Ganhos e Perdas na Aposentadoria e a Intenção de Empreender de Servidores do Judiciário / Gains and Losses on Retirement and Entrepreneurial Intention on Labor Court Civil Servants / Ganancias y Pérdidas en Jubilación e Intención Empresarial en Servidores del Poder Judicial del Trabajo

Este estudo objetivou identificar possíveis efeitos das atitudes em relação à aposentadoria e intenção de empreender. Participaram da pesquisa 162 servidores públicos do judiciário trabalhista, que responderem a um questionário on-line autoaplicável com escalas sobre intenção de empreender, perdas e ganhos na aposentadoria e potencial empreendedor. Um modelo de regressão múltipla hierárquica stepwise foi proposto para seleção do modelo inicial. Testes de mediação foram utilizados para testar as seguintes hipóteses: H1 - os ganhos percebidos frente a um novo começo na aposentadoria exerceriam influência positiva na intenção empreendedora; H2 - as perdas percebidas quanto aos aspectos tangíveis do trabalho exerceriam influência positiva na intenção empreendedora; H3 - Maiores níveis de oportunidade para empreender predizem maiores níveis de intenção empreendedora; e H4 - a oportunidade para empreender funcionaria como variável mediadora entre os ganhos percebidos de um novo começo e as perdas percebidas dos aspectos tangíveis do trabalho em relação ao desfecho da intenção empreendedora. Os resultados estatísticos foram satisfatórios para a amostra, corroborando as quatro hipóteses mencionadas. As atitudes positivas ou negativas sobre a aposentadoria possuem efeito sobre a intenção de empreender, sendo a oportunidade para empreender um mecanismo importante para este efeito.

This study aimed to identify possible effects of attitudes concerning to retirement and the willing to undertake. There were 162 civil servants of the labor court offices who answered a self-administered online survey with scales about the willing to undertake, losses and gains in retirement, and entrepreneurial potential. A stepwise hierarchical multiple regression model was proposed for the first model selection. Mediation tests were used to validate the following hypotheses: H1 - Perceived gains from a new start in retirement would make a positive influence on entrepreneurial intention; H2 - the perceived losses regarding to the concrete aspects of the work would make a positive influence on the entrepreneurial intention; H3 - Higher levels of opportunity for entrepreneurship predict higher levels of entrepreneurial intention and H4 - the opportunity to undertake would work as a mediating variable between the perceived gains of a new beginning and the perceived losses concerning to the concrete aspects of the work in relation to the entrepreneurial intention outcome. Statistical results were satisfactory for the sample, and therefore it validates the four hypotheses mentioned above. Positive or negative attitudes about retirement influence the intention to entrepreneur. The opportunity for entrepreneurship plays an important role to realize it.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los posibles efectos de las actitudes hacia la jubilación y la intención de emprender. En la encuesta participaron un total de 162 funcionarios de la justicia laboral, quienes respondieron un cuestionario autoadministrado en línea con baremos sobre intención de emprender, pérdidas y ganancias en la jubilación y potencial emprendedor. Se propuso un modelo de regresión múltiple jerárquico por pasos para la selección del modelo inicial. Se utilizaron pruebas de mediación para probar las siguientes hipótesis: H1: las ganancias percibidas de un nuevo comienzo en la jubilación ejercerían una influencia positiva en la intención empresarial; H2 - las pérdidas percibidas respecto a los aspectos tangibles del trabajo ejercerían una influencia positiva en la intención emprendedora; H3 - Mayores niveles de oportunidad para emprender predicen mayores niveles de intención emprendedora y H4 - la oportunidad de emprender funcionaría como variable mediadora entre las ganancias percibidas de un nuevo comienzo, las pérdidas percibidas de los aspectos tangibles del trabajo en relación con el resultado de la intención emprendedora. Los resultados estadísticos fueron satisfactorios para la muestra, corroborando las cuatro hipótesis mencionadas. Las actitudes positivas o negativas sobre la jubilación tienen un efecto sobre la intención de emprender, siendo la oportunidad de emprender un mecanismo importante para este efecto.

Attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control among civil servants in smoke-free governments of Ningbo City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control among civil servants in smoke-free governments of Ningbo City, so as to provide insights into the construction of smoke-free governments.@*Methods@#Ten governments were randomly sampled from city-level and county/district-level smoke-free governments in Ningbo City using a stratified random sampling method, and 10 civil servants were sampled from each government using a convenient sampling method. Participants' demographics, attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control and second-hand smoke exposure were collected using a self-designed questionnaire and descriptively analyzed.@*Results@# A total of 1 100 civil servants were recruited, including 466 men (42.36%) and had a mean age of (39.02±9.38) years. There were 1 005 participants favoring “civil servants should refuse smoking firstly” (91.36%), 1 058 participants favoring “governments should build a smoke-free environment firstly” (96.18%), 1 075 participants favoring “smoking should be completely banned in any indoor public places” (97.73%), 913 participants thinking that smoking should be completely banned in any indoor public places (83.00%) and 813 participants thinking that tobacco control regulations are implemented satisfactorily in their workplaces (73.91%). The overall prevalence of current smoking was 11.91% among participants, and the prevalence of current smoking was 28.11% among male participants. Among all current smokers, 84 attempted to quit smoking (64.12%), and 89 had willingness or plans to quit smoking (67.94%). The proportion of second-hand smoke exposure in workplaces was 40.97% among non-smokers in the past one week.@*Conclusions@# The civil servants in Ningbo City has correct awareness of smoke-free governments, active attitudes towards tobacco control and low prevalence of smoking. However, smoke-free regulations remain to be improved and long-term tobacco control mechanisms remain to be created in governments in Ningbo City

The Mediation of Harmonious Passion for Work in the Servant Leadership and Work Intentions Relationship: A Longitudinal Study / La mediación de la pasión armoniosa por el trabajo en la relación entre el liderazgo de servicio y las intenciones laborales: Un estudio longitudinal

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between servant leadership and work intentions, mediated by passion for work, in a longitudinal study. Data were collected in three waves, with three-month intervals in between, totaling a six-month data collection period. The total sample consisted of 479 workers of both genders (70.4% women) from all Brazilian regions. The results of the cross-lagged panel analysis showed that the servant leadership positively predicted work intentions. In addition, passion for work partially mediated the relationship between servant leadership and work intentions. However, contrary to expectations, this mediation was negative. The results are discussed according to the Passion for Work Assessment Model, which provided theoretical support for the investigation.

Resumen El estudio evaluó la relación entre el liderazgo de servicio y las intenciones laborales, mediadas por la pasión por el trabajo, en un estudio longitudinal. Los datos se recopilaron en tres oleadas, con intervalos de tres meses entre ellos, totalizando un periodo de recopilación de datos de seis meses. La muestra total estuvo constituida por 479 trabajadores de todas las regiones brasileñas y de ambos sexos (70,4% mujeres). Los resultados del análisis de panel rezagado cruzado mostraron que el liderazgo de servicia predijo positivamente las intenciones de trabajo. Además, la pasión por el trabajo medió parcialmente la relación entre el liderazgo de servicia y las intenciones laborales. Sin embargo, contrariamente a lo esperado, esta mediación fue negativa. Los resultados se discuten a la luz del Modelo de Evaluación de la Pasión por el Trabajo, que brindó soporte teórico para la investigación.

Investigation and analysis of smoking behaviour of civil servants in Minhang District, Shanghai / 环境与职业医学

Background The tobacco epidemic as one of the most serious public health problems in the world contributes great harm to human health. It is urgent to develop tobacco control strategy. Civil servants' behaviors as a role model for society have a great influence on the rest of society. Thus, it is important to promote tobacco control program on helping civil servants to quit smoking. Objective To understand the smoking and second-hand smoking exposures status, the awareness of knowledge of tobacco hazards, and the attitudes to tobacco control policies of civil servants in Minhang District, Shanghai. Furthermore, to explore the related strategies and measures for tobacco control, to provide a basis for the development and revision of relevant intervention measures and policies. Methods A total of 20 government agencies with newly installed smoking-free programs from 10 subdistricts and towns in Minhang District, including Xinzhuang, Wujing, Maqiao, Qibao, Meilong, Hongqiao, Zhuanqiao, Jiangchuan, Gumei, and Xinhong were selected as study sites.A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate all civil servants (n=801) of selected agencies. The questionnaire included general characteristics, smoking and second-hand smoking exposure status, knowledge of tobacco hazard, and attitudes to tobacco control policies. Results A total of 794 civil servants returned valid questionnaires. The awareness rate of tobacco hazards in the smoking group was lower than that in the non-smoking group (P<0.05). Relatively high smoking rates were reported in those being male (17.08%), age ≥51 years old (25.61%), divorced or widowed (12.50%), technical secondary school or below education level (22.81%), having more than 10 years of working years (11.57%), being willing to dissuade indoor smoking (24.54%), having no punishment or warning measures for violation of smoking regulations in workplaces (18.37%), and having no dedicated smoking spot at home (15.38%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age 31-40 years old (OR=3.446, 95%CI: 1.236-9.609) and to avoid confronting indoor smoking (OR=3.686, 95%CI: 1.041-13.049) were risk factors for smoking in civil servants. Conclusion Civil servants aged 31-40 years old who deliberately avoid confronting indoor smoking behaviors are the key intervention population of smoking control in Minhang District, Shanghai.

Analysis of the situation ，influential factors and their relationship of hospital pharmacy managers ’servant leadership behavior and hospital pharmacists ’job satisfaction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the situation ，influential factors and their re lationship of hospital pharmacy managers ’ servant leadership behavior and hospital pharmacists ’job satisfaction. METHODS The questionnaire survey method was adopted to stratified cluster sampling from primary ，secondary and tertiary hospitals ，five for each in Henan province. The personal basic data scale of pharmacists ，the hospital pharmaceutical service leadership behavior scale and the job satisfaction scale of pharmacists were used to conduct a questionnaire survey among hospital pharmacists. Excel 2019 and SPSS 23.0 software were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 956 questionnaires were distributed and 882 questionnaires were recovered ，including 841 valid questionnaires，with an effective recovery rate of 95.35％. The reliability coefficients Cronbach’s α of hospital pharmacy managers ’ servant leadership behavior scale and hospital pharmacists ’job satisfaction scale were 0.986 and 0.978，and the validity coefficients KMO were 0.908 and 0.977（P＜0.01）. The total score of hospital pharmacy managers ’servant leadership behavior was （110.73± 18.63）. The total score of hospital pharmacists ’job satisfaction was （126.33±17.79）. Hospital grade ，gender，age，professional title and highest education level all affected pharmacists ’recognition for managers ’servant leadership behavior （P＜0.05）. Hospital grade，age，professional title ，marital status ，highest education level and position all affected job satisfaction （P＜0.05）. The servant leadership behavior of hospital pharmacy managers was positively correlated with the job satisfaction of hospital pharmacists （correlation coefficient r was 0.521-0.698，all P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The promotion and optimization the servant leadership behavior of hospital pharmacy managers can improve the job satisfaction of pharmacists ，stabilize the team of pharmacists ，and provide high-quality pharmaceutical care for patients ，so as to improve the core competitiveness of the hospital.

Estrutura remuneratória dos servidores ativos civis do Executivo federal / Estructura de remuneración de los funcionarios civiles del Ejecutivo federal en Brasil / Compensation structure of the Federal Executive's active civil servants in Brazil

Resumo A administração pública federal passa por um momento de aperto fiscal, e, como o gasto com pessoal é um dos maiores componentes da despesa, mostra-se importante avaliar sua composição. Para isso, este artigo analisa detalhadamente a estrutura remuneratória das carreiras do Executivo federal civil. O texto mostra que a maioria dos servidores federais civis está entre os 10% mais bem remunerados do país, recebendo, em certos casos, um prêmio salarial com relação à esfera privada. Analisamos também que servidores com as mesmas atribuições têm remuneração significativamente diferente, dependendo do órgão da administração direta ou da entidade da administração indireta em que trabalham. Além disso, evidenciamos a prociclicalidade da despesa com pessoal ativo do Executivo, possivelmente liderada em tempos de recessão. Dito isso, uma agenda de reforma administrativa é importante para racionalizar as carreiras do serviço público, trazendo a remuneração à realidade brasileira e premiando servidores de alto desempenho por meio de metas de médio e longo prazos.

Resumen La Administración Pública Federal está atravesando un momento de ajuste fiscal y, como los gastos de personal son uno de los componentes más importantes del gasto público, es importante evaluar su composición. Para ello, este artículo analiza en detalle la estructura de remuneración de las carreras del Ejecutivo federal. El artículo muestra que la mayoría de los funcionarios federales se encuentra dentro del 10% mejor remunerado del país, percibiendo en ciertos casos una prima salarial, como en la esfera privada y otros países. También inferimos que los funcionarios públicos con las mismas atribuciones tienen una remuneración significativamente diferente, dependiendo del cuerpo de la administración directa o indirecta en la que trabajan. Además, evidenciamos la prociclicidad del gasto en personal activo del Ejecutivo federal. Dicho esto, es importante una agenda de reforma administrativa para racionalizar las carreras del servicio público, traer la remuneración a la realidad brasileña y recompensar a los funcionarios de alto rendimiento a través de metas a mediano y largo plazo.

Abstract The Brazilian Federal Public Administration is going through a period of fiscal tightening, and as personnel expenses are one of the largest components of expenditure, it is important to assess its composition. This article analyzes in detail the remuneration structure of executive branch careers. The article shows that most federal employees are among the 10% best-paid employees in the country, earning a salary premium relative to the private sector and other countries' public servants. Moreover, we show that civil servants with equivalent duties have significantly different remuneration, depending on the body of the direct or indirect administration in which they work. In addition, we highlight the procyclicality of the expenditure on executive branch active personnel. An administrative reform agenda is important to rationalize public service careers, provide remuneration in line with the Brazilian reality, and reward high-performance employees through medium and long-term goals.

"Nós passamos por uns maus bocados": análise das narrativas dos serv(i)dores públicos federais sobre o trabalhar / "We've gone through some hard time": analysis of the narratives of federal public servants about working

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma escuta clínica do sofrimento no trabalho com um grupo de servidores públicos federais. O aporte teórico é da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e o percurso metodológico centra-se na construção de um espaço de discussão proposto pela prática clínica, com uso dos seguintes dispositivos: análise da demanda, transferência e interpretação; formação do clínico e supervisão clínica. Objetiva-se analisar as narrativas dos participantes por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo. Foram realizadas 12 sessões com a participação de 11 servidores. Conclui-se que o uso dos dispositivos clínicos permitiu que os serv(i)dores mudassem suas atitudes frente ao trabalho, visto que atribuíram novos sentidos ao trabalho, (re)significando, assim, os conteúdos que desencadearam sofrimento intenso. Desse modo, percebeu-se que houve uma reorganização do sistema defensivo. Confirma-se, assim, a importância da clínica como potencial político de organização coletiva.

This article presents the results of clinical listening to suffering at work with a group of federal civil servants. The theoretical contribution comes from Psychodynamics of Work and the methodological approach focuses on the construction of a space for discussion as proposed by clinical practice, using the following devices: demand analysis, transference and interpretation; clinician training and clinical supervision. The objective is to analyze the participants' narratives through qualitative research and descriptive perspective. Twelve sessions were held with the participation of eleven civil servants. It is concluded that the use of clinical devices allowed civil servants to change their attitudes towards work, as they attributed new meanings to work, thus (re)signifying the contents that triggered intense suffering. Thus, it was noticed that there was a reorganization of the defensive system, and the importance of the clinic as a political potential for collective organization is confirmed.

Servidores com deficiência vinculados à administração pública indireta no nordeste do Brasil / Disabled civil servants with ties to the indirect public administration in the northeast of Brazil / Servidores públicos con discapacidad vinculados a la administración pública indirecta en el noreste de Brasil

Resumo A Constituição Federal de 1988 estabeleceu vagas específicas às pessoas com deficiência no setor público brasileiro. O artigo teve por objetivo traçar o perfil demográfico e socioeconômico das pessoas com deficiência nos nove estados do Nordeste e compará-lo ao dos servidores sem deficiência, no ano de 2017. Estudo transversal com dados secundários da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais sobre 312.194 servidores. Calcularam-se as frequências de servidores com e sem deficiência segundo sexo, tipo de deficiência, faixa etária, escolaridade, ocupação, tipo de vínculo, tempo de emprego, remuneração e carga horária semanal. O percentual de pessoas com deficiência esteve abaixo de 2%, idade média 44,2 anos (DP 10,4), predomínio do sexo masculino, escolaridade fundamental completo e vínculo celetista. Ao estratificar por tipo de vínculo e demais variáveis, o servidor sem deficiência possui maior tempo de emprego, maior salário-hora, maior remuneração e menor carga horária semanal do que servidores com deficiência. A menor presença feminina entre as pessoas com deficiência no setor público e as menores remunerações percebidas no grupo de servidores com deficiência podem nortear, dentro desses espaços, a necessidade de mais políticas de inclusão e isonomia e de estudos nessa linha de investigação.

Abstract The 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution established specific posts for disables people in the public sector. The present article had the goal of describing the demographic and socioeconomic profile of disabled persons in the nine states of the Northeastern region of Brazil and compare it to that of the civil servants without disabilities in 2017. It is a cross-sectional study with secondary data from the Annual List of Social Data about 312,194 civil servants. We calculated the frequencies of the civil servants with and without disabilities according to gender, type of disability, age group, level of schooling, occupation, type of employment bond, time on the job, wage, and weekly working hours. The percentage of people with disabilities was below 2%, and the sample had a mean age of 44.2 years (standard deviation: 10.4), a higher prevalence of the male gender, basic level of schooling, and their jobs were tied to the Brazilian Consolidated Labor Legislation. By stratifying by type of employment bond and other variables, the civil servant without disability has a longer time on the job, higher hourly wages, higher wages, and lower weekly working hours than the disabled civil servants. The lower presence of women among the persons with disabilities in the public sector, as well as the lower wages verified among the group of disabled civil servants may guide, within those spaces, the need for more policies of inclusion and isonomy, as well as for more studies following this line of investigation.

Resumen La Constitución Federal Brasileña de 1988 estableció plazas específicas para las personas con discapacidad en el sector público. El artículo tiene el objetivo de describir el perfil demográfico y socioeconómico de las personas con discapacidad en los nueve estados de la región Noreste de Brasil y compararlo con el de los servidores sin discapacidad en el año 2017. Se trata de un estudio transversal con datos secundarios de la Relación Anual de Informaciones Sociales sobre 312.194 servidores. Calculamos las frecuencias de servidores con y sin discapacidad según el género, el tipo de discapacidad, la franja etaria, la escolaridad, la ocupación, el tipo de vínculo, el tiempo en el trabajo, la remuneración y las horas semanales de trabajo. El porcentaje de personas con discapacidad estuvo abajo del 2%, y la muestra tenía edad media de 44,2 años (desviación estándar: 10,4), predominio del género masculino, escolaridad básica completa, y vínculo con la Consolidación de Leyes Laborales. Al estratificar por tipo de vínculo y por otras variables, el servidor sin discapacidad tiene más tempo en el trabajo, sueldo horario más alto, remuneración más alta, y menos horas de trabajo semanales que los servidores con discapacidad. La menor presencia femenina entre las personas con discapacidad en el sector público y las remuneraciones más bajas verificadas en el grupo de servidores con discapacidad pueden nortear, en eses espacios, la necesidad de más políticas de inclusión e isonomía, y de estudios en esa línea de investigación.

"Wish you were here" confianza en la administración pública en Latinoamérica / "Wish you were here" confiança na administração pública na América Latina / "Wish you were here" trust in public administration in Latin America

Resumen Sabemos que los ciudadanos latinoamericanos desconfían mucho de las instituciones. Pero ¿qué subyace a dichas actitudes? Este trabajo presenta un esfuerzo exploratorio y descriptivo en torno a la Administración Pública. Los objetivos son: a) contrastar las creencias que sobre dicha institución tienen la ciudadanía y los administradores, b) verificar diferencias y semejanzas entre países de la región, c) identificar ejes de reforma para promover la creación de confianza. Metodológicamente, se triangula información proveniente de tres fuentes de datos: Latinobarómetro (2011, 2015), CAF Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina, (CAF, 2014), y una encuesta propia con apoyo de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA, 2015). El análisis revela que: a) no existen diferencias apreciables entre funcionarios y ciudadanía, b) hay relativa homogeneidad entre países, c) las políticas de gobierno abierto pueden ser una excelente oportunidad para renovar la confianza.

Resumo Sabemos que os cidadãos latino-americanos são muito desconfiados das instituições. Mas o que subjaz essas atitudes? Este trabalho apresenta um esforço exploratório e descritivo em torno da Administração Pública. Os objetivos são: a) contrastar as crenças que cidadãos e administradores têm sobre a referida instituição, b) verificar diferenças e semelhanças entre os países da região, c) identificar eixos de reforma para promover a criação de confiança. Metodologicamente, as informações são coletadas de três fontes de dados: Latinobarómetro (2011, 2015), CAF Banco de Desenvolvimento da América Latina (CAF, 2014) e uma pesquisa própria com o apoio da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA, 2015). A análise revela que: a) não há diferenças apreciáveis entre funcionários e cidadãos, b) há relativa homogeneidade entre países, c) políticas governamentais abertas podem ser uma excelente oportunidade para renovar a confiança.

Abstract Studies show that Latin American citizens do not trust institutions. But what underlies this distrust? This work presents an exploratory and descriptive effort around Public Administration. The goals are: a) to contrast the beliefs that citizens and administrators have about Public Administration, b) to verify differences and similarities between countries of the region, c) to identify aspects of reform that promote trust. Information was gathered from three data sources: Latinobarómetro (2011, 2015), CAF Development Bank of Latin America, (2014), and a survey with the support of the Organization of American State (OAS, 2015). The analysis reveals that: a) there are no appreciable differences between officials and citizens, b) there is relative homogeneity between countries, c) open government policies can be an excellent opportunity to renew trust.

Comparação de custos com motoristas em universidade federal: servidores públicos vs terceirizados / Comparación de costos con conductores en universidad federal: funcionarios públicos contra subcontratados / Comparison of costs with car drivers in a federal university: public servants vs outsourced professionals

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar se a terceirização de serviços é economicamente mais vantajosa do que a manutenção de servidores públicos federais no cargo de motorista. A análise compreendeu um período de 5 anos, de 2013 a 2017, com os 2 tipos de mão de obra, na Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM). O estudo de caso se baseou em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para a compilação dos dados necessários para a comparação. Os resultados demonstraram que para o cargo de motorista, a terceirização envolve uma redução de custos anuais e que os altos custos verificados nas folhas de pagamento dos servidores decorrem, principalmente, dos adicionais e auxílios aos quais têm direito, de acordo com a Lei n. 8.112 (1990). Porém, quanto à decisão de terceirizar determinado serviço, deve-se considerar, ainda, a reposição de mão de obra, a qualidade do serviço e as aposentadorias.

Resumen Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo verificar si la subcontratación de servicios es económicamente más ventajosa que el mantenimiento de funcionarios públicos nacionales para el cargo de conductor. El análisis comprendió un período de 5 años, de 2013 a 2017, con los 2 tipos de mano de obra, en la Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM). El estudio de caso se basó en investigación bibliográfica y documental para la compilación de los datos necesarios para la comparación. Los resultados demostraron que para el cargo de conductor, la subcontratación implica una reducción de costos anuales y que los altos costos verificados en las nóminas de los funcionarios resultan principalmente de los valores adicionales y ayudas a que tienen derecho, de acuerdo con la Ley n.o 8.112 (1990). Sin embargo, en cuanto a la decisión de subcontratar determinado servicio, se debe considerar, además, la reposición de mano de obra, la calidad del servicio y las jubilaciones.

Abstract This research aimed to verify if outsourcing driving services is economically advantageous over the maintenance of car drivers in the condition of federal public servants. The analysis comprised a period of 5 years, from 2013 to 2017, with the two types of employment contracts (public servant and outsourced car driver), at the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM). The case study was based on bibliographical and documentary research to compile the necessary data for the comparison. The results showed that outsourcing involves a reduction of annual costs and that the high costs related to car drivers that are public servants results from the benefits included in the servants' remuneration package, according to Law 8112 (1990). The decision for outsource certain services, however, must also take into consideration the replacement of labor, quality of service, and pensions.

Physical Inactivity among Health Staff: What Influences the Behaviour?

@#Introduction: Physical inactivity has been recognised as the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Individuals who are physically inactive have an increased risk of 20% to 30% of dying prematurely. Individuals who fulfil the minimum recommendations of physical activity can reduce the development of Non-Communicable Diseases. In 2015, 33.5% of Malaysian adults were reported to be physically inactive. Various factors were found to be associated with physical activity participation and these factors need to be explored. Methods: A cross-sectional study using proportionate simple random sampling was conducted. A total of 310 health staff were sampled according to the proportion from five divisions and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. IBM SPSS version 22.0 were used to analyse the data. Predictors for physical activity were also determined. Results: The response rate was 97.7% (303 out of 310). The prevalence of physical inactivity among respondents was 37.6%. The predictors for physical inactivity were smoker/ex-smoker (aOR=2.308, p=0.027), certificate/diploma education (aOR=2.135, p=0.008), personal barrier (aOR=1.055, p=0.017) and social environment barrier (aOR=1.106, p =0.025). Conclusion: People that have a higher possibility of being physically inactive were those with certificate or diploma education and smokers or ex-smokers. Those with personal barriers and social environment barriers likewise have higher probability of being physically inactive. Thus, appropriate health interventions should be developed by taking these factors into consideration to promote physical activity among the health staff.

Correlation between service leadership behavior and turnover intention of nurses in military central hospital / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand the status quo of servant leadership behavior of head nurses in military hospital and its relationship with nurses′ intention to stay, and to make suggestions for maintaining the stability of military hospital nurses. Methods A total of 501 nurses from a military hospital (top three) were surveyed by self-designed general data scale, Head Nurses′Servant Leadership Behavior Scale and Turnover Intention Scale. Results The average score of servant leadership behavior was (80.39 ± 13.79) points, and the correlation coefficient between the head nurse service and the leave intention was-0.255 (P<0.01). Conclusions The servant leadership behavior of the head nurses in a military hospital is at a moderate level and it still can be ameliorated. Training can improve head nurses′capacity of the servant leadership behavior, which can reduce the turnover intention of the nurses in military hospitals.

A política de cotas étnico-raciais para concursos públicos de ensino superior / The policy of ethnic-racial quotas for public competitions of higher education level

A situação problemática que instigou a presente pesquisa é se os fundamentos da Política Pública de inclusão étnico-racial, através da reserva de cotas em concursos públicos de nível superior, instituídas pela lei 12.990/2014, se sustentam diante do princípio igualdade material, considerando que já existe uma política de inclusão nos cursos superiores das universidades públicas para este grupo? Para responder esta indagação, o método de abordagem foi o hipotético-dedutivo, haja visto que a partir do problema levantado algumas hipóteses podem ser arguidas, as quais serão, ao longo da pesquisa, refutadas ou confirmadas. Quanto à técnica de pesquisa empregou-se a consulta de bibliografia, de periódicos e de acervos jurisprudenciais. Assim, partindo-se do pressuposto de que a já existente Política Pública de cotas étnico-raciais para inclusão nos cursos de ensino superior implementada pela lei 12.711/2012, se dispõe exatamente em viabilizar o requisito mínimo para aqueles que pretendem concorrer às vagas de nível superior de ensino dispostas pela Administração Pública, pode-se afirmar que existe uma relação de bis in idem entre as leis em comento. No entanto, apesar dessa constatação, resta compreensível e aceitável a aplicação da lei 12.990/2014 devido à obrigação do Estado, inclusive perante o cenário internacional, em promover a plenitude da igualdade material, como também, conforme o argumento da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, na promoção da estabilidade sociocultural in loco, proporcionando o sentimento de pertença nas gerações vindouras.

The problematic situation that prompted this research is whether the foundations of public policies of ethnic-racial inclusion, by reserving quotas for those who take the civil servants exams of higher education levels, introduced by the Law 12.990/2014, which are supported on the principle of material equality, - taking into consideration the already existing inclusion policy for higher education in public universities for this group? To answer this question, the approach method used was the hypothetical-deductive one, considering the fact that, from the problem, some hypotheses emerged and they can be argued, which will be refuted or confirmed along the research. As for the research technique, the bibliography checking was used, as well as periodicals and jurisprudential collections. Thus, starting from the assumption that the existing Public Policy on ethnic-racial quotas for inclusion on these exams was implemented by the Law 12,711/2012, that enables the minimum requirement for those candidates willing to fill the number of vacancies made available by the Public Administration, it can be said that there is a bis in idem relationship concerning to the laws under discussion. However, despite this fact, it remains understandable and acceptable the law enforcement 12.990/2014 due to the obligation of the State, including the international aspect, to promote the fullness of material equality, as well as the argument of the Bar Association of Brazil and the promotion of socio-cultural stability in loco, providing a sense of belonging for those generations yet to come.

Conversando sobre desgaste mental no trabalho e suas possibilidades de enfrentamento: uma experiência no serviço público municipal de Guarulhos / Talking about mental strain at work and coping possibilities: an experience in the public service of Guarulhos, SP, Brazil

Resumo Objetivo: apresentar uma experiência no campo da saúde mental relacionada ao trabalho realizada por equipe de psicologia de serviço de segurança e saúde do trabalhador com servidores do serviço público municipal de Guarulhos. Métodos: Relato de trabalho de acolhimento em grupos realizado desde 2012 com servidores que associam seu desgaste mental ao trabalho, para proporcionar um espaço de reflexão coletiva sobre os fatores que levam ao sofrimento psíquico e possibilitar a percepção e a valorização de sua capacidade laboral como forma de seu enfrentamento. Resultados: o trabalho permitiu aos participantes identificar vivências mais prazerosas e os suportes para o enfrentamento das situações de sofrimento, além do seu fortalecimento psíquico com a saída gradativa do isolamento. Conclusão: tratar desse tema envolvendo também as chefias colaborou para ampliar espaços de discussão da relação entre saúde mental e trabalho na Prefeitura de Guarulhos.

Abstract Objective: to present an experience in the field of worker's mental health carried out by the psychology team of a public safety and health service with public servants of Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. Methods: we report a work experience with psychological host groups carried out since 2012 with public servants that associate their mental strain with labor, in order to create a space for collective reflections on the factors that lead to psychic suffering and to help them perceive and valorize their work capability as a way of coping with the situation. Results: the work allowed participants to identify more pleasant experiences and cope with suffering situations, in addition of psychic strengthening to them gradually leave their isolation. Conclusion: to address this topic also involving managers helped to broaden the discussion spaces on the relation between mental health and work in the public service of Garulhos.

Effects of Head Nurses' Servant Leadership on Organizational Commitment among Clinical Nurses: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Empowerment / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the mediating effect of empowerment in the relationship between head nurses' servant leadership and organizational commitment among clinical nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A convenience sample of 249 nurses was recruited from three hospitals located in J province, South Korea. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires, including general characteristics, servant leadership, empowerment, and organizational commitment. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and linear regression using the SPSS 22.0 program. RESULTS: Head nurses' servant leadership perceived by clinical nurses significantly influenced their organization commitment. Empowerment partly mediated the effect of servant leadership on organizational commitment. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the importance of improving nurse managers' servant leadership and empowering nurses to increase their organizational commitment.

Entre o atender e o ser atendido: políticas em saúde para o trabalhador do serviço público / Between the meeting and being met: health policy for public service workers

As relações do mundo do trabalho repercutem nos processos saúde/doença do servidor público. Nosso propósito foi compreender como são percebidas as políticas em saúde do trabalhador do serviço público. Apresentamos relatos de representantes de sete instituições públicas de um município do sudoeste da Bahia. Os relatos foram mediados a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: "Fale-me de sua experiência na área da saúde do trabalhador e como você percebe essa política no município e no órgão no qual você está inserido". Os dados foram analisados a partir do método fenomenológico, tendo emergido sete categorias: 1) estruturação dos serviços: institucionalizar os serviços na rede de saúde municipal; 2) ações e diretrizes: divulgação sobre o tema; 3) equipes e serviços: registro de adoecimentos relacionados ao trabalho; 4) atenção à saúde do servidor público por meio de políticas públicas: carência de ações; 5) principais demandas em saúde do trabalhador: LER-DORT, transtornos mentais; 6) limites e dificuldades: burocracia, mudanças de gestores; 7) Ausência de protocolo e planejamento: ações pontuais. Conclusão: necessidade de ampliação de ações visando à saúde do servidor público e dar visibilidade a essa necessidade, por meio de dados mensuráveis e de divulgação. Indicação de ampliação de espaço para discussão dentro das instituições públicas...

The relationships in the work world reflect upon the health/disease processes of public servants. Our purpose was to comprehend how the policies within Public Service Occupational Health are viewed. We present reports by representatives of seven public institutions from a municipality in southwestern Bahia. The reports were mediated from the following question: "Tell me about your experience in the occupational health field and how you view this policy in the municipality and in the agency in which you are". Data were analyzed through the phenomenological method with the emergence of seven categories: 1) structuring of services: institutionalization of services in the municipal health network; 2) actions and guidelines: diffusion on the subject; 3) teams and services: registration of work-related illnesses; 4) health care for public servants by means of public policies: lack of actions. 5) main occupational health demands: RSI/WRMSD, mental disorders; 6) limits and difficulties: bureaucracy, managers' replacements; 7) lack of protocol and planning: specific actions. Conclusion: need for expanding actions by aiming at public servants' health and providing visibility for this need through measurable data and diffusion. Indication of larger space for discussion within public Institutions...

A condição de servente na construção civil / The servant condition in construction

Compreender as raízes e o contexto em que é gerada e reproduzida a discriminação da categoria dos serventes na construção civil, bem como suas implicações psicossociais. Esse foi o objetivo norteador de uma investigação desenvolvida através de um estudo de caso, cujos resultados e análises dão corpo ao presente artigo. O trabalho se inscreve nas chamadas Clínicas do Trabalho, na perspectiva da psicossociologia do trabalho. Tomou-se como campo do estudo uma empresa privada de pequeno porte do ramo da construção civil, situada na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, MG. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: (a) estudos preliminares; (b) observações ergonômicas e entrevistas; e (c) análise das entrevistas e estruturação do texto. Constatou-se uma marcante contradição entre os discursos dirigidos ao servente quando falam de sua atividade a partir do senso comum e aqueles que partem da vivência e da análise do trabalho real desses profissionais. Além disso, revelou-se que a condição de servente encarna um conjunto de características assimiladas como negativas, que dificultam a formação de uma autoimagem e de uma identidade positivas por parte daqueles que são por ela marcados. Identificou-se também que a discriminação da categoria exerce importante função política (controle social) através do enfraquecimento ou mesmo anulação da coesão e organização coletivas. O estudo denuncia a coexistência dos mais sofisticados mecanismos de produção e a sujeição de seres humanos a relações/situações de vida e trabalho humilhantes e/ou degradantes, contradição classificada como ética e moralmente insustentável. Ele sugere ainda que a negligência de investimentos focados no desenvolvimento humano, no contexto de trabalho, mostra-se contraproducente, mesmo que sob a lógica do lucro. Finalmente, as considerações apontam para a necessidade de criação de outro conceito de trabalho em nossas sociedades.

To understand the roots and the context in which discrimination at servants (attendant laborers) in construction is generated and reproduced, as well as their psychosocial implications. This was the guiding objective of a research developed through a case study. It's results and analysis embodies the present article. The work fits in the so-called Clinics of Labor, at the labor psychosociology perspective. The field of study was a small private company in the business of construction, situated in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The research was divided into three stages: (a) preliminary studies, (b) ergonomic observations and interviews and (c) categorization of verbalization and structuring of the text. It was found a striking contradiction between the discourse addressed to the servant when speaking of his activity from the common sense and the speeches that come from analysis of the actual work of these professionals. Besides that, it was revealed that the condition embodies a set of characteristics treated as negative, which hinder the formation of a self-image and a positive identity by those who are marked by it. It was also found that the category of discrimination has an important political function (social control) by weakening and breaking down cohesion and collective organization. The study reveals the coexistence of sophisticated mechanisms of construction production and the placing of human beings into humiliating and/or degrading conditions, which is classified as ethically and morally untenable. It also suggests that the neglect of investments focused on human development, in the work context, reveals to be counterproductive, even under the profit logic. Finally, the considerations point to the need of overcoming the old social order and to create a new concept of work in our societies.

Absenteísmo-doença, modelo demanda-controle e suporte social: um estudo caso-controle aninhado em uma coorte de trabalhadores de hospitais, Santa Catarina, Brasil / Sickness-absenteeism, job demand-control model, and social support: a case-control study nested in a cohort of hospital workers, Santa Catarina, Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a contribuição do Modelo Demanda-Controle (MDC) e do suporte social para duração do absenteísmo-doença segundo Licenças para Tratamento de Saúde (LTS) nos trabalhadores de hospitais (servidores públicos) da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina (SES/SC), Brasil. Entre as secretarias deste estado, a SES/SC tem a segunda maior frequência de LTS, com destaque nos hospitais. Este é um estudo caso-controle aninhado em uma coorte de trabalhadores de hospitais da SES/SC, com acompanhamento entre 01/07/2008 e 30/06/2009. Os casos foram aqueles que apresentaram LTS nesse período, os critérios de pareamento foram sexo, faixa etária e setor de trabalho. O desfecho foi o total de dias de LTS, as variáveis de exposição foram MDC e o suporte social do supervisor e do colega. Utilizou-se dados primários e secundários, nas análises a regressão Zero-inflado Binomial Negativa, e as variáveis socioeconômicas e ocupacionais nos ajustes. O banco de dados para as análises teve 425 (144 casos; 281 controles) participantes. O baixo suporte do colega aumentou a expectativa de dias de LTS em 2,04 (IC95 por cento: 1,05-3,93), unido ao trabalho de baixa exigência aumentou 2,68 (IC95 por cento: 1,37-5,27) e ao de alta exigência (iso-strain) 78 por cento (IC95 por cento: 1,02-3,12) mais do que o MDC com alto suporte do colega. Este estudo mostrou a importância do suporte do colega sobre a duração absenteísmo-doença, e auxiliou conjeturar que a variável tempo nos trabalhadores de hospital leva a adaptação às exigências das tarefas e a monotonia. Intervenções no relacionamento entre os trabalhadores provavelmente diminuirão a duração de LTS.

The aim of the study was to identify the Job Demand-Control (JDC) and social support contribution for sickness-absenteeism duration of Health Treatment Licences (HTL) in hospital workers (civil servants) of the Santa Catarina State Department of Health of (SES/SC), Brazil. These health workers have the second highest HTL among civil servants in the state, especially those working in hospitals. This is a case-control study nested in a cohort of hospital workers followed up between 07/01/2008 and 06/30/2009. The workers with HTL in this period were selected as cases and those without HTL were selected as cases matched by sex, age and working sector. The outcome was the duration of HTL and the exposure variables were JDC and supervisor and coworker social support. We used both primary and secondary data, zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, and socioeconomic and occupation variables in the adjustments. The data used for analysis included 425 participants (144 cases; 281 controls). Low coworker support added 2,04 (95 percent confidence interval (CI): 1,05-3,93) HTL days. This effect increased to 2,68 days (95 percent CI: 1,37-5,27) when combined with low job strain and raised 78 percent (95 percent CI: 1,02-3,12) more than JDC with high coworker support combined with high strain (iso-strain). This study uncovered the importance of coworker support for the duration of sickness-absenteeism and suggested its use for the interventions aiming to decrease the duration of HTL.

Servant leadership in nursing service administration: The case of government hospitals in Pampanga and Tarlac

Nursing leaders contend continuously to challenges that micromanage and often thwart professional creativity. Servant leadership as an approach could address these challenges in nursing service administration. Thus, this study aimed to determine the servant leadership characterization of nursing service administrators of government hospitals in Pampanga and Tarlac. A descriptive correlational design was used. A purposive sample of 70 nurse administrators comprises the respondents. Based on the results on Servant Leadership Inventory (SLI), the majority of them have very low servant first orientation, average to above average receptive caring, above average other centered service, and very low to low instructive transformative relating. Their age and position were significantly related to their servant leadership disposition specifically on the dimensions servant first orientation and instructive transformative relating.

Perfil da aposentadoria por invalidez em servidores públicos municipais do Rio de Janeiro de 1997 a 2008 / Profile of disability retirement in municipal civil servants in Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2008

Para abordarmos o tema aposentadoria por invalidez, revisamos os conceitos de invalidez, incapacidade laborativa na literatura. A fundamentação teórica mostra a discussão de riscos, cargas e exigências do trabalho e os históricos da Previdência Social no Brasil e da Previdência dos Servidores Públicos do Rio de Janeiro (PREVI-RIO). A aposentadoria por invalidez pauta-se em critérios médico-periciais, administrativos e legais. A presente dissertação visa descrever o perfil da morbidade dos servidores públicos municipais do Rio de Janeiro aposentados por invalidez no período de 1997 a 2008. Como objetivos específicos, propomos verificar as patologias que culminam com a invalidez do grupo estudado por função exercida e por gênero; relacionar a invalidez com o tempo do exercício da função pública; estabelecer o impacto em anos perdidos devido à invalidez e conseqüente aposentadoria e quantificar os casos de invalidez dos servidores públicos municipais por acidente de trabalho e doença profissional na série histórica estudada. Desenvolvemos um estudo epidemiológico descritivo de morbidade a partir das causas de invalidez baseadas na Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID10). Criamos um novo banco de dados a partir de e dados das Gerências de Perícia Médica (GPM) da Secretaria Municipal de Administração (SMA) e da PREVI-RIO. Analisamos esses dados pelo pacote estatístico SPSS. Confirmamos a hipótese de que há funções municipais mais vulneráveis à invalidez. Com significância estatística, afirmamos que as merendeiras e auxiliares de enfermagem são mais vulneráveis a doenças osteomusculares e os artífices mais propensos às lesões por causas externas (traumatismos). Destaca-se a magnitude dos casos de aposentadoria por transtornos psiquiátricos como primeira causa de invalidez para todos os cargos estudados. Elaboramos uma tabela que demonstra com nitidez a diferença de gênero quanto à morbidade e propicia a elaboração de uma agenda preventiva...

To approach the subject disability retirement, we review the concepts of disability, labor incapacity in the literature. The theoretical discussion shows the risks, burdens and demands of work and the history of Social Security in Brazil and Welfare of the Public Servants of Rio de Janeiro (Previ-Rio). Retirement for disability staff in forensic-medical criteria, administrative and legal. This thesisaims to describe the morbidity of municipal civil servants in Rio de Janeiro retired on disability in the period 1997-2008. As specific objectives, we verify the conditions that culminate with the disability of the group studied by occupation and by gender, disability relate to the time of exercise of public service, establish theimpact in years lost due to disability and consequent retirement and quantify cases of disability of the municipal public servants of occupational accidents and occupational diseases in the series studied. We developed a descriptive epidemiological study of morbidity from causes of disability based on International Classification of Diseases (CID10). We create a new database and data from theManagements of Medical Examination (GPM) of the Municipal Administration(SMA) and PREVI-RIO. We analyzed these data by SPSS package. We confirm the hypothesis that there are municipal functions most vulnerable to disability. With statistical significance, we affirm that the cooks and nursing assistants are more vulnerable to musculoskeletal diseases and the craftsmen more prone to injuriesdue to external causes (injuries). Highlights the magnitude of the cases ofretirement for psychiatric disorders as primary cause of disability for all positions studied. We developed a table that shows clearly the gender difference regarding morbidity and fosters the development of a preventive agenda. Given the preponderance of females in the series studied, we observed the greatest impact of lost years for public servants...