Conocimientos actuales para el entendimiento del bruxismo: revisión de la literatura / Current knowledge for the understanding of bruxism: review of the literature

El bruxismo es considerado una actividad parafuncional músculomandibular repetitiva, caracterizada principalmente por apretamiento y/o rechinamiento dental. El bruxismo tiene dos diferentes manifestaciones circadianas: puede ocurrir durante la vigilia (bruxismo en vigilia) o durante el sueño (bruxismo del sueño); en ambos casos puede poner en riesgo la integridad del sistema estomatognático, siempre y cuando la fuerza de las actividades músculo-mandibulares que se ejerzan logre superar la capacidad adaptativa de los componentes fi siológicos. El diagnóstico de bruxismo ha sido prevalentemente anatómico/lesional, esto es, la observancia clínica de atriciones o abfracciones sin entender sus causas y mecanismos de inducción, desarrollo y persistencia, restringiendo subsecuentemente el accionar odontológico al manejo de los efectos nocivos. Este artículo es una revisión de la literatura científi ca con el objetivo de otorgar los conocimientos básicos actuales para el entendimiento del bruxismo, una actividad muscular disfuncional con orígenes neurobiológicos que lo explican más allá de su efecto periférico evidente (AU)

Bruxism is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Bruxism has two distinct circadian manifestations: it can occur during sleep (indicated as sleep bruxism) or during wakefulness (indicated as awake bruxism), in both situations, the integrity of the stomatognathic system components can be at risk as long as the strength of the jaw-muscle activities are able to overcome the adaptive capacity of the physiological components. The diagnosis of bruxism has been predominantly anatomical/lesional that is, the clinical observance of attritions or abfractions without understanding their causes and mechanisms of induction, development, and persistence, subsequently restricting the dental action to the management of harmful eff ects. This article is a review of the scientifi c literature with the aim of granting the current basic knowledge for the understanding of bruxism, a dysfunctional muscular activity with neurobiological origins that explain it beyond its evident peripheral eff ect (AU)

Comparison of the Effect of Different Adjustment Methods (Occlusion) in the Restoration of Posterior Teeth / 现代医院

Objective To investigate the effect of different adjustment methods (occlusion) in dental implant repair. Methods 96 cases of patients with dental implant repair treated in our hospital from June 2015 to February 2017 were selected as the research object and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 48 cases in each group. The biting surfaces of the patients were reduced in the observation group, but the patients in the control group were treated with the original adjustment methods (occlusion). The bite balance and masticatory function of the two groups were evaluated at 3 months and 6 months after repair respectively. The occlusal balance was set up by computer to set the X and Y axes, and the X-axis and Y-axis values of the two groups were monitored. And measured the molars asymmetry index(AMOF), to calculate the ratio of each tooth occlusal force, and the larger the AMOF value, the more asymmetrical the bite force is. Chewing function score of 10 points, the higher the score that chewing better. Results Compared with the control group, the indexes of occlusal balance in the observation group at 3 months after repair were significantly increased (P＜0. 05), and at 6 months after repair, the AMOF (P＜0. 05). Compared with the control group, the scores of chewing function in the observation group at 3 months and 6 months after repair were significantly increased, there was statistical difference between the two groups Significance (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The effect of biting surface reduced (occlusion) in dental implan.

Efectos del tratamiento temprano en variables morfológicas, cinco años después de su aplicación / Effects of early treatment on morphological variables five years after application

Introducción: las pautas del tratamiento temprano propician una respuesta de desarrollo del sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del tratamiento temprano en variables morfológicas, con técnicas de la rehabilitación neuro oclusal, cinco años después de ser aplicado durante la dentición temporal. Métodos: investigación de desarrollo, longitudinal y descriptiva, entre los años 2001 y 2010, en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Universo: 2 215 niños de cinco años de edad perteneciente a instituciones infantiles de la ciudad de Santa Clara (2001-2002). Se utilizó un método estratificado por etapas. Las variables de estudio se analizaron en tres etapas evolutivas: inicial, intermedia y final. La muestra fue de 59 niños con interferencias oclusales durante la dentición temporal que fueron tratados con terapias funcionales, durante el año 2002 y evaluados un año después (primera etapa). La segunda etapa se desarrollo durante los años 2007-2010; la muestra fue de 46 niños con diez años de edad. Se diseñó un modelo de consentimiento informado que estableció el compromiso de colaboración de los niños seleccionados. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas: test de Friedman, Wilcoxon, Fisher y medida clásica de chi cuadrado. Resultados: se observó un aumento del resalte en 33 de los casos y predominó el escalón mesial (87 por ciento) al final del estudio. Se mantuvo la tendencia al aumento en la anchura intermolar temporal. Los valores medios a nivel de los primeros molares permanentes se comportaron similares a la norma descrita por Mayoral (47 mm). Conclusiones: los cambios favorables observados en las variables morfológicas objeto de estudio, cinco años después de ser aplicado el tratamiento temprano con técnicas de la rehabilitación neuro oclusal, corroboran que los cinco primeros años de la vida del niño constituye la etapa ideal para comenzar a tratar las alteraciones del sistema estomatognático(AU)

Introduction: early treatment typically obtains an adequate developmental response from the stomatognathic system. Objective: evaluate the effects of early treatment on morphological variables using neuro-occlusal rehabilitation techniques five years after application during primary dentition. Methods: adevelopmental longitudinal descriptive study was conducted from 2001 to 2010 at the School of Dentistry of the University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara. The study universe was 2 215 five-year-old children from educational institutions of the city of Santa Clara (2001-2002). A staged stratified method was applied. Study variables were analyzed along three evolution stages: initial, intermediate and final. The study sample was composed of 59 children with occlusal interferences during primary dentition, which were treated with functional therapies in 2002 and evaluated one year later (first stage). The second stage extended from 2007 to 2010. The sample consisted of 46 ten-year-old children. An informed consent form was developed to record the commitment of the children selected with the study. The statistical tests performed were Friedman's, Wilcoxon's, Fisher's and classical chi-square measure. Results: increased overjet was found in 33 of the cases, with a predominance of the mesial step (87 percent) at the end of the study. A tendency to increased temporary intermolar width was observed throughout the study. Mean values for the first permanent molars were similar to the standard described by Mayoral (47 mm). Conclusions: the favorable changes found in the morphological variables under study five years after application of early treatment with neuro-occlusal rehabilitation confirm that the first five years in the life of a child are the ideal stage to start treating alterations of the stomatognathic system(AU)

The Deterioration of Spatial Memory and the Role of the Masticatory Function during Aging: A Brief Literature Review.

This article reviews the current state of scientific information on the relationship between the deterioration of spatial memory and the role of the masticatory function, both of which are primarily examined during the aging process. The article broadly examines the current notions regarding neuroscientific processing mechanisms of spatial memory. Additionally, some variables that produce alterations in hippocampal function during aging are presented here. Finally, the role that mastication fulfills as an emerging physiological mechanism of cognitive impairment compensation is discussed. This article concludes that, despite the recent progress in understanding the concepts presented in this article, evidence suggests that there are still many questions to be answered. These questions are sustaining the growing interest in the field of neuroscience in examining the underlying mechanisms of the intricate process of spatial orientation and their relation to masticatory function in aged organisms.

Soft Tissue Esthetics Around Implants - A Review.

Implant therapy has evolved significantly during the last two decades, from being one of the treatments of choice for edentulous arches to becoming a routine procedure to replace lost dental elements, regardless of the type of edentulism. Only when a close resemblance with what once existed in nature is achieved does the end result of implant therapy become a success for its ability to provide the proper masticatory function while disappearing in between the remaining natural teeth. For an implant restoration to closely mimic the lost dental element, it is undoubtedly important to select the proper shape and color of the prosthetic tooth. Nonetheless, it is imperative to surround the crown with healthy, gingival-like tissue.

The impact of self-perceived masticatory function on nutrition and gastrointestinal function in the elderly patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the impact of masticatory function on malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms in senile patients.Methods Dental status and denture quality in 120 senile patients were investigated with questionnaires,and thecorrelation of masticatory ability with nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated.Results The nutritional status of elderly patients was correlated with the condition of the denture,but not correlated with the number of denture and chewing ability.Gastrointestinal disconffort had correlation with masticatory function,chewing problems,difficulty in chewing and food limit,but chewing function was highly correlated with taking gastrointestinal drugs.Conclusions The chewing ability and nutritional status is not relevant,but since elderly patients with weakened chewing ability avoid certain foods,thus gastrointestinal discomfort and symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders such as medication increased.

Métodos de evaluación del rendimiento masticatorio: una revisión / A review of different masticatory performance tests

Desde comienzos del siglo pasado han sido utilizados una amplia variedad de métodos para evaluar el rendimiento masticatorio. Existen tests que usan alimentos naturales como material de prueba, otros utilizan alimentos artificiales; además se han propuesto distintos sistemas de procesamiento del material triturado, como el tamizado fraccional, espectrofotométrico, de aire comprimido, observación de área, concentración de azúcar, fotométrico y escaneo óptico. En este trabajo se describen y discuten algunos métodos de trascendencia en la historia de la evaluación del rendimiento masticatorio.

Masticatory performance has been assessed with varying methods throughout last century. Some of them use natural food as a test material and some others use artificial components instead of food. There have also been proposed various systems of processing the crushed material, such as fractional sieving, spectrophotometric analysis, compressed air, area observation, sugar concentration, photometric and optical scanning. This paper describes and discusses some relevant methods in the history of the evaluation of masticatory performance.

The electromyographic activity of masseter and temporal muscles in the subjects with oral-facial pain caused by experimental occlusal interference / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the oral-maxillofacial pain and t he surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter muscles and anterior and posterior portions of temporalis muscles after experimental interference. Methods:A cast onlay of 0.5 mm in height was placed on the right low er first molar and remained for three days in 10 adult volunteers with normal oc clusion and without any symptom of TMD. The oral-maxillofacial pain was continu ously scored on a visual analogue scale(VAS)by the subjects before and after t he placement of the onlay. At the same time, the integral data of surface EMG we re recorded, and then the asymmetry index of the activity of bilateral muscles w as calculated. Results:Three days after the placement of the occ lusal highspot, all the subjects complained oral-maxillofacial pain. 8 of them had headache in right temporal region with VAS value of 1~4; the activity of tem poralis anterior at rest position of mandible was increased significantly (P