Una revisión sistemática sobre la seguridad psicológica: características y retos / A systematic review of psychological safety: Characteristics and challenges

Resumen Introducción/Objetivo: En tiempos de cambio, cobran mayor importancia las dinámicas sociales y laborales, las acciones para evaluar e intervenir sobre los riesgos psicosociales y la seguridad psicológica, que pueden llegar a afectar el desempeño y el comportamiento de las personas en sus lugares de trabajo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones empíricas que han abordado la seguridad psicológica en contextos organizacionales. Método: En esta revisión se siguieron las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA 2020, con el software CADIMA. Se consultaron las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science y Redalyc. En total se identificaron 1678 documentos, se revisaron 196 en inglés, publicados entre el 2020 y 2022, que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios se han desarrollado en Estados Unidos e Inglaterra, lo que evidencia la necesidad de realizar investigaciones en Iberoamérica y Latinoamérica. Se identifica que la seguridad psicológica está influenciada por factores del comportamiento organizacional en variados niveles de análisis individual, grupal y organizacional; algunos temas con los que se han llevado a cabo varios estudios incluyen la cultura organizacional, la relación del equipo de trabajo, la personalidad de los miembros del equipo, el desempeño, el aprendizaje y los procesos de gestión de conocimiento en las organizaciones. Conclusiones: Es una variable que cuando se relaciona con otras, cumple el rol de variable mediadora; se enlistan las variables psicológicas relacionadas con el constructo de seguridad psicológica, y se discuten los retos después de la pandemia del COVID-19.

Abstract Abstract Introduction/Objective: In times of change, social and work dynamics emphasize the importance of actions to assess and intervene in psychosocial risks and psychological safety, which can significantly impact individuals' performance and behavior in their workplaces. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of empirical research focusing on psychological safety in organizational contexts. Method: This review followed the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 statement, using the CADIMA software. The consulted databases were Scopus, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Redalyc. A total of 1678 documents were identified, out of which 196 in English, published between 2020 and 2022, met the selection criteria. Results: Most of the studies were conducted in the United States and England, highlighting the need for further research in Ibero-America and Latin America. Psychological Safety was found to be influenced by organizational behavior factors at various levels of individual, group, and organizational analysis. Some of the topics explored in the studies include organizational culture, team relationships, team members' personalities, performance, learning, and knowledge management processes in organizations. Conclusions: Psychological Safety acts as a mediating variable when related to other constructs, and this review lists psychological variables associated with the psychological safety construct. Furthermore, the challenges after the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.

Chain mediating effect of team psychological safety atmosphere and professional calling in the relationship between humble leadership and voice behavior among clinical nurses / 中国职业医学

{L-End}Objective To explore the chain mediating effect of team psychological safety atmosphere and professional calling in the relationship between humble leadership and voice behavior. {L-End}Methods A total of 812 nurses from five medical institutions in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the convenience sampling method. The Team Psychological Safety Atmosphere Scale, the Professional Calling Scale, the Hospital Version of Humble Leadership Scale and the Voice Behavior Scale were used to investigate the perceived team psychological safety atmosphere and sense of professional calling, the perceived humble leadership style and voice behavior of the nurses. {L-End}Results The score of team psychological safety atmosphere, professional calling, humble leadership, and voice behavior of 812 nurses was (58.0±7.6), (44.6±8.0), (50.4±9.2) and (37.0±5.9), respectively, with the scoring rate of 72.5%, 74.3%, 80.0%, and 74.0%, respectively. Bootstrap analysis showed that humble leadership could positively influence voice behavior ［standardized effect value (β)=0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20-0.35］. Humble leadership could influence voice behavior through the separate mediating effects of team psychological safety atmosphere (β=0.13, 95%CI 0.09-0.18), professional calling (β=0.07, 95%CI 0.04-0.11), and the chain mediating effect of team psychological safety atmosphere and professional calling(β=0.06, 95%CI 0.04-0.08). {L-End}Conclusion The voice behavior of clinical nurses is at a moderately high level. Humble leadership can directly influence voice behavior and can influence voice behavior through the mediating effects of team psychological safety atmosphere and professional calling. Nursing managers can inspire the work passion of clinical nurses by changing their own leadership style and creating a good atmosphere for voicing opinions.

6. Extrinsic Factors for Learning: from a Perspective of Patient Safety Education / 医学教育

The “problems” of the “problem” learner are not only those intrinsic to the learner, but also those extrinsic to the educator and the system. This paper focuses on patient safety education as an example of where these extrinsic problems are manifested. Patient safety management in the last two decades has been mainly a means to improve the system by analyzing failed incidents in a no-blame manner, but there is also an emphasis on balancing the accountability of the person involved, thus the importance of education is increasing. However, there are barriers to motivating individuals to learn from their failures. The “problem” in patient safety education may be overcome by assuring psychological safety, giving consideration to motivation based on self-determination theory, and using the Safety-II paradigm to change the viewpoint of failure.

La seguridad psicológica del personal de salud durante la pandemia por COVID-19: aproximación epistemológica y sociológica / The psychological safety of health personnel during the COVID 19 pandemic: epistemological and sociological approach

La pandemia de COVID-19 pone en evidencia la importancia de los aspectos psicológicos y de salud mental para la prevención y afrontamiento de sus consecuencias. En este contexto se requiere de un modelo de Seguridad Psicológica (SP) que fundamente teórica y metodológicamente su gestión en una situación de emergencia sanitaria. El problema de la SP, visto desde una perspectiva transdisciplinar, intercepta aspectos relacionados con la epistemología y la sociología de la ciencia: análisis crítico del concepto a la luz de los aportes de otras disciplinas; relaciones entre el nivel de acceso al conocimiento y el funcionamiento de los equipos de trabajos; y contradicción entre la gestión neoliberal de la pandemia y la necesidad de un afrontamiento humanista. El objetivo del artículo es analizar, desde la perspectiva sociológica y epistemológica, la SP del personal de la salud en emergencias sanitarias, para lo cual se desarrolló una revisión narrativa. Como resultado, se presentan las reflexiones desarrolladas acerca del tema estructuradas en dos momentos: la aproximación crítica a la epistemología del concepto de SP y el impacto de la SP en los equipos de trabajo visto desde la concepción de la sociedad del conocimiento. Se enfoca la SP como un campo transdisciplinario y se valoran los antecedentes y aportes de otras disciplinas para su empleo en situaciones de emergencia y desastres. También se contrasta el afrontamiento a la COVID-19 desde la gestión neoliberal con su afrontamiento humanista. Finalmente, se presenta una nueva perspectiva de la SP para la gestión de la salud mental del personal de la salud involucrado en la respuesta a emergencias y desastres

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of psychological and mental health aspects for preventing and coping with its consequences. In this context, a model of Psychological Safety (PS) is required that theoretically and methodologically bases its management in a health emergency situation. The problem of PS, seen from a transdisciplinary perspective, intercepts aspects related to the epistemology and sociology of science: the critical analysis of the concept in light of the contributions of other disciplines; the relationships between the level of access to knowledge and the functioning of work teams and the contradiction between the neoliberal management of the pandemic and the need for a humanistic approach. The objective of the article is to analyze, from the sociological and epistemological perspective, the PS of health personnel in health emergencies, for which a narrative review was developed. As a result, the reflections developed on the subject structured in various moments are presented: the critical approach to the epistemology of the concept of PS; the impact of PS on work teams seen from the conception of the knowledge society. PS is approached as a transdisciplinary field and the antecedents and contributions of other disciplines are valued for its use in emergency situations and disasters. The coping with COVID-19 is also contrasted from that of neoliberal management with its humanistic coping. Finally, a new perspective of the PS is presented for the management of the mental health of the health personnel involved in the response to emergencies and disasters

Vulnerability in the mental health of health personnel to COVID-19

The frequent affectations to the mental health of the health personnel involved in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic demands the use of an instrument capable of integrating, in its evaluation, the most vulnerable psychological areas in accordance with the actions of Primary Prevention of the Psychological Safety Management Protocol. The objective is to describe the mental health vulnerability of the health personnel before working directly with patients affected by COVID-19. A descriptive, transversal study was carried out with 108 subjects. The psychological vulnerability screening instrument developed as part of the Psychological Safety Management Protocol was applied, in the Hospital for attention to suspected and positive patients of COVID-19. The mental health vulnerability of the sanitary personnel prevailed. The most vulnerable groups were the one from 23 to 40 years old, the feminine sex and the nursing personnel. The most affected areas were the cognitive and the affective ones; expressing more intensity in the symptoms related to difficulties to concentrate, sadness and anxiety. The existence of a greater vulnerability in the mental health of the health personnel before starting to work with patients who are suspected and positive to COVID-19, expresses the need to maintain the Primary Prevention stage as part of the Psychological Safety Management Protocol.(AU)

Os frequentes efeitos sobre a saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos na resposta à pandemia COVID-19 exigem a utilização de um instrumento capaz de integrar, na sua avaliação, as áreas psicológicas mais vulneráveis de acordo com as ações de Prevenção Primária declaradas no Protocolo da Gestão de Segurança Psicológica. O objetivo é descrever a vulnerabilidade na saúde mental do pessoal de saúde antes de desenvolver um trabalho direto com pacientes afetados pelo COVID-19. Foi desenvolvido um estudo descritivo e transversal com 108 trabalhadores/as da saúde da instituição a partir do uso do instrumento de rastreamento da vulnerabilidade psicológica. No Hospital para atenção a pacientes suspeitos e positivos de COVID-19. O estudo confirma: um predomínio da vulnerabilidade na saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde; enfermeiras, entre 23 e 40 anos, constituíam o grupo mais vulnerável; as áreas mais afetadas foram cognitivas e afetivas, projetadas em intensos sintomas de desconcentração, tristeza e ansiedade. A existência de maior vulnerabilidade na saúde mental do pessoal de saúde antes de começar a trabalhar diretamente com pacientes suspeitos e positivos para COVID-19, expressa a necessidade de manter a etapa de Prevenção Primária como parte do Protocolo de Gestão da Segurança Psicológica.(AU)

Las frecuentes afectaciones a la salud mental del personal sanitario involucrado en la respuesta a la pandemia de la COVID-19 demanda el uso de un instrumento capaz de integrar, en su evaluación, las áreas psicológicas más vulnerables de acuerdo con las acciones de Prevención Primaria del Protocolo de Gestión de Seguridad Psicológica. El objetivo es describir la vulnerabilidad en la salud mental del personal sanitario antes del trabajo directo con pacientes afectados de COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal con 108 sujetos. Se aplicó el instrumento de cribado de vulnerabilidad psicológica desarrollado en el Protocolo de Gestión de Seguridad Psicológica, en el Hospital de atención a pacientes sospechosos y positivos de COVID-19. Predominó la vulnerabilidad en la salud mental del personal sanitario; el grupo más vulnerable fue el de 23 a 40 años, del sexo femenino y el personal de enfermería. Las áreas con mayor afectación resultaron la cognitiva y la afectiva; expresándose más intensidad en los síntomas relacionados con las dificultades para concentrarse, la tristeza y ansiedad. La existencia de una mayor vulnerabilidad en la salud mental del personal sanitario antes de comenzar a trabajar con pacientes sospechosos y positivos a la COVID-19, expresa la necesidad de mantener la etapa de Prevención Primaria como parte del Protocolo de Gestión de Seguridad Psicológica.(AU)

Predictors of Job Crafting Behaviors: A Mediation Analysis / Preditores dos Comportamentos de Redesenho do Trabalho: Uma Análise de Mediação

Abstract The study explored the relationship between psychological safety and job crafting behaviors, as well as the mediating role of the satisfaction of psychological needs in this relationship. The sample was composed of 1,171 Brazilian workers, who answered the Psychological Safety Scale, the Basic Needs Satisfaction General Scale and the Job Crafting Scale. The structural equations modeling showed that the perception of psychological safety contributed to the satisfaction of psychological needs which, in turn, affected the job crafting behaviors. It was concluded that the job crafting behaviors suffer from the influence of contextual work resources and motivational aspects, which contributes to the understanding of the effects of the new demands of work on organizational behavior.

Resumo O estudo investigou a relação da segurança psicológica com os comportamentos de redesenho, bem como o papel mediador da satisfação das necessidades psicológicas em tal relação. A amostra compôs-se de 1171 trabalhadores brasileiros, que responderam à Escala de Segurança Psicológica, à Escala Geral de Satisfação das Necessidades Básicas e à Escala de Comportamentos de Redesenho do Trabalho. A modelagem de equações estruturais indicou que a percepção de segurança psicológica contribuiu para a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas, que, por sua vez, impactaram os comportamentos de redesenho. Concluiu-se que os comportamentos de redesenho sofrem a influência de recursos contextuais do trabalho e de aspectos motivacionais, o que contribui para a compreensão dos efeitos das novas demandas do trabalho sobre o comportamento organizacional.

Introduction to Customized Occupational Safety and Health website and Its Effectiveness in Improving Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC) among Police Officers

@#Introduction: The prevalence of stress among Malaysian police is high in which 38.8% polices have severe stress related to work resources and workplace environment. Psychosocial safety climate is one of the indicators that can be used to avoid psychosocial health problems. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of psychosocial safety climate and to measure the effectiveness of a customised safety website in improving the safety climate. Methodology: This study involved 105 police officers who were randomly selected from nine different departments in PDRM Bukit Aman. A survey adapted from previous study was used to determine the psychosocial safety climate levels among respondents. Then, occupational safety website was introduced to the respondents and being used for two weeks. Lastly, post survey was done to see the difference of psychosocial safety climate before and after the use of the website. Results and Discussion: Findings showed that team psychological safety (r=0.381, p=<0.001) and physical safety climate (r=0.657, p=<0.001) were significantly associated with psychosocial safety climate level. The means before (36.095 ± 5.6202) and after (37.742 ± 4.7069) the introduction of occupational safety website was good. Still, there was a significant improvement of psychosocial safety climate level after the introduction of occupational safety website. Conclusion: This study showed that psychosocial safety climate level in an organization can be improved by introducing an informative website specific for polic

The study of influence about personal factors and organizational factors on nurses' career growth / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of work-family support,self-efficacy and psychological safety climate on nurses' career growth,and to establish a model of this influence.Methods Totally 382 registered nurses were recruited from four third level and grade A hospitals in Tianjin.They were investigated with Career Growth Scale (CGS),Work-Family Support Scale (WFSS),General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Psychological Safety Climate (PSC).Results The total effect of work-family support on nurses career growth was 0.562 with the 95％ confidence interval at 0.502-0.641;Indirect effect was 0.121 with the 95％ confidence interval at 0.065-0.207,both of the effects were statistically significant.The effect of work-family support-psychological security atmosphere-self-efficacy and career growth path accounted for 45.1％ of the total indirect effect with 95％ confidence interval at 0.197-0.201;the effect of work-family support-self-efficacy and career growth path accounted for 54.9％ of the total indirect effect with 95％ confidence interval at 0.066-0.068,the intermediary effect were established.Conclusions This study established a structural equation model connecting work-family support,self-efficacy,psychological security atmosphere,career growth and enucleate their internal connection.The administrators of nurses should provide nurses with support on both work and life,and help nurse with their career growth through increases of self-efficacy and psychological safety climate.

Research in mechanism of influence of transformational leadership on nursing team effectiveness / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the status quo of transformational leadership,psychological empowerment,team psychological safety and team effectiveness,and test whether the supposed structural equation is tenable.Methods Totally 380 nurses completed the Transformational Leadership Questionnaire,Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire,Team Psychological Safety Questionnaire and Team Effectiveness Questionnaire,structural equation model was used to verify the relationship of the above,Bootstrapping confidential interval and product of coefficient were used to test the mediating effect.Results Significant correlations were found between transformational leadership,psychological empowerment,team psychological safety and team effectiveness (P ＜ 0.01),transformational leadership played indirect effect on team effectiveness (Z=6.195,P ＜ 0.05),psychological empowerment and psychological safety had a totally mediation effect.Conclusions Healthcare workers should make psychological empowerment and team psychological safety as the breakthrough point,fully play the advantages of transformational leadership on team effectiveness in order to increase the working ability of nurses and make them complete the clinical work effectively and with high quality.

The relationship among psychological safety climate,proactive personality and nurse self-efficacy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the relationship among psychological satety climate,proactive personality and self-efficacy.Methods Psychological safety climate scale,proactive personality scale,and self-efficacy scale were used to investigate a total of 228 registered nurses from two tertiary hospitals of Tianjin City from October to December,2013.Results The average points of nurses psychological safety climate was (3.05±0.53),average points of proactive personality was (2.70±0.48),average points of self-efficacy was (2.74±0.45),all were in the medium level.Both psychological safety climate and proactive personality could positively influence nursing self-efficacy directly(r=0349～0.472,P ＜ 0.01),and psychological safety climate could also indirectly influence nursing self-efficacy through the mediation of proactive personality (3 decreased from 0.472 to 0.352,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Hospi-tal should make concerted efforts to improve psychological safety climate and proactive personality so as to in-crease nurses' self-efficacy.