Dyslipidemic effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of raw and roasted xoconostle (Opuntia joconostle) peel / Efecto dislipidémico de extractos acuosos y etanólicos de cáscara cruda y asada de xoconostle (Opuntia joconostle)

The aim of the present study was to assess the impacts of roasting and the type of extraction solvent (ethanol or water) on the hypolipidemic act ivity of xoconostle fruit peel extracts in a tyloxapol - induced model of hyperlipidemia. Water and ethanol extracts from raw and roasted Opuntia joconostle peels were obtained to quantify the phytochemicals contained within and assess their hypolipidemic ac tivity in rats (n=5) against tyloxapol - induced dyslipidemia (400 mg/kg). The raw ethanol and water extracts, as well as the roasted water extract (200 mg/kg), showed hypolipidemic activity in the tyloxapol - treated group ( p <0.05). In contrast, the roasted s ample extracted with ethanol did not show this effect. The concentrations of phenolic compounds (39.80 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (16.42 ± 0.14 mg QE/g) were higher in the ethanolic extracts than in the aqueous extracts. Conversely, the concentration of beta lains (115.51 ± 1.66 mg/100 g) was higher in the water extracts than in the ethanol extracts. It was concluded that the roasting process modified the concentration of some phytochemicals and their antioxidant capacity in vitro , producing a hypolipidemic ef fect in tyloxapol - induced hyperlipidemic rats

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el impacto del tostado y del tipo de disolvente de e xtracción (etanol o agua) sobre la actividad hipolipidémica de los extractos de cáscara de frutos de xoconostle en un modelo de hiperlipidemia inducido por el tyloxapol. Se obtuvieron extractos acuosos y etanólicos de cáscara cruda y asada de Opuntia jocon ostle para cuantificar los fitoquímicos que contienen y evaluar su actividad hipolipidémica en ratas (n=5) contra la dislipidemia inducida por el tyloxapol (400 mg/kg). Los extractos acuosos y etanólicos crudos, así como el extracto acuoso tostado (200 mg/ kg), mostraron actividad hipolipidémica en el grupo tratado con tiloxapol ( p <0,05). En cambio, la muestra asada y extraída con etanol no mostró este efecto. Las concentraciones de compuestos fenólicos (39,80 mg GAE/g) y flavonoides (16,42 ± 0,14 mg QE/g) f ueron mayores en los extractos etanólicos que en los acuosos. Por el contrario, la concentración de betalaínas (115,51 ± 1,66 mg/100 g) fue mayor en los extractos acuosos que en los etanólicos. Se concluyó que el proceso de asado modificó la concentración de algunos fitoquímicos y su capacidad antioxidante in vitro , produciendo un efecto hipolipidémico en ratas hiperlipidémicas inducidas por el tyloxapol.

Studies on schistosome egg quantification in the stool: the improved MIFC technique

Schistosoma japonicum egg quantification using the MIFC and various modifications of the technique was carried out. It was definitely shown that significantly more eggs could be recovered using three sediments per gram sample than when only one sediment is examinedFurther studies show that with the addition of tyloxapol to the MF stock solution and using the original MIFC procedure, more or less the same results as the modified MIFC technique using three sediments could be obtained. A concentration of 0.1% tyloxapol in the MF stock solution may be usedThe examination of three sediments or the addition of tyloxapol in the MF stock solution is, therefore, recommended when the original MIFC technique is used for ova quantification.(Auth. Sum.)

Tyloxapol in bronchial toilet

Fifteen to thirty ml. of tyloxapol was used to nebulize 20 chronic bronchopulmonary patients for 15 minutes every morning for one month except Sunday. Cross over study with same volume of normal saline solution (NSS) and vodka in distilled water were done respectivelyTyloxapol aerosol showed an increase in FVC by 12%, in Fev 1.0 sec. by 26% and in MBC by 21%. The total pulmonary resistance to airflow decreased by 9% without signficant change in dynamic lung compliance. There was no alteration in the respiratory gas exchange. Sputum volume and weight rose, the density dropped, surface tension and viscosity diminished considerablyThe cross-over study with NSS and vodka demonstrated practically no change except for the modest surface tension and viscosity reduction with vodka. The mechanism of the improvement with tyloxapol was explained. (Summary)