public health contexts. On the other hand, studies on tDCS and TMS still lack sufficient evidence to support their implementation in the treatment of impulsivity. The lack of standardization in the stimuli used and the diversity in study designs hinder the definition of effective protocols. Therefore, future research will be necessary to establish more specific parameters and clear intervention standards for these non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in the context of impulsivity

11.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 193-204, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-965032

RESUMEN

ObjectiveTo explore the brain mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on dysfunction after stroke using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MethodsLiteratures about the functional magnetic resonance imaging study about repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for dysfunction after stroke were retrieved in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang data from establishment to June 1st, 2021. The quality of the literature was evaluated with Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Literature screening, and data extraction were performed by two researchers. ResultsA total of 14 randomized controlled trials were finally enrolled. They were of high or very high quality. They mainly involved the therapeutic effect and imaging mechanisms of rTMS on dysfunction after stroke. ConclusionrTMS could change the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the effective connections between brain regions after stroke, promote the reorganization of brain function, and achieve the recovery of post-stroke dysfunction.

12.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 167-173, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-965029

RESUMEN

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on walking function of stroke patients at recovery stage. MethodsFrom January, 2021 to January, 2022, 60 stroke inpatients at recovery stage from Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into group A (n = 20), group B (n = 20) and group C (n = 20). All the groups accepted conventional rehabilitation therapy and lower limb robot-assisted training, while group B accepted pseudo-rTMS, and group C accepted high-frequency rTMS, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), Timed 'Up and Go' Test (TUGT) and gait analysis before and after treatment. ResultsThe score of FMA-LE, TUGT, pace, stride width, stride, double support phase time, affected side support phase time, affected side swing phase time, healthy side support phase time and healthy side swing phase time improved after treatment in all the groups (|t| > 5.990, P < 0.001), and all the indexes improved the most in group C (F > 3.210, P < 0.05), except double support phase time. ConclusionHigh-frequency rTMS could facilitate the recovery of lower limb function and walking of stroke patients at recovery stage.

13.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 1239-1245, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1007479

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES@#To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) with different time intervals on corticospinal excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) and the upper limb motor function in healthy subjects and observe the after-effect rule of acupuncture.@*METHODS@#Self-comparison before and after intervention design was adopted. Fifteen healthy subjects were included and all of them received three stages of trial observation, namely EA0 group (received one session of EA), EA6h group (received two sessions of EA within 1 day, with an interval of 6 h) and EA48h group (received two sessions of EA within 3 days, with an interval of 48 h). The washout period among stages was 1 week. In each group, the needles were inserted perpendicularly at Hegu (LI 4) on the left side, 23 mm in depth and at a non-acupoint, 0.5 cm nearby to the left side of Hegu (LI 4), separately. Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS-200A) was attached to these two needles, with continuous wave and the frequency of 2 Hz. The stimulation intensity was exerted higher than the exercise threshold (local muscle twitching was visible, and pain was tolerable by healthy subjects, 1-2 mA ). The needles were retained for 30 min. Using the single pulse mode of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technique, before the first session of EA (T0) and at the moment (T1), in 2 h (T2) and 24 h (T3) after the end of the last session of EA, on the left first dorsal interosseous muscle, the amplitude, latency (LAT), resting motor threshold (rMT) of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and the completion time of grooved pegboard test (GPT) were detected. Besides, in the EA6h group, TMS was adopted to detect the excitability of M1 (amplitude, LAT and rMT of MEPs) before the last session of EA (T0*).@*RESULTS@#The amplitude of MEPs at T1 and T2 in the EA0 group, at T0* in the EA6h group and at T1, T2 and T3 in the EA48h group was higher when compared with the value at T0 in each group separately (P<0.001). At T1, the amplitude of MEPs in the EA0 group and the EA48h group was higher than that in the EA6h group (P<0.001, P<0.01); at T2, it was higher in the EA0 group when compared with that in the EA6h group (P<0.01); at T3, the amplitude in the EA0 group and the EA6h group was lower than that of the EA48h group (P<0.001). The LAT at T1 was shorter than that at T0 in the three groups (P<0.05), and the changes were not obvious at the rest time points compared with that at T0 (P > 0.05). The GPT completion time of healthy subjects in the EA0 group and the EA48h group at T1, T2 and T3 was reduced in comparison with that at T0 (P<0.001). The completion time at T3 was shorter than that at T0 in the EA6h group (P<0.05); at T2, it was reduced in the EA48h group when compared with that of the EA6h group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in rMT among the three groups and within each group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Under physiological conditions, EA has obvious after-effect on corticospinal excitability and upper limb motor function. The short-term interval protocol (6 h) blocks the after-effect of EA to a certain extent, while the long-term interval protocol (48 h) prolongs the after-effect of EA.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Electroacupuntura , Corteza Motora/fisiología , Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal/métodos , Extremidad Superior , Ejercicio Físico , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología
14.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 1018-1022, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1007436

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of moxibustion at Yongquan(KI 1) on the cognitive function and lower limb motor function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment of kidney essence deficiency.@*METHODS@#Eighty-four patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment of kidney essence deficiency were randomly divided into an observation group(42 cases,1 case dropped off)and a control group(42 cases,1 case dropped off).The control group was treated with medication,electroacupuncture,rehabilitation training and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS);on the basis of the treatment as the control group,moxibustion at bilateral Yongquan(KI 1)was adopted in the observation group.Both groups were treated once a day,5 days a week with 2-day interval,4 weeks were required. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, Fugl-Meyer assessment-lower extremity (FMA-LE) score, Berg balance scale (BBS) score, functional independence measure (FIM) score, modified fall efficacy scale (MFES) score and scale for the differentiation of syndromes of vascular dementia (SDSVD) score before and after treatment were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment,the MoCA, MMSE, FMA-LE, BBS, FIM and MFES scores were higher than those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment,the SDSVD scores were lower than those before treatment in both groups (P< 0.05), and the SDSVD score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P< 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion at Yongquan(KI 1) can improve the cognitive function and motor and balance function of lower limbs in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment of kidney essence deficiency,reduce the risk of fall and improve the quality of life.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Cognición , Disfunción Cognitiva/terapia , Demencia Vascular , Riñón , Extremidad Inferior , Moxibustión , Calidad de Vida , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones
15.
Philippine Journal of Neurology ; : 31-41, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1005182

RESUMEN

Abstract@#Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is a non-invasive brain stimulation process popularly used to treat psychiatric disorders. Multiple evidence shows effectiveness of rTMS in treating addiction, particularly in tobacco or cigarette users. This study consisted of review of current published literatures on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation following predefined eligibility criteria. The studies included evaluated at least one of the epidemiological parameters: (i) the meaning of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (ii) Effectiveness of the Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Simulation Over Behavioral therapy (iii) rTMS-associated adverse events among tobacco users@*Methodology@#We included published studies discussing rTMS in smoking cessation which examined if these interventions were effective and identified whether it has a severe negative effect on the patients. A total of 104 related studies were identified through database searches (Pubmed, Elsevier, Cochrane). Of which, 53 duplicate studies were removed. Five studies were then excluded with more than 10 years in publication. A total of 28 papers were then included in the study.@*Conclusion@#We conclude that rTMS is more effective in treating addiction in terms of smoking compared to behavioral therapy and rTMS affects triggered desired circuit which may be crucial among tobacco users. Individual neuronal excitability in the specific region’s subsequent induction may impact the therapeutic outcomes. With this, the high-frequency rTMS sequentially applied to the left superior medial frontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be an effective tool for improving the cessation rate.


Asunto(s)
Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal , Cese del Hábito de Fumar
16.
Sichuan Mental Health ; (6): 19-24, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-986773

RESUMEN

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the efficacy and cognitive function of adolescents with depression. MethodsA total of sixty adolescent depression patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10) and were admitted to the psychological outpatient clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology from September 2021 to March 2022 were selected for the study, and the random number table method was used to divide the study group (escitalopram oxalate combined with rTMS treatment) and a control group (escitalopram oxalate combined with rTMS pseudo-stimulation treatment) of 30 cases each, and both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Before treatment and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment, patients' depressive symptoms were assessed using the scores and subtraction rates of the Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item (HAMD-24), and before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment, cognitive function was assessed using the Motion Screening Task (MOT), Rule Switch Task (RST) and Delayed Matching-to-Sample (DMS) task of the Zhiyun Neuropsychological Automated Test System assessment. Adverse effects during treatment were recorded in both groups. ResultsRepeated measures ANOVA results showed statistically significant time main effects, group main effects, and the interaction between the two groups for HAMD-24 scores before treatment and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment in patients (F=522.021, 39.905, 26.412, P<0.05). Individual effect analysis showed statistically significant differences in HAMD-24 scores between the two groups after 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment (t=-12.784~-2.776, P<0.01). After 4 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of treatment in the study group was higher than that in the control group (93.33% vs. 73.33%, χ2=4.320, P<0.05), and the differences in each indicator of RST and DMS between the two groups were statistically significant compared with those before treatment (t=-5.616~9.135, P<0.05 or 0.01), and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=-4.823~5.518, P<0.05 or 0.01). ConclusionrTMS may help improve depressive symptoms as well as cognitive function in adolescents with depression.

17.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 516-520, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-975134

RESUMEN

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of graded motor imagery (GMI) combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on upper limb function and activities of daily living of stroke patients. MethodsFrom June, 2022 to February, 2023, 45 stroke patients from Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital and Xuzhou Central Hospital were recruited and divided into control group (n = 15), GMI group (n = 15) and combined group (n = 15) randomly. All the groups received conventional rehabilitation, in addition, GMI group received GMI and the combined group received GMI and rTMS, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Hong Kong version of Functional Test for the Hemiplegic Upper Extremity (FTHUE-HK) before and after treatment. ResultsThe scores of FMA-UE, ARAT and MBI, and grades of FTHUE-HK improved in all the groups after treatment (|t| > 9.681, P < 0.001), and all these indexes were the best in the combined group (F > 13.241, P < 0.001). ConclusionGMI combined with rTMS can further improve the motor function of upper limbs and activities of daily living of stroke patients.

18.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 294-301, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971871

RESUMEN

ObjectiveTo visually analyze the current status, hot spots and frontiers of the researches on transcranial magnetic stimulation for stroke in recent five years. MethodsLiterature related to transcranial magnetic stimulation for stroke were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022, and a visualized analysis was performed using CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software. ResultsThe number of published papers increased year by year, the most prolific author was Abo Masahiro, the country with the largest number of articles was China, and Sun Yat-sen University published the most papers. The hot keywords were cerebral cortex, functional magnetic resonance imaging, cortical excitability, plasticity, etc. The top five keywords of bursting strength were unilateral spatial neglect, poststroke, neuropathic pain, cortical plasticity, and trancallosal inhibition. ConclusionThe popularity of studies on transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of stroke is increasing year by year. In the future, attention can be paid to the therapeutic effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on unilateral spatial neglect, neuropathic pain, etc. Additionally, the influence of transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical plasticity can be further studied.

19.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 286-293, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971870

RESUMEN

ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of post-stroke lower limb dysfunction. MethodsLiterature about rTMS for lower limb dysfunction of patients post stroke were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from inception to August 17, 2022. The quality of the literature was evaluated with Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Literature quality, data extraction and scoping review were performed by two researchers. ResultsA total of 21 studies were included, in which 20 studies suggested that rTMS treatment could promote the recovery of lower limb motor function after stroke. One study showed negative result. rTMS interventions were reported safe, with no serious adverse reactions. There were great heterogeneity in the demographic and clinical information, study protocols, stimulation parameters, coil types, targets of stimulation, and motor-evoked potential measurement in the included studies. ConclusionThe future protocols of rTMS need to be combined with stroke stage and severity of injury. There is a demand for more real vs. sham rTMS studies, reporting similar designs with sufficient information, to achieve a significant level of evidence regarding the use of rTMS in post-stroke patients.

20.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 262-268, 2023.
Artículo en Chino | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971866

RESUMEN

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of combination of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) rope training and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on upper limb motor function of stroke patients with hemiplegia. MethodsFrom March, 2021 to February, 2022, 90 stroke inpatients with hemiplegia in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were divided into control group (n = 30), rope group (n = 30) and combination group (n = 30) randomly. All the groups received routine rehabilitation, while the control group received routine PNF training, the rope group received PNF rope training, and the combination group received PNF rope training and rTMS, for four weeks. They were assessed with Functional Test for the Hemiplegic Upper Extremity-Hong Kong version (FTHUE-HK), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and after treatment. ResultsThe scores of FTHUE-HK, FMA-UE and MBI increased in all the three groups after treatment (t > 2.167, P < 0.05), and they were more in the combination group than in the rope group (P < 0.05), and in the rope group than in the control group (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe combination of PNF rope training and rTMS is more effective on motor function of upper limbs of stroke patients with hemiplegia than PNF training alone.

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