Análise de Perícias Psicológicas de Trânsito: Um Olhar sobre os Construtos Cognitivos / Analysis of Traffic Psychological Expertise: A Look at Cognitive Constructs / Análisis de la Experiencia Psicológica del Tráfico: Una Mirada a los Constructos Cognitivos

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar perícias psicológicas realizadas em cidades do Paraná do ano de 2019 no que tange aos aspectos cognitivos. Para tanto, foram consultados 1009 processos arquivados em clínicas credenciadas ao Departamento de Trânsito do Paraná (DETRAN-Pr). Os resultados, inerentes à caracterização das perícias, apontaram que os participantes com idade média de 27 anos, 44,4% possuindo ensino médio completo, 72,2% para a 1ª habilitação, 61% para a categoria A/B. Foram encontrados 12 tipos de instrumentos de Avaliação Psicológica padronizados. Os resultados apontam desempenho médio nos instrumentos e relação de dependência entre os principais construtos investigados. Considera-se que, além de habilidades cognitivas preservadas, a formação dos condutores desde o ensino básico é importante contribuinte para o trânsito seguro.(AU)

The objective of this research was to analyze psychological tests conducted in cities in the state of Paraná in the year 2019, focusing on cognitive aspects. For this purpose, we examined 1009 records from clinics accredited to the State Traffic Department of Paraná (DETRAN-Pr). The results, inherent to the characterization of the expertise, pointed out that the participants had an average age of 27 years, 44.4% had completed secondary education, 72.2% were first-time applicants, and 61% had the A/B category. Twelve types of standardized Psychological Assessment instruments were found. The results indicated that participants exhibited an average performance in these instruments, and there was a significant correlation between the main constructs investigated. These findings suggest that, in addition to maintaining cognitive skills, providing driver education starting from elementary school could significantly contribute to enhancing road safety.(AU)

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las pruebas psicológicas realizadas en ciudades de Paraná en el año 2019 sobre aspectos cognitivos. Para ello se consultaron 1009 expedientes archivados en clínicas acreditadas ante el Departamento de Tránsito de Paraná (DETRAN-Pr). Los resultados, inherentes a la caracterización de la especialización, apuntaron que los participantes tenían una edad media de 27 años, 44,4% tenían estudios secundarios completos, 72,2% para el 1º título, 61% para la categoría A/B. Se encontraron doce tipos de instrumentos de Evaluación Psicológica estandarizados. Los resultados muestran un desempeño promedio en los instrumentos y una relación de dependencia entre los principales constructos investigados. Se considera que, además de preservar las habilidades cognitivas, la formación de los conductores desde la escuela primaria en adelante es un importante contribuyente a la seguridad del tráfico.(AU)

Perspectiva temporal futura: Teorias, construtos e instrumentos / Future time perspective: Theories, constructs, and instruments / Perspectiva temporal futura: teorías, constructos y instrumentos

O objetivo deste estudo teórico é apresentar as principais teorias, construtos e instrumentos utilizados na literatura internacional sobre perspectiva temporal futura (PTF). A revisão indicou dois tipos de abordagens teóricas. As abordagens atemáticas destacam uma tendência geral que orienta processos psicológicos associados ao futuro, de modo a investigar a PTF com escalas psicométricas cujos itens não se associam a conteúdos específicos. As abordagens temáticas enfocam as antecipações do futuro psicológico no presente e investigam as representações de futuro e os seus aspectos cognitivos, dinâmicos, afetivos e comportamentais. Os métodos de avaliação incluem escalas psicométricas associadas a domínios da vida ou instrumentos em que o conteúdo da PTF é listado de modo indutivo. As duas abordagens não são excludentes, mas complementares.

This theoretical study presents the main theories, constructs, and instruments used in international literature on future temporal perspective (FTP). The review indicated two theoretical approaches about the theme. The athematic approaches highlight a general tendency that guides psychological processes associated with future, in order to investigate FTP with psychometric scales with items not associated with specific contents. The thematic approaches focus on the anticipations of psychological future in present and investigate future representations and their cognitive, dynamic, affective, and behavioral aspects. Assessment methods include psychometric scales associated with life domains or instruments in which FTP content is listed inductively. The two approaches are not exclusive, but complementary.

El objetivo de este estudio teórico es presentar las principales teorías, constructos e instrumentos utilizados en la literatura internacional sobre perspectiva temporal futura (PTF). La revisión indicó dos tipos de enfoques teóricos. Los enfoques atemáticos destacan una tendencia general que orienta procesos psicológicos asociados al futuro, de modo a investigar la PTF con escalas psicométricas cuyos ítems no se asocian a contenidos específicos. Los enfoques temáticos enfocan las anticipaciones del futuro psicológico en el presente e investigan las representaciones de futuro y sus aspectos cognitivos, dinámicos, afectivos y comportamentales. Los métodos de evaluación incluyen escalas psicométricas asociadas a ámbitos de la vida o instrumentos en los que el contenido de la PTF se muestra de forma inductiva. Los dos enfoques no son excluyentes, sino complementarios.

Biophysical methods for quality evaluation of decellularized and recellularized tissue-engineered constructs of organs and tissues

Tissue engineering is rapidly growing now and can become a promising alternative to transplantation of organs and tissues,as it is devoid of major shortcomings of transplantology, such as acute shortage, complexity of selection, delivery andstorage of donor material, lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. One of the most widely known methods of obtainingbiological scaffolds for the subsequent creation of tissue-engineered constructs of organs and tissues is decellularization.The evaluation of the quality of the obtained scaffolds, based on the study of the viability of cell structures in decellularizedand recellularized matrices, is one of the priorities of modern regenerative medicine worldwide. In this investigation, thebiophysical criteria of decellularization and recellularization of tissue-engineered constructs based on the evaluation of thegeneration of free radicals in native, decellularized and recellularized tissues by EPR spectroscopy and chemoluminescencein a complex assessment of the quality of biological matrixes obtained are considered using intrathoracic organs and tissuesof rats. It has been established that the intensity indices of free radical generation in native and recellularized tissues ofanimal organs, as well as in decellularized matrices, can serve as one of the express criteria for quantitative assessment ofcell structures viability

Resiliencia y constructos personales de victimización en individuos vulnerados por el conflicto armado / Resilience and personal constructions in individual victims in the armed conflict

El presente trabajo investigativo parte de la postura de que ahondar sobre el conflicto armado y sus efectos en la población colombiana, es referirse a un tema que durante años ha evolucionado en diferentes periodos trascendentales generando diversas posturas, pero que indudablemente solo se puede describir de manera particular por quien ha vivido el rigor de la lucha por el poder económico y político, teniendo en cuenta esto, se desarrolla un estudio mediante un paradigma explicativo e interpretativo que contempla una metodología mixta, dirigida a indagar la relación entre el nivel de resiliencia y los constructos personales de aquellos individuos vulnerados por el conflicto armado, evidenciándose una disonancia entre el análisis de los resultados, al hallarse habilidades resilientes en los sujetos desde lo cuantitativo, las cuales no estaban representadas, desde un foco cualitativo, en el discurso de la mayoría de individuos, pues su subjetividad refería constructos poco ligados a la resiliencia. En tanto, se devela la relevancia de ejecutar acciones no solo inclinadas en hacer una reparación desde lo legal, sino que traigan a colación las significaciones individuales de las víctimas, para que estas puedan trascender y superar las secuelas que dificultan el desarrollo en las dimensiones psicológicas, sociales y emocionales que de alguna manera prolongan el flagelo y perpetúan el asistencialismo.

This paper is part of an effort to try to go deeper into the armed conflict and its effect on the Colombian people, it refers to a topic that has evolved into transcendental periods creating diverse postures that can only be described by those who have lived the political and economic struggle. Taking this perspective into account, this study was carried out under an explanatory and interpretative paradigm using a mixed methodo- logy looking to analyze the relationship between the level of resilience and the personal construction of those individuals victims of the armed conflict, displaying a dissonance between the result analysis of the results in finding the resilient abilities in subjects using a quantitative perspective, since their subjectivity referred constructions that were not very resilient. Therefore, there is the relevance of carrying out actions not only meant to repair forma legal perspective but that bring meaning to individual victims so that they may transcend and overcome the aftermath that hinder the development of psychological, social and emotional dimensions that in some way or another elongate the pain and extend assistance.

Psicoterapia de constructos personales: intervención centrada en dilemas en un caso de ansiedad generalizada / Psychotherapy of personal constructs: intervention focused on dilemmas in a case of generalized anxiety

Esta presentación de caso, expone una intervención de Constructos Personales centrada en dilemas implicativos en una adolescente de 16 años de la ciudad de Medellín diagnosticada con Porfiria Aguda Intermitente de acuerdo con la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE 10) y con Trastorno De Ansiedad Generalizada (TAG) acorde a los criterios del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales, quinta edición (DSM 5). El proceso terapéutico se desarrolló en deciseís sesiones, teniendo como punto de referencia los parámetros propuestos por Senra, Feixas y Fernandes (2005), quienes plantean un protocolo general para el abordaje de estructuras dilemáticas, igualmente se consideró la elaboración posterior de Feixas y Compañ (2015) para el diseño del proceso terapéutico. Se definieron los dilemas implicativos a partir de la entrevista, la técnica de rejilla y la autocaracterización (Kelly, 1955). Durante la psicoterapia se abordaron dos de las configuraciones dilemáticas, las cuales se relacionaban con competencia personal e interacción social. En la etapa de finalización del tratamiento se evidenciaron cambios significativos a nivel del sistema de construcciones personales tales como el aumento de la autoestima, mayor percepción de cercanía con las personas significativas, así como una mayor adecuación de éstos a sus construcciones valoradas, transformaciones cuantificadas gracias a la Técnica de Rejilla de Kelly. Igualmente, a nivel sintomático se lograron cambios notables, partiendo de la comparación de las mediciones pre-post tratamiento obtenidas con el inventario de ansiedad y depresión de Beck (BAI, BDI II). Estos resultados aportan evidencia a la Psicología de Constructos Personales, confirmando hallazgos anteriormente expuestos en la literatura científica.

This case presentation exposes an intervention of personal constructs, focused on implicative dilemmas in a 16-year-old girl from Medellin diagnosed with intermittent acute porphyria (AIP) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10) and with disorder of generalized anxiety (DGA) according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM 5). The therapeutic process was developed in sixteen sessions, having as reference the parameters proposed by Senra, Feixas, and Fernandes (2005), who propose a general protocol for the approach of dilemmatic structures, the subsequent elaboration of Feixas and Compañ was also considered (2015) for the design of the therapeutic process. The implicative dilemmas were defined from the interview, the grid technique and the self-characterization (Kelly, 1955). During psychotherapy, two of the dilemmatic configurations were addressed, which related to personal competence and social interaction. In the stage of completion of the treatment, significant changes were evidenced at the level of the personal construction system such as the increase of self-esteem, greater perception of closeness with significant people, as well as, a greater adaptation of these to their value constructions; quantified transformations thanks to Kelly's Grid Technique. Similarly, significant changes were achieved at the symptomatic level, based on the comparison of pre-post treatment measurements obtained with Beck's anxiety and depression inventory (BAI, BDI II). These results provide evidence to the psychology of personal constructs, which confirms findings previously exposed in the scientific literature.

Games in the environmental context and their strategic use for environmental education

p>This article aims to present the productivity of the assumptions of Philosophical Hermeneutics (Gadamer, 1996) and his discovery of the logical, ontological and structural model of the game that takes place during the experience that is the basis of comprehension. Thus, digital games are proposed as manners, methods and ways to improve the understanding, interpretation and application of the concepts of Sustainability and Environmental Principles. The attraction of the game as a pedagogic space lays in the fact that it takes over and allows the player to internalize ecological sensitivity, something that happens during the play. Finally, the results show an augment on students motivation, when using the game versus the traditional process. /p>

p>Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a produtividade dos pressupostos da hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer (1996) e sua descoberta do modelo lógico, ontológico e estrutural do jogo, que ocorre durante a experiência, que é a base da compreensão. Assim, os jogos digitais são propostos como maneiras, métodos e formas de melhorar a compreensão, interpretação e aplicação dos conceitos de princípios de sustentabilidade e meio-ambiente. A atração do jogo como espaço pedagógico reside no fato de que ele assume e permite que o jogador para internalizar sensibilidade ecológica, algo que acontece durante o jogo. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos demostram um incremento na motivação dos alunos, quando se utiliza o jogo ao invés dos métodos tradicionais. /p>

Games in the environmental context and their strategic use for environmental education / Games no contexto ambiental e seu uso estratégico para educação ambiental

This article aims to present the productivity of the assumptions of Philosophical Hermeneutics (Gadamer, 1996) and his discovery of the logical, ontological and structural model of the game that takes place during the experience that is the basis of comprehension. Thus, digital games are proposed as manners, methods and ways to improve the understanding, interpretation and application of the concepts of Sustainability and Environmental Principles. The attraction of the game as a pedagogic space lays in the fact that it takes over and allows the player to internalize ecological sensitivity, something that happens during the play. Finally, the results show an augment on students’ motivation, when using the game versus the traditional process.

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a produtividade dos pressupostos da hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer (1996) e sua descoberta do modelo lógico, ontológico e estrutural do jogo, que ocorre durante a experiência, que é a base da compreensão. Assim, os jogos digitais são propostos como maneiras, métodos e formas de melhorar a compreensão, interpretação e aplicação dos conceitos de princípios de sustentabilidade e meio-ambiente. A atração do jogo como espaço pedagógico reside no fato de que ele assume e permite que o jogador para internalizar sensibilidade ecológica, algo que acontece durante o jogo. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos demostram um incremento na motivação dos alunos, quando se utiliza o jogo ao invés dos métodos tradicionais.

Cognitive conflicts and symptom severity in dysthymia: "I'd rather be good than happy" / Conflictos cognitivos y gravedad de los síntomas en la distimia: "Prefiero ser bueno que feliz"

A method for studying cognitive conflicts using the repertory grid technique is presented. By means of this technique, implicative dilemmas can be identified, cognitive structures in which a personal construct for which change is wished for implies undesirable change on another construct. We assessed the presence of dilemmas and the severity of symptoms in 46 participants who met criteria for dysthymia and compared then to a non-clinical group composed of 496 participants. Finally, an analysis of the specific content of the personal constructs forming such dilemmas was also performed. Implicative dilemmas were found in almost 70% of the dysthymic participants in contrast to 39% of controls and in greater quantity. In addition, participants in both groups with this type of conflict showed more depressive symptoms and general distress than those without dilemmas. Furthermore, a greater number of implicative dilemmas was associated with higher levels of symptom severity. Finally, content analysis results showed that implicative dilemmas are frequently composed of a constellation of moral values and emotion, indicating that symptoms are often related to moral aspects of the self and so change processes may be hindered. Clinical implications of targeting implicative dilemmas in the therapy context are discussed.

En este estudio se presenta un método para el estudio de los conflictos cognitivos utilizando la técnica de rejilla. Por medio de ella, se identificaron los dilemas implicativos, una estructura cognitiva en la que un constructo personal en el que se desea un cambio se asocia con otro constructo en el que el cambio no es deseable. Se evaluó la presencia de dilemas y la gravedad sintomatológica en una muestra de 46 participantes que cumplían criterios diagnósticos para la distimia y se comparó con un grupo control compuesto por 496 participantes. Por último, se llevó a cabo un análisis del contenido de los constructos personales que forman los dilemas. Se encontraron dilemas en casi 70% de la muestra clínica frente a 39% de la muestra control y en mayor cantidad. Por otro lado, los participantes de ambos grupos con este tipo de conflicto mostraron un nivel mayor de sintomatología depresiva y malestar general que aquellos sin dilemas. Además, se encontró una alta correlación entre el número de dilemas implicativos y la gravedad de los síntomas. Los resultados del análisis de contenido mostraron que los dilemas estaban frecuentemente formados por una constelación de valores morales y constructos emocionales indicando que a menudo los síntomas están asociados a aspectos positivos del sí mismo, por lo que el proceso de cambio puede verse bloqueado. Se discuten las implicaciones clínicas de abordar los dilemas en el contexto terapéutico.

Aplicación de biomateriales de base biológica, moléculas bioactivas e ingeniería de tejidos en cirugía plástica periodontal: una revisión / Application of biological based biomaterials, bioactive molecules and tissue engineering in periodontal plastic surgery. A review

Objetivo: Describir, clasificar y discutir las indicaciones de los biomateriales de base biológica, moléculas bioactivas e ingeniería de tejidos que se están usando para el manejo de recesiones y aumento de encía en cirugía plástica periodontal. En esta revisión de la literatura, se utilizó una combinación de los términos de búsqueda específicos que consideraran los materiales en revisión, para el aumento de encía adherida, y el recubrimiento radicular. Materiales y Métodos: Se usaron las siguientes fuentes: Medline, Biblioteca Cochrane, y búsqueda manual de revistas específicas como el Journal of Periodontology, International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry y Journal of Clinical Periodontology entre años 1985 y 2011. Se revisaron un total de 117 artículos y se seleccionaron 74 entre estudios clínicos controlados, estudios clínicos randomizados, reportes de casos y estudios en animales. Los artículos fueron revisados por los autores y aceptados por consenso para su discusión. Conclusiones: 1) Existe una serie de materiales que presentan gran potencial y podrían ser una alternativa viable a los injertos autógenos, pero se requiere más estudios a largo plazo. 2) Existe necesidad de estudios con la investigación de estos procedimientos en relación a resultados orientados a la estabilidad, seguridad y efectividad de los diferentes materiales existentes.

Objective: To describe, classify and discuss the clinical applications of biologically based biomaterials, bioactive molecules and tissue engineering being utilized in gingival recession therapy and gingival augmentation procedures in plastic periodontal surgery. In this literature review, a combination of specific search key words were used, including materials being reviewed, indicated for gingival augmentation and root coverage procedures. Materials and Methods: The following sources were consulted: Medline, Cochrane Library and manual search of specific scientific journals such as Journal of Periodontology, International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry and Journal of Clinical Periodontology between the years 1985 and 2011. A total of 117 articles were reviewed with 74 being selected unanimously by the authors for discussion in the manuscript. These articles included controlled clinical studies, randomized clinical studies, case reports and animal studies. The selected articles were reviewed by the authors and accepted by consensus. Conclusions: 1) There is a cohort of materials that exhibit great potential which could be a viable alternative to autografts but are in need of further long term studies. 2) There is a need of research of these materials in relation to stability, safety and efficacy.

Statistical Approach to Test Construct Validity and Obtain Weights for the Children's Dietary Life Recognition and Practice Index

Constructs with seven latent evaluation indicators and 18 observable survey questions were developed by food and nutrition experts to calculate a food safety recognition and practice index for children. The purpose of this study was to suggest statistical approaches to test construction validity on the constructs, obtain weights of the evaluation indicators, and develop questionnaires to calculate a children's food recognition and practice index. Survey data of 2,400 elementary fifth grade students were used as empirical results. Test validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmed to be highly significant by confirmatory factor analysis [i.e., linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis]. Standardized path coefficients of the LISREL analysis were suggested based on weights, and the weights were compared using the AHP and Delphi methods.