Experiencia en 24 pacientes con técnica de traqueostomía con incisión vertical por una limitación de la visibilidad secundaria a equipo de protección ocular en el área de cuidados intensivos respiratorios COVID / Experience in 24 patients with vertical incision tracheostomy technique for a lowing visibility for protection security equipment in COVID intensive care respiratory / Experiência em 24 pacientes com tecnica de traqueostomia por incisão vertical devido à visibilidade limitada secundária a equipamentos de proteção ocular na área de terapia intensiva respiratória COVID

Resumen: El uso de equipo de protección personal, en especial protección ocular, limita la visión al momento de llevar a cabo procedimientos quirúrgicos en área COVID. Estas limitaciones nos obligan a hacer modificaciones en procedimientos habituales, en esta ocasión se realizó una modificación a la incisión habitual del procedimiento de traqueostomía abierta. Se hizo una modificación descrita en bibliografías previas en la orientación de la incisión, cambiando la orientación habitual de la incisión horizontal a una incisión vertical, conservando el resto de la técnica y disección de planos habituales así como colocación de cánula. La modificación de la técnica tiene como objetivo disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones ocasionadas por la poca visión por parte del equipo de protección personal. Dentro de estas complicaciones se incluyen disminuir el riesgo de lesión a grandes vasos que por anatomía se encuentran en sitio anatómico a procedimiento, mejorar las condiciones de visión al ser un único plano de disección muscular y aponeurótico, disminuir sangrado transoperatorio al incidir en línea media, con ello reducir el riesgo de complicaciones y mejorar las condiciones de visión del operador.

Abstract: The use of personal protective equipment, especially eye protection, limits vision when performing surgical procedures in the COVID area, these limitations force us to make modifications to usual procedures, on this occasion a modification is made to the usual incision of the procedure open tracheostomy. A modification described in previous bibliographies was made, modifying the orientation of the incision, changing the usual orientation of the horizontal incision to a vertical incision, preserving the rest of the technique and dissection of the usual planes as well as placement of the cannula. The modification of the technique aims to reduce the risk of complications caused by poor vision due to personal protective equipment, within these complications to reduce the risk of injury to large vessels that by anatomy are in the anatomical site of the procedure, improve the vision conditions as it is a single muscle and aponeurotic dissection plane, reduce transoperative bleeding by incising in the midline, thereby reducing the risk of complications, improving the operator's vision conditions and reducing the risk of infection of personal health.

Resumo: O uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, principalmente proteção ocular, limita a visão ao realizar procedimentos cirúrgicos na área COVID. Essas limitações nos obrigam a fazer modificações nos procedimentos usuais, nesta ocasião foi feita uma modificação na incisão usual do procedimento de traqueostomia aberta. Realizou-se uma modificação descrita em bibliografias anteriores modificando a orientação da incisão, mudando a orientação usual da incisão horizontal para uma incisão vertical, mantendo o resto da técnica e dissecção dos planos habituais, bem como a colocação da cânula. A modificação da técnica visa diminuir o risco de complicações causadas pela má visão por equipamentos de proteção individual, dentro dessas complicações diminuir o risco de lesão de grandes vasos que pela anatomia estão no local anatômico do procedimento, melhorar as condições de visão ao ser um único plano de dissecção muscular e aponeurótica, reduzindo o sangramento intraoperatório por incisão na linha média, diminuindo assim o risco de complicações, melhorando as condições de visão do operador.

Analysis of plasma coagulation function in male Tibetan population with different hemoglobin content in Tibet / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the correlation between blood coagulation function and hemoglobin(Hb) content in male Tibetan population in Tibet by analyzing and comparing the indexes of blood coagulation function in male Tibetan population with different Hb contents, so as to provide the basis for formulating blood donation criteria and blood component quality standard suitable for high altitude area. 【Methods】 Male Tibetans in Tibet during November 2018 to January 2019 were randomly selected and divided into three groups according to the Hb content. The healthy male volunteers in plain area were taken as the control. The plasma PT, APTT, TT, Fg, coagulation factor Ⅱ(FⅡ), FⅤ, FⅦ, FⅧ, FⅨ, FⅩ, FⅪ, FⅫ and protein C(PC) content of each group were measured and compared. 【Results】 The Fg was not different by groups(P>0.05); PT, APTT and TT in group C (Hb>210 g/L) in Tibet were significantly higher than those in controls [PT( s) : 11.48±1.18 vs 13.79±3.73; APTT( s) : 36.71±2.93 vs 43.30±4.56; TT( s) : 15.77±0.95 vs 17.94±2.43, P0.05), except PC conctent of group A was slightly higher than that of group B. 【Conclusion】 The plasma characteristics of Tibetan male with Hb content more than 210 g/L is different from that in plain and other high altitude area, such as prolonged coagulation time and significantly decreased coagulation factor content. Therefore, it is important to put forward the health examination requirements for blood donors and quality standards for whole blood and blood components suitable for high altitude areas in Tibet.

Study on synergistic mechanism of pangolin in high temperature sand-fried processing / 中草药

Objective Traditional raw pangolin products are not used as medicine, which can only be used as medicine after processing. Therefore, the processing mechanism of high temperature sand-fried pangolin was studied. Methods The changes of liposolubility and protein composition of pangolin before and after processing were analyzed by TLC and Nano LC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS. Meanwhile, the simulation processing of cyclic dipeptides, which were significantly increased during processing, was performed. The activity of L-serine-L-tyrosine cyclic dipeptide was screened. Results The results showed that there was no significant change in fat-soluble components, significant decrease in polypeptides and significant increase in cyclic dipeptides after the sand-fried processing of pangolin. The formation of cyclic dipeptides was mainly related to the heating of the processing. At low temperature, the N-terminal of the linear peptide could be cycled to form L-shaped cyclic dipeptides. At high temperature, the N-terminal and C-terminal of the linear peptide could be rapidly cycled to form cyclic dipeptides. L-serine-L-tyrosine cyclic dipeptide could prolong coagulation time and increase the proliferation rate of mammary epithelial cells and the expression of genes related to milk protein synthesis in dairy cows. It also had significant analgesic activity, which was consistent with the traditional efficacy of pangolin. Conclusion These results suggested that large amounts of L-serine-L-tyrosine cyclic dipeptide produced by the processing of pangolin may be one of the material bases for enhancing the processing efficiency of pangolin. It was of great significance for revealing the material basis of pharmacodynamics of pangolin, searching for alternative resources and protecting pangolin.

Study on processing technology of Gardenia jasminoides carbon based on thermal analysis and comprehensive evaluation / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the processing technology of Gardenia jasminoides carbon and validate the process with pharmacodynamics research. Methods: The pyrolysis characteristics of different active components in G. jasminoides were analyzed by thermal analysis technology, and the optimum processing temperature range of G. jasminoides carbon was obtained; Taking the tannin content in G. jasminoides carbon as the index, two factors of stir-frying temperature and stir-frying time was chosen to optimize the processing technology of G. jasminoides carbon by response surface methodology, and the processing technology of G. jasminoides carbon was verified by pharmacodynamics experiment (hemostasis test). Results: The optimum processing temperature range of G. jasminoides carbon was 290.3-387 ℃, response surface methodology was used to optimize the processing technology of G. jasminoides carbon: The processing temperature was 330 ℃, the processing time was 5.91 min, and the tannin content was 3.120 mg/g; Compared with the blank group, the new method group and the traditional group could significantly shorten the clotting time of mice (P < 0.01), raw product group can significantly shorten the clotting time of mice (P < 0.05), the new method group can significantly shorten APTT in mice (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in PT and TT in mice. Conclusion: The processing technology of G. jasminoides carbon was optimized by thermal analysis technology and response surface methodology, and the results were verified by pharmacodynamics experiments. The method can provide a reference for improving the processing technology of Chinese materia medica and quantifying the fire parameters in the process of processing.

Act values after neutralization lower than pre-heparinization act leads to lower operative times, bleeding, and post-operative transfusions in cabg pa

Abstract Objective: To evaluate if lower activated coagulation time (ACT) value after neutralization than preoperative ACT value was effective in reducing bleeding, operative times, and post-operative transfusions in patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Retrospective selection of 398 patients from January 2014 to May 2017. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to final ACT after neutralization: A - final ACT lower than preoperative ACT; and B - final ACT higher than or equal to preoperative ACT. Hemostatic time, intraoperative blood loss, ACT after final neutralization, mediastinal blood loss, and transfusion requirements were observed. Results: The hourly blood loss in the Group A was generally lower than in the Group B at first 3 hours, which has significant difference (P<0.05). However, there was no difference after 3 hours between the two groups. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, mediastinal blood loss, transfusion requirements, and drainage in the first postoperative 12 hours in the Group A were lower than in Group B, which has significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, final ACT values lower than pre-heparinization ACT values are safe and lead to lower operative times, bleeding, and post-operative transfusions.

Hemostatic effect and mechanism of a non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletilla striata / 中国药理学通报

Aim To understand the hemostatic effect of a non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletilla striata ( BS-80EE) and to clarify its mechanism of action .Methods The non-polysaccharide fraction ( BS-80 EE ) was prepared by passing the 95%ethanol extract of Bletilla striata through a D101 macroporous resin column elu-ted first with water and then with 80%ethanol.Bleed-ing time ( BT ) and clotting time ( CT ) of heparinized mice were employed as indicators for evaluating the he-mostatic effect of BS-80EE.The mechanism of action was investigated through observing the effect of BS-80 EE on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate ( ADP) in rats with nephelometry and tes-ting the effect of BS-80EE on the thrombin time(TT), prothrombin time(PT), activated partial thromboplas-tin time(APTT), fibrinogen(FIB), P-selectin(P-S), thrombin-antithrombin complex ( TAT ) , D-dimer ( D-D) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1 ) . Results BS-80 EE significantly shortened the CT and BT( P<0.01 or 0.05 ) of heparin mice in a dose-de-pendent manner; groups of all doses significantly re-duced the rat TT ( P <0.01 or 0.05 ) , and the high-dose group significantly increased the FIB content ( P<0.05); the mid-dose group and high-dose groups of BS-80EE significantly increased the contents of P-S, TAT and PAI-1 , while reduced the D-D production in rats ( P <0.01 ); although dose-dependent reductions of APTT and PT were observed for each treatment-group, no significance was observed .Conclusion BS-80EE possess pronounced hemostatic effect by promo-ting platelet aggregation and coagulation .

The Effect of Lupus Anticoagulant Detected in Children with Respiratory Tract Infection on in vitro Coagulation Time / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted in order to investigate the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) in children with respiratory tract infection and to evaluate the effect of LA on in vitro coagulation time.METHODS: This study included 46 subjects, showing positivity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) IgM antibody and 37 subjects positive to various respiratory viruses (RV). The titer of LA and PT/aPTT were examined and investigated the effect of LA on PT/aPTT.RESULTS: None of the subjects showed any evidence of bleeding or thrombosis during conduct of the study. Positive LA (LA titer> or =1.34) was significantly more frequent in MP group (39.1%) than RV group (18.9%)(P<0.05). Total prevalence of positive LA was 30.1%, among them 22.9% was low positive LA (1.34< or =LA<2.0) and 7.2% was high positive LA (LA> or =2.0). Low LA positive group showed only mild PT prolongation (13.0<PT<20 sec) and the prevalence was more frequent than LA negative group (P<0.05). However, aPTT prolongation was not more frequent in low LA positive group than LA negative group (P>0.05). All subjects of high LA positive group showed severe prolongation of aPTT (> or =60 sec), however, severe PT prolongation (> or =20 sec) was not noticed.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of LA was relatively high in children with respiratory tract infection, however, most of them are mildly elevated. Low LA positivity was related to the mild prolongation of PT. But high LA positivity markedly prolongs the aPTT without marked prolongation of PT.

The Effect of Lupus Anticoagulant Detected in Children with Respiratory Tract Infection on in vitro Coagulation Time / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted in order to investigate the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) in children with respiratory tract infection and to evaluate the effect of LA on in vitro coagulation time. METHODS: This study included 46 subjects, showing positivity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) IgM antibody and 37 subjects positive to various respiratory viruses (RV). The titer of LA and PT/aPTT were examined and investigated the effect of LA on PT/aPTT. RESULTS: None of the subjects showed any evidence of bleeding or thrombosis during conduct of the study. Positive LA (LA titer> or =1.34) was significantly more frequent in MP group (39.1%) than RV group (18.9%)(P or =2.0). Low LA positive group showed only mild PT prolongation (13.00.05). All subjects of high LA positive group showed severe prolongation of aPTT (> or =60 sec), however, severe PT prolongation (> or =20 sec) was not noticed. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of LA was relatively high in children with respiratory tract infection, however, most of them are mildly elevated. Low LA positivity was related to the mild prolongation of PT. But high LA positivity markedly prolongs the aPTT without marked prolongation of PT.

Evaluación del tripolifosfato de sodio como anticoagulante en determinaciones hematológicas en seres humanos / Assessment of anticoagulant sodium tripolyphosphate used in hematologic determinations in human being

El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la utilidad del tripolifosfato de sodio (TPF) como anticoagulante en diferentes determinaciones hematológicas en seres humanos. Muestras de sangre venosa procedentes de adultos sanos de ambos sexos fueron anticoaguladas con TPF, sales dipotásicas del ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) y citrato de sodio. Las muestras anticoaguladas con EDTA y citrato de sodio fueron utilizadas como controles. Al comparar los valores obtenidos en todas las pruebas realizadas se encontró que la sangre anticoagulada con TPF ofreció resultados similares a las tratadas con los anticoagulantes usados como controles. Los resultados muestran que es posible la utilización del TPF para la determinación de los parámetros de hematología completa y tiempos de coagulación, permitiendo el uso de una sola muestra con menos volumen sanguíneo, lo cual resultaría beneficioso para los pacientes en quienes la extracción de importantes volúmenes de sangre es en ocasiones difícil y molesta.

The aim of present study was to assess the usefulness of anticoagulant sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) in different hematologic determinations in human beings. Venous blood samples from healthy adults of both sexes were anticoagulated with TPP, dipotassium salts of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and sodium citrate. Anticoagulated samples with EDTA and sodium citrate were used as controls. Verifying the values achieved in all tests performed we noted that anticoagulated blood with TPP offered results similar to those treated with anticoagulant used as controls. Results show that it is possible the use of TPP to determine the parameters of total hematology and coagulation times, allowing the use of only one sample with less blood volume, which could be beneficial for patients in which blood collection in significant volumes in occasions is difficult and annoying.

Study on Hemostatic Effects of Qishu Gongxuening Granules / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To study the hemostatic effects of Qishu gongxue granules. METHODS: Kunming mice and Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e. normal control group, Fuke zhixuening group and Qishu gongxuening granules high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups. The change of coagulation time was compared among five groups. The value of PT and APTT were determined. Platelet aggregative function in rats was detected. RESULTS: Qishu gongxuening granules could reduce coagulation time of model mice and the level of PT and APTT in rats while it enhanced platelet aggregative function in rats. CONCLUSION: Qishu gongxuening granules can reduce coagulation time and it can be used for uterine bleeding. Hemostatic mechanism is associated with the production of plasmozyme and thrombokinase in the coagulation of blood and platelet aggregative function.

Fixed Dose Regimen of Heparin Administration with Activated Coagulation Time During Cardiopulmonary Bypass / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: The fixed dose regimen with activated coagulation time (ACT) is the most commonly employed method for determining the required dosage of heparin and protamine during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a prospective study on a fixed dose regimen for analyzing adequate dosages of heparin and protamine, the incidence of heparin resistance and heparin-induced thrombocyt openia, factors affecting ACT during CPB, and changes of ACT during aprotinin usage. 300 units/kg of heparin were administered to patients, and ACTs were measured after 5 mins. ACTs were checked at 10 mins and 30 mins after the onset of CPB, and then at 30 min intervals thereafter. If the measured ACT was under 400 secs, we added 100 units/kg of heparin. The heparin was reversed with 1 mg of protamine for each 100 units administered. If the measured ACT was longer than 130 secs 30 mins after protamine administration or if there was definitive evidence of a coagulation defect, we administered a further 0.5 mg/kg of protamine. RESULT: We studied 80 patients (50 adults and 30 children) who underwent open heart surgery (OHS) at Seoul National University Hospital. Preoperative ACT was 114.3+/-19.3 secs in adults, and 119.5+/-18.2 secs in children. There were no differences in preoperative ACT due to age, body weight, body surface area, or sex. The preoperative ACT was not influenced by a positive past history of OHS. Ten adults (20%) and 3 pediatric patients (10%) needed additional doses of heparin to maintain the ACT above 400 secs. Additional protamine administration was needed in 9 adults (18%) and 10 children (33%). Heparin resistance was found in only two adults. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was detected in 2 adults and 1 child. During CPB, ACT was prolonged. 12 adult patients received a low dose of aprotinin and showed longer celite activated ACT compared to the control group.The kaolin activated ACT showed a lower tendency than the celite activated ACT in aprotinin users. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, fixed dose regimen of heparin and protamine can be used without significant problems, but the incidence of need of additional dosage remains unsatisfactory.

Monitoring of Activated Coagulation Time with Kaolin vs. Celite Activator in Cardiac Surgical Patients with Aprotinin / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: High-dose aprotinin has been reported to enhance the anticoagulant effects of heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass ; hence, som authors have advocated reducing the dose of heparin in patients treated with aprotinin. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The ACT was measured before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass, with Hemochron 801 system using two activators of celite (C-ACT) and kaolin (K-ACT) as surface activator. From June, 1996 to February, 1997, 22 adult patients who were scheduled for elective operation were enrolled in this study. RESULT: The ACT without heparin did not differ between C-ACT and K-ACT. At 30 minutes after anticoagulation with heparin and cardiopulmonary bypass, the average C-ACT was 928+/-400 s; K-ACT was 572+/-159s (p<0.05). After administration of protamine, C-ACT was 137+/-26 s; K-ACT was 139+/-28s, which were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the significant increase in the ACT during heparin-induced anticoagulation in the presence of aprotinin was due to the use of celite as surface activator, rather than due to enhanced anticoagulation of heparin by aprotinin. We conclude that the ACT measured with kaolin provides better monitoring of cardiac surgical patients treated with high dose aprotinin than does the ACT measured with celite. The patients treated with aprotinin should receive the usual doses of heparin.

Activated Coagulation Time (ACT) Differences between Arterial and Venous Blood Samples in Patients with Open Heart Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Activated coagulation time (ACT) is commonly used to guide heparin and protamine dosing during cardiovascular surgery. There are many factors that influence the ACT such as time of test, hemodilution, temperature, aprotinin and etc. We considered the other factor that influence the ACT, the route of blood sample. METHODS: This study included 40 patients who were scheduled for cardiac surgery. Whole blood was sampled through arterial and central venous line at 10 minutes after surgical incision and heparin administration. The ACT was measured with Hemochron 801 blood coagulation timer with 12 mg of celite surface activator. RESULTS: At 10 minutes after surgical incision and heparin administration, arterial blood and venous blood ACTs were 127 20, 537 214 seconds and 118 18, 496 145 seconds respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the venous blood ACT is more less than arterial blood ACT during cardiovascular surgery.

Effects of Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense alkaloids on platelet aggregation and time of coagulation and bleeding / 中草药

Object To study the effects of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussuriense Nakai alkaloids (VnA) on platelet aggregation in rats and coagulation time, bleeding time in mice. Methods The antiplatelet effect of VnA was examined by determining platelet aggregation rate in normal rats and blood stasis model rats by turbidimetric method developed by Born. Whole blood coagulation time (CT) in mice was measured by capillary glass tube method, bleeding time (BT) by hemorrhagic transection of mouse tail model. Results VnA (45, 30, and 15 ?g/kg, iv) significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rats in a dose-dependent manner. VnA (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ?g/kg, ip) markedly increased CT and BT in mice. VnA [49.3 ?g/kg, which was anticoagulantly equieffective to heparin (1.25 mg/kg), ip] prolonged BT. There was no statistically significant difference in BT between VnA and heparin, although BT increase induced by VnA was shorter than that induced by heparin. Conclusion VnA has significant antiplatelet effect in rats and can prolong CT and BT in mice. At equieffective dose VnA-induced BT increase does not exceed that heparin induced.

Effects of the Dose of Protamine Sulfate Calculated by the Dose Response Curve Method or the Fixed Dose Method on the Activated Coagulation Time / 대한마취과학회지

We studied 37 patients in order to evaluate the heparin-neutralizing efficacy of the protamine dose calculated by either the fixed dose method or the dose response curve method on the activated coagulation time(ACT) during open heart surgery. According to the method calculating the protamine dose, the patients were randomly allocated to receive the protamine dose calculated by either the fixed dose method(N=17) or the dose response curve method(N= 20). The ACT was measured at immediately after sternotomy(baseline ACT) and 5 minutes after protamine administration(post-protamine ACT). There were no significant differences in baseline ACT or post-protamine ACT values between the two groups. The baseline ACT values in each group were not significantly different from those of post-protamine ACT. The patient numbers of post-protamine ACT values over 130 seconds and the differences from baseline ACT to post-protamine ACT were not significantly different between both groups. The results suggest the a dose of protamine sulfate calculated by a fixed dose method instead of a dose response curve method is available for neutralizing a heparin effect during open heart surgery.

Acute toxicity and antithrombotic effect of Xunengda Tablets on mice / 中成药

Objective: To determine the maximal tolerance of Xunengda Tablets on mice and explore curative effects of its antithrombotic effect and provide the theoretical basis for selecting drugs. Methods:Mice were given maximal dose, 26g?kg -1 of body weight, XND Ig once; Divided 53 mice into five groups, they were administered XND tab.(3g?kg -1 ), RSC(1.25g?kg -1 ), CDDP(1.25g?kg -1 ), XSTL(2.5g?kg -1 ), and NS once daily for 7 days, repectively; 1h after treatment the seventh day, the animals of groups iv. were given collagen adr by producing whole organism thrombus, observing the mortality, They were determined coagulation time with the blood capillaries and the number of writhings per mouse was recorded in order to determine pain. Results:Maximal tolerance (Ig) is 26g?kg -1 , 886.7 times the dose of clinical application apart from XSTL, three kinds of drug showed the avidence of antithrombotic effect ( P

The Change of Activated Coagulation Time during Cardiac Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

Since it's introduction by Hattersley in 1966, the acivated coagulation time(ACT) is widely used as a indicator of coagulation status of a patient during cardiac surgery. There have been many studies about the pre-heparin and post-heparin(post-protamine) ACT's, but the results vary. Comparisons of baseline ACT to postprotamine ACT revealed that there were studies which showed postprotamine ACT significantly above baseline ACT, while others were opposite. So we checked baseline ACT at three different point of time: 1) before anesthetic induction; 2) after anesthetic induction; 3) after sternotomy. We also checked postheparin and postprotamine ACT, and compared it with baseline ACTs. The postprotamine ACT showed significant increase compared with the preinduction and postinduction ACT and no significant differences between preheparin ACTs. We think that hemodilution and hypothermia might have influenced on the postprotamine ACT. It seems that baseline ACT can be measured anytime before the injection of heparin. But there are many factors which can influence the measurement of the ACT. Therefore, cares must be taken in the interpretating the result of ACT, considering the factors of ACT variability and clinical observations of blood coagulability.

Protective effects of trigonella foenum graecum L.on acute cerebral ischemia / 中国药理学通报

S AIM To study the protective effects of trigonella foenum graecum(TFGs) on acute cerebral ischemia. METHODS Acute incomplete ischemia was induced by ligaturing bilateral carotid arterise and cutting heads in mice, the survival time and asthmatic time were observed; the coagulation time was measured by sheet glass method,and the blood viscosity was also assayed; the platelet aggregation induced by collagen were studied by turbdimetry in vitro . RESULTS TFGs prolonged survival time, coagulation time and asthmatic time significantly and inhibited platelet aggregation ratio in rabbit,and decreased the blood viscosity. CONCLUSION TFGs has the protective effects on acute cerebral ischemia.

Effects of liensinine on platelet aggregation and coagulability and thrombotic activity / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of Liensinine on platelet aggregation and coagulation function in rats,as well as the effect on experimental thrombosis.Methods Inhibition rates of platelet aggregation for Liensinine in vivo were determined by the model of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate.Coagulation time of mice was measured by capillary vessel method,and bleeding time of mice was measured by tail-cutting method.The effects of Liensinine were also evaluated on prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)and thrombin time(TT).The model of artery-vein bypass thrombosis and Chandler's model were established to observe the effect of Liensinine.Results The result showed that Liensinine 5 and 10 mg?kg-1 had significant effect on inhibition of platelet aggregation and markedly prolonged bleeding time,coagulation time,PT,APTT and TT.Liensinine 5 and 10 mg?kg-1 inhibited the artery-vein bypass and Chandler's thrombus in different degree,reduced the thrombus weight significantly (either wet ordry).Conclusion Liensinine exerts remarkable effect against thrombosis and possesses strong effect against platelet aggregation and coagulation.

PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HEMOSTATIC EFFECT OF LIMONIUM BICOLOR(BGE) O KTZE / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

The decoction of Limonium bicolor (Bge.) O. Ktze (LBK) (15g/kg, corresponding to crude drugs) and the alcoholic extractive fluid of LBK (15g/kg. corresponding to crude drugs) were given orally to two groups of rats two times dailyrespectively. After four days, bleeding time of rats was shortened significantly with no distinet effect on coagulation time. The alcoholic extractive fluid (20g/kg, corresponding to crude drugs) was given orally to rats two times dally. After four days, experimental arterial thrombosis was promoted significantly. Obviously, arterial thrombosis is mainly related to platelet adhesion and aggregation, suggesting that the mechanism of the hemostatic effect of LBK may be related to its promotion of platelet adhesion and aggregation. When the decoction of LBK was given orally to mice, LD_(50) was 58.37 ? 10.77g/kg(p = 0.95).