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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of 650 nm laser irradiation on cell oxygen consumption rate in CC myoblasts following different doses.@*METHODS@#CC cells were irradiated with 650 nm laser(λ=650 nm, p=5 mW) with energy densities of 0, 0.4, and 0.8 J/cm. Cell oxidative function was measured by oxygen consumption rate kit. Protein expression of myogenic determination factor (MyoD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its phosphorylation were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Compared to the control group, the expression levels of MyoD, PGC-1α protein were increased and cell oxygen consumption rate was promoted in the low dose group(<0.05). MyoD and PGC-1α protein expressions were also increased(<0.05), the ratio of mTOR and its phosphorylationwere decreased significantly in the high dose group(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#650 nm laser irradiation that dose is 0.4 J/cm enhances cell oxidative function, it related to that proper dose laser irradiation promoted the expression of PGC-1a protein.
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Animales , Ratones , Línea Celular , Mioblastos , Oxidación-Reducción , Consumo de Oxígeno , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the effects of two drugs on the asphyxia oxygen concentration and the oxygen consumption rate of zebrafish,and explore the possibility of zebrafish as a drug model and the feasibility of oxygen microelectrode used for drug screening. Methods:The zebrafish were treated with the drugs for 5 days,and transferred into the asphyxia chambers. The solute oxy-gen concentration was assessed continuously until the asphyxia condition. The asphyxia oxygen concentration,asphyxia time and mass specific oxygen consumption rate were determined. Results:The results showed that the asphyxia time,asphyxia concentration and ox-ygen consumption rate of the zebrafish were not significantly changed by deproteinized calfblood extractives injection(P>0.05),sug-gesting no reduction in hypoxia tolerance ability. The asphyxia time and oxygen consumption rate of the zebrafish were not significantly changed,either (P>0.05),however,the asphyxia concentration was increased significantly by cervus and cucumis polypeptide injec-tion (P<0.05),suggesting the reduction in hypoxia tolerance ability. Conclusion:It is suggested that the hypoxia tolerance ability of zebrafish can be significantly decreased by the solution of cervus and cucumis polypeptide. The results also suggest that zebrafish can be used as an experimental animal in medicine studies,and the oxygen microelectrode method can be used in drug screening.
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Objective:To monitor iodized salt consumption and evaluate iodine deficiency status in 2014 in China.Materials and Methods:In 2014,a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 31 provinces (in this study,provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in Mainland China were named as provinces).Probability proportional to size sampling method was adopted to recruit children ages 8-10 and pregnant women.47,467 children's and 18,994 pregnant women's urine samples were collected and 47,706 children's thyroid volumes were examined.Iodine content in salt was determined with 46,900 edible salt samples from children's households;urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was tested from children and pregnant women's urine samples;thyroid volume of children was assessed by ultrasound.Results:The national coverage rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were 96.3％ and 91.5％,respectively.Median iodine content in iodized salt was 25.2 mg/kg.In 22 of 31 provinces,the provincial coverage rates of iodized salt were over 95％.And consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were more than 90％ in 21 provinces.In this study,the national median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) of children in China was 197.9 μg/L.At the provincial level,MUIC of children in 19 provinces was 100-199 μg/L,which in 12 provinces was 200-299 μg/L.The national MUIC of pregnant women in 2014 was 154.6 μg/L,slightly higher than the lower limit of the WHO criteria for adequate (150-249 μg/L).At the provincial level,MUIC of pregnant women in 18 provinces was 100-149 μg/L,which in 13 provinces was 150-249 μg/L.The national prevalence of goiter among children in 2014 was 2.6％,of which only Shandong province (5.6％) exceeded the national standard (5％).Conclusions:In China,iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has been eliminated since 2005.And in 2014,the IDD-free status still remained.
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The biological characteristics, oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption rate, and activities of amylase, lipase and protease of Whitmania pigra at different temperature were studied by using direct observational method, the still water method and 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry, right-nitrophenyl palmitate ester（ρ-NPP）colorimetry and folin-phenol method.The results revealed that with decreasing water temperature, the daily activity and the daily feeding ration were decreased. As the temperature was lowered to 4 ℃, the head and tail of Wh.pigra curved, showing a crescent-shape without feeding and daily activity. Oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption rate and digestive enzyme activities reduced along with temperature drops. The downward trend slowed below 10 ℃, began to stabilize below 4 ℃ and doesn't change with the decrease of temperature since then. During the 40 days treatment at 4 ℃, the changes of amylase were not significant, the lipase and protease activity decreased at the 20th day, and the lipase showed an slightly increase after the decrease and finally remained at a low level.In conclusions, the pivotal temperature of hibernation of Wh.pigra is 4 ℃ and the crescent shape can be considered as a symbol of hibernation.
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The oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption rate and suffocation point of different quality Whitmania pigra and Bellamya purificata were determined by hydrostatic breathing room method. The effects of feeding modes on growth of W.pigra were determined by biomass. The results showed that the oxygen consumption correlated positively with the weight of W.pigra and B. purificata（P<0.05）, suffocation point increased with the increases of the weight（P<0.05）.Oxygen consumption correlated negatively with the weight of W. pigra, the oxygen consumption rate of B.purificata first increased and then decreased with the increasing of the weight. Feeding modes had no significant effects on the finial weight, SGR, WGR, death rates of W. pigra. Feeding modes had significant effects on eating ratio. It suggested that the optimum feeding frequency of W. pigra was once every three days. Scientific and reasonable feeding amount of B. purificata should be calculated based on oxygen consumption and suffocation point of W.pigra and B.purificata at every period. Meanwhile, stocking density, water area and water exchanging frequency should be taken into consideration.
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Objective To study the effects quality control circles in reducing the consumption rate of intra -operative disposable medical suppliers.Methods The team members were encouraged to implement self -manage-ment according to the steps and methods of quality control circle, develop and implement the corresponding regulation reforms by looking into the consumption reasons of disposable medical supplies.The consumption rate of intra -oper-ative disposable medical supplies was compared before and after the application of quality control circle.Results Quality control circle effectively reduced the consumption rate of intra -operative disposable medical supplies, and improved the satisfaction of medical products supply and nursing efficiency, and enhanced the team corporation ability and collective cohesion.Conclusion Quality control circle can effectively reduce the consumption rate of intra -op-erative disposable medical supplies and it is worth promoting.
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Background & objectives: Culex quinquefasciatus is the principal vector of lymphatic filariasis (LF). Application of alternative vector control methodologies are aimed at reduction of mosquito breeding sites and biting activity through the use of biological control methods. In the present study, functional response of aquatic Hemipteran backswimmer, Anisops sardea was assessed against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in laboratory bioassay. Methods: The functional respons of A. sardea was assessed against IIIrd instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Respective handling times and coefficient of attack rates were determined by a non linear polynomeal regression equation. Results: The results of rates of predation in variable prey densities exhibited a ‘linear rise to plateau curve’, associated with ‘Type -II’ functional response. The logistic regression estimated a significant negative linear parameter (P1<0) which also supported the same observation. Associated ‘attack rates’ and ‘handling times’ were also calculated using the Holling Disc Equation. Interpretation & conclusions: The results of present experiments indicate that A. sardea can be used as a biocontrol agent against the larval forms of Cx. quinquefasciatus in temporarily available breeding places of mosquito with relatively clear water. However, a detailed field study has to be done to confirm these findings.
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The aquatic grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) is native to South America and inhabits lowlands from southern Mexico to Central Argentina and Uruguay. This grasshopper is host-specific to aquatic plants of the genera Eichhornia and Pontederia. The objectives of this study were to analyze the feeding patterns of the aquatic grasshopper C. aquaticum in relationship to development stages and sex and to determine the food consumption rate in their host plant, Eichhornia crassipes. Samples were collected from April 2006 to May 2007 in different floodplain lakes of the Middle Parana River. The average consumption was greater in the females (0.127 g food/day ± 0.051) than in the males (0.060 g food/day ± 0.025). The feces of 361 nymphs and adults of this locust were examined and the most common tissue fragments found were of the water hyacinth (E. crassipes). In the initial nymphal stages (I, II and III), an exclusive consumption of E. crassipes was registered, while in the IV and V stages the choice included also other macrophytes. In summary, C. aquaticum presents polyphagy in the field, feeding on six macrophytes of different classes and families.
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Animales , Conducta Alimentaria , Saltamontes/fisiología , Argentina , RíosRESUMEN
Objective To study the national surveillance results and learn the current situation of iodized salt consumption at household level in 2008, and to find out the remaining problems and to provide scientific basis for developing control strategies against iedine deficiency disorders. Methods In 2008, in accordance with the requirements of the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program (Trial)", the surveillance was conducted at county level in 31 provinces and at division level in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. In each county 9 townships were randomly selected according to their sub-area positions of east, west, south, north and center;4 villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township;8 households were randomly selected in each chosen village. In every county with 9 or less townships, 1 township was randomly selected respectively in the east, west, south,north and center sub-areas;4 villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township;15 households were randomly selected in each chosen village. Edible salt from these households was collected. Iodized salt coverage rate, proportion of qualified iodized salt and consumption rate of the qualified iodized salt of the households in each province were counted and analyzed. Iodized salt was determined by direct titration;the salt samples from Sichuan and other enhanced salt were detected by arbitration. Results Totally 2817 counties (districts, cities, banners) and 14 divisions of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported the monitoring results, monitoring coverage reached 99.96%(2831/2832). Mean of iodine content was 31.51 mg/kg.Sixteen provinces had a variation coefficient of iodine content for more than 20%. A total of 826 968 households were tested of their edible salt, in which iodized salt 798 725 copies, non-iodized salt 28 243 copies, and unqualified iodized salt 20 270 copies. Weighted by population,at national level, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.48%, qualified rate of iodized salt 97.16%, and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.79%.Twenty seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had a qualified iodized salt coverage rate of above or equal 90.00%. Tibet, Hainan, Xinjiang and Tianjin provinces (regions) had a qualified iodized salt coverage rate lower than 90.00%. Further, 2487 counties had the rate high or equal 90.00% accounting for 87.82% (2487/2831) of complementing monitoring counties. One hundred and four counties and 1 division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had the coverage rate of iodized salt below 80.00%. Conclusions Sixteen provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) have relatively a high degree of variation coefficient in salt iodine content. The quality of iodized salt needs to be improved. The coverage rate of iodized salt and the qualified iodized salt at national level are both above or equal 90.00%. However, the non-iodized salt problem is still serious and have a relatively lower coverage of iodized salt in Tibet, Hainan and Xinjiang.
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In this article,the authors reported a modified method of determining Oxygen consump- tion for the mouse hypoxia experiment in order that the students could observe the dynamic change of oxygen consumption rate(OCR)and respiratory rate(RR)in the whole process of acute progressive hypoxic hypoxia on mice.The results showed that to reach the maximal OCR and RR,especially the latter,required more time as the survival time was prolonged. In a closed set of the same size,the heavier the mouse weighed,the shorter it survived,but there was an individual difference.