LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: HUMAN RESOURCE CAPACITY AND TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACISTS IN NIGERIA

Objective: Logistics and supply chain management have received global attention since the early 1980s, but this concept is thought to still be unpopular in Nigeria as very little literature exists on it, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. This paper, therefore set out to investigate the human resource capacity and the needs assessment of pharmacists in Nigeria as regards logistics and supply chain management.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists in Nigeria. A total of 873 pharmacists participated in the study. A well-structured questionnaire was produced, validated, and administered to the registered pharmacists.Results: Out of the 873 retrieved questionnaires, 21 copies were not completely filled and were therefore discarded; hence the 852 completely filled questionnaires were taken as the number of participants in the study. The survey shows that out of the 51.76% pharmacists who have acquired trainings, 18.2% were exposed to supply chain management by virtue of their workplace, while 30.9% were self-trained through conferences and workshops. Also, 98.8% of the respondents were ready to be trained in this emerging field in Nigeria, with only 1.2% declining any interest in supply chain management training.Conclusion: These findings show that there is a low provision for proactive education on supply chain management for pharmacists. However, there is a promising opportunity to introduce such training as the majority of the respondents were receptive to such an innovation. This study may, therefore be useful for policymakers and health professionals to chart the path for the future to ensure adequate and proper delivery of medicines and other health commodities.

A qualitative study on continuing medical education training needs for village doctors in Beijing Huairou district / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To survey the continuing medical education training needs for village doctors in Beijing suburbs.Methods:A qualitative study on the continuing medical education training needs for village doctors was conducted in Beijing Huairou district from March to July 2021. Six township hospital managers, 19 village doctors, 15 village cadres and 30 villagers from 15 villages of 3 townships in the district selected by purposive sampling method attended the face-to-face, individual, in-depth interviews. A semi-structured interview outline was developed based on literature review and expert consultation. The content of the interviews was analyzed by the thematic framework method.Results:Among 19 rural doctors, 11 preferred the full-time training, while 8 were unable to participate in the full-time training. Most of township hospital managers and village doctors thought the ideal form of training was "classroom knowledge teaching teaching" (5/6, 16/19)and "outpatient clerkship"(6/6, 13/19). The training contents for village doctors were basic medical knowledge and skills, including diagnosis and treatment of common diseases, identification of common symptoms and management of chronic diseases; the appropriate techniques of traditional Chinese medicine including acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping and scraping; and public health including epidemic prevention and control, infectious disease detection and reporting.Conclusion:For improving the applicability and practicality of training for village doctors, it is necessary to apply rational training methods and forms, and develop targeted training program and contents based on training needs.

Training needs assessment: Basis for the development of training programs for employees in a public higher institution

Background@#This research assesses the training needs of employees at the University of the Philippines Manila (UPM) to prepare a comprehensive plan and program intervention for the 2023 training calendar.@*Objectives@#This study specifically examines the reaction of the employees to the training program (Level 1), changes in the level of learning (Level 2), and transfer of training in the workplace or behavioral changes (Level 3). This TNA survey is essential to identify skill gaps, set priorities, and tailor training programs suitable to the needs of UPM employees.@*Methodology@#The study employed a quantitative survey method in assessing employees’ needs across different colleges, units, and offices using a training needs assessment (TNA) survey. A total of 382 employees were surveyed regarding their needs to enhance their core, technical, leadership, and job-specific competencies.@*Results@#Results showed that based on the varying degree of necessity, all the training programs in the training needs assessment survey were considered needed by the employees. Twelve training programs were proposed in the 2023 training calendar as a result of this TNA including three programs for improving core competencies, four programs for technical competencies, two programs for leadership competencies, and three programs for job-specific competencies. Specifically, the training focus on Stress Management, Handling Complaints and Grievances, and Safety and Emergency for core competency; Written and Spoken Communication, Google Workspace/Microsoft Office Applications, Data/Records Management for technical competency; Succession Planning and Managing People for leadership competency; and Procurement, Research Skills, and Creative Design Training for job-specific competency.@*Conclusion@#The Training Needs Assessment conducted at the University of the Philippines Manila revealed crucial areas where tailored training programs can play a transformative role in boosting workforce competence and effectiveness. The findings highlight the importance of training in areas such as stress management, decision-making, safety protocols, ethical leadership, and conflict resolution.

Online training needs assessment (TNA) among Municipal Nutrition Action Officers (MNAOs) in the Philippines

@#Introduction: A training needs assessment (TNA) was conducted by the Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI) to design appropriate and relevant trainings for Municipal Nutrition Action Officers (MNAOs). In the Philippines, MNAO is a nutrition officer who serves at the municipal level and is tasked to ensure the localisation of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) in Local Government Units (LGU) to ensure proper implementation of activities on Public Health Nutrition (PHN). Methods: A total of 162 MNAOs in the country answered the online TNA survey conducted from April to May 2023. Results: Based on the results of the TNA survey, there was a need for DOST-FNRI to design and conduct trainings related to the top three core competencies identified by MNAOs: Creating policies and standards related to food and nutrition; advocating legislation, regulation, and nutrition policies; and designing appropriate nutrition information education and communication (IEC) materials. Conclusion: Based on the study results, it is recommended that LGUs allocate funds for capacity building of the public health workforce to create a skilled workforce in the community that will coordinate the formulation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of nutrition plans at the municipal level. For future consideration, curriculum design for professional development in public health nutrition should include core competencies on food and nutrition policy programme, nutrition programme management, and IEC development.

Necessidades Formativas do Professor Frente à Demanda de Alunos da Educação Especial em Classes Comuns / Teacher's Training Needs Towards Special Education Students' Demand in Ordinary Classrooms

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como escopo analisar os avanços da inclusão do público da Educação Especial nas salas de aula comuns da Educação Básica, considerando as necessidades formativas dos docentes nessa área específica. Consiste em um estudo quantiqualitativo, tendo como fontes empíricas microdados da Prova Brasil, edição 2021, mais especificamente os questionários destinados aos docentes do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, os quais estão disponíveis no portal do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep). A extração dessas informações e análise estatística foram realizadas com o auxílio do Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). O resultado da investigação revela que o percentual de matrículas dos alunos com deficiência, transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) e altas habilidades em classes comuns, no Brasil, entre 2013 e 2019, cresceu 7,4%. Aponta, também, que 86,5% dos professores da amostra investigada declararam possuir necessidades formativas de nível moderado a alto. Conclui-se que o público da Educação Especial ainda necessita travar muitos embates em prol de uma escola mais justa e inclusiva para todos, o que implica batalhar para que os princípios de igualdade e equidade se materializem tanto no campo real quanto no campo ideal.

ABSTRACT: This study focused on analyzing the inclusive advances for the population of Special Education in ordinary classrooms in Basic Education, considering teachers' training need in this specific area. It consists of a quantitative and qualitative approach study, using as empirical sources microdata from Prova Brasil, 2021 edition, more specifically the questionnaires applied to teachers of the 5th grade of Elementary School, which are available on the webpage of the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP). The extraction of this information and statistical analysis were carried out with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result of the investigation reveals that the percentage of enrollments for students with disabilities, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and giftedness in ordinary classrooms, in Brazil, between 2013 and 2019, rose 7.4%. It also points out that 86.5% of the teachers in the investigated sample declared that they had moderate to high training needs. It was concluded that the population of Special Education still needs to face some issues in favor of a fairer and more inclusive school to everyone, which implies fighting so that the principles of equality and equity materialize both in the real field and in the ideal field.

Necesidades de formación de las personas editoras de la Universidad de Costa Rica

El crecimiento de la necesidad de información veraz ha llevado a que las revistas científicas se posicionen como medios de información confiables; lo cual hace que se requiera una necesidad de la profesionalización de esta labor que garantice la confiablidad y rigurosidad de las mismas. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue identificar las necesidades de formación de profesionales a cargo de la gestión editorial de las revistas científicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica. La investigación se realizó desde enero del 2019 hasta junio del 2020, por medio de un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, con técnicas de recolección de este mismo enfoque. Se entrevistaron a las personas editoras y directoras de las principales revistas posicionadas en los primeros diez lugares del ranking UCR índex (a la fecha 4 de noviembre del 2019), se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas relacionadas a la identificación de actitudes, habilidades, conocimientos, necesidades de formación y el contexto en el que se desarrollan, estas representan las categorías de análisis utilizadas para el procesamiento de información. Entre los resultados se destacaron necesidades de formación en temáticas afines a los procesos administrativos relacionados con revistas, fundamentos de la gestión editorial, herramientas tecnológicas y el posicionamiento de las revistas; además se evidenciaron las cortas jornadas laborales que poseen los editores de revistas UCR. Se concluye que es imperativo que la UCR atienda estas necesidades de formación, además de fortalecer estos medios de divulgación del conocimiento y que se analice la oportunidad de ofrecer un programa de formación continua o bien una especialidad en gestión editorial.

The growth of the need for reliable information has led scientific journals to position themselves as reliable information media, which entails a need for the professionalization of this work that guarantees the reliability and rigor of this. The objective of this manuscript was to identify the training needs of the professionals in charge of the editorial management of the scientific journals of the University of Costa Rica. The research was carried out from January 2019 to June 2020, through a descriptive qualitative approach, with qualitative collection techniques. The editors and directors of the main journals positioned in the first ten places of the UCR index ranking (November 4th, 2019) were interviewed, a semi-structured interview was used with questions related to the identification of attitudes, skills, knowledge, training needs and the context in which they are developed, these represent the categories of analysis used for the processing of information. The main results shows that, training needs in topics related to the processes were highlighted, administrative issues related to journals, fundamentals of editorial management, technological tools and the positioning of journals; in addition, the short working hours that the editors of UCR magazines have were evidenced. It is concluded that it is imperative that the UCR meets these training needs, in addition to strengthening these means of disseminating knowledge and that the opportunity to offer a continuous training program or a specialty in editorial management be analyzed.

The status quo and demand analysis of multi-level pre-job training for clinical nursing teachers / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the status quo of multi-level pre-job training for clinical nursing teachers and analyze their training needs, so as to provide reference for the design of pre-job training for clinical nursing teachers.Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate 172 clinical nursing teachers in a tertiary general hospital in Harbin from April 2020 to June 2020 with multi-level pre-job training mode. The status quo of pre-job training and the training needs of teachers were analyzed. SPSS 17.0 was used to process the original data statistically.Results:Among the 172 respondents, 138 teachers (80.2%) were under 35 years old, and 133 teachers (77.3%) had a bachelor's degree or less; 89 teachers (51.7%) confirmed that hospitals or departments would carry out pre-job training in a planned and organized way, 10 teachers (5.8%) said that hospitals or departments had never organized training, 41 teachers (23.8%) had never participated in pre-job training, and 80 teachers (46.5%) had participated in pre-job training 1-3 times. There were 5 duplicates in the first 8 training contents of in-hospital training and in-department training, including knowledge of common diseases, nursing procedures, communication skills, hospital rules and regulations, and teaching methods. The total score of training demand was (154.51± 40.35) points, and the overall demand rate was 81.3%, which was at the high level. The dimensions with the highest scoring rate were legal system and humanistic literacy, with a scoring rate of 83.0%. The dimension with the lowest score was teaching management, with a score of 74.9%. The scoring rate of training needs with the highest points won nine items respectively on students' basic quality (self-supervision, willingness to learn, professional quality, etc.) (84.7%), training of legal knowledge (84.4%), incompatibility of drugs commonly used in department (84.3%), nurse etiquette (83.3%), nursing risk prevention (83.1%), evaluation methods of student education (83.1%), nurse-patient communication skills (83.0%), nurses and patients medication observation points of commonly used drugs in the department (83.0%), and effects of commonly used drugs in department (82.9%). Among the top three training forms, 84 students (48.8%) received online learning, 74 students (43.0%) received lectures from experienced teachers in hospitals, and 72 students (41.9%) received experience exchange and sharing seminars.Conclusion:The talent structure of clinical nursing teachers in this hospital is relatively young, and the first education level is low. Therefore, the pre-job training of clinical nursing teachers should be strengthened vigorously. The awareness rate and participation rate of pre-job training are average, so we should strengthen the release of training information from various channels, improve the awareness rate of training activities, clarify the encouragement or reward measures to participate in pre-job training activities, and improve the participation rate of training activities. Pre-job training content is repeated at every level, with a gap between the training needs of teachers in clinical nursing teaching. It's suggested that the teaching hospitals combine with their training objects of training needs, take the online-offline mixed mode of training, reasonably plan training contents as a whole at all levels, avoid training content repetition and waste of teachers, and organize teachers to timely exchange and share experiences.

Survey on the training needs of general practitioners in the context of public health emergency / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To survey on the training needs of general practitioners (GPs) in the context of public health emergency.Methods:A questionnaire was developed through literature review and interviews with health department leaders, administrators and GPs in grassroots health institutions as well as experts in the field. The contents of questionnaire included the basic information, perception of epidemic impact, knowledge and skills to learn, and the preferred training contents related to public health emergency. The questionnaire survey was conducted among 430 GPs from 44 grass-roots institutions of 6 cities/districts in Suzhou selected by multi-stage convenient sampling method from April to May 2022. Kano model was used to analyze the needs and preferences of general practitioners for training contents related to the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.Results:A total of 391 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 90.93%. More than half of respondents hoped to learn about the general diagnosis and treatment, first aid, and emergency management of common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as common community emergencies through training. In the training contents domains, special training for COVID-19 prevention and control was necessary; knowledge and practical skills were expected as the basic training needs; research and teaching ability and self-regulation ability were training needs of charm attributes; and professional quality, doctor-patient communication, and management ability were all training needs of no difference attributes.Conclusion:In the context of public health emergency, the specialized training of epidemic prevention and control is prioritized for GPs, the training of knowledge and practical skills, research and teaching abilities and self-regulation abilities are also needed.

Investigation on status quo and needs of pharmaceutical training among general practice faculty / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the current situation and needs of pharmaceutical training for general practice faculty.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted in April 2019. The participants were general practice faculty attending the national training course in Zhongshan Hospital and selected by convenience sampling method.Results:A total of 219 general practice teachers participated in the survey, 51.14% (112/219) of the participants thought that the current pharmaceutical knowledge did not meet the needs of pharmaceutical services in daily work, and 67.58% (148/219) attended pharmacy related training every year, and the frequency was mainly 1—2 times per year (56.62%, 124/219). The main reasons for attending the training were working needs (68.24%, 101/148) and willingness (55.41%, 82/148); 63.51% (94/148) of the participants thought that the training was moderate or less effective, mainly because of the weak strength of trainers (40.54%, 60/148), insufficient attention paid by trainers (37.16%, 55/148) and lack of depth (37.16%, 55/148). The survey showed that 76.26% (167/219) of general practice teachers had pharmaceutical training needs; and gender, working years and working experience in secondary and/or tertiary hospitals were influencing factors for pharmaceutical training needs. And female faculty, those working less than 10 years and with working experience in secondary hospitals had higher demand for pharmaceutical training. The expected pharmaceutical training focused primarily on the selection and optimization of medication schemes (72.60%, 159/219), interaction/incompatibility between medicines (62.10%, 136/219) and pharmaceutical care in medical treatment (57.08%, 125/219). The expected training methods were mainly interactive case analysis and discussion (69.41%, 152/219) through the internet or APP (such as WeChat) (54.34%, 119/219); the expected training frequency was no more than once in two months (36.07%, 79/219), better in working time (48.86%, 107/219) and each session was 30—45 minutes (38.36%, 84/219).Conclusion:General practice faculty has a high demand for pharmaceutical training. Targeted, individualized and systematic pharmaceutical training courses should be developed according to the pharmaceutical training needs of participants.

Analysis of standardized training needs of new nurses in Yunnan Province / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the standardized training needs of new nurses in Yunnan province and provide scientific basis for the formulation of standardized training programs for new nurses.Methods:From December 2019 to September 2020, nurses from all 5 provincial tertiary Class A hospitals in Yunnan Province were selected as the research objects. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 712 nurses selected by the convenience sampling method, among which 456 were new nurses and 256 were senior nurses. The questionnaire was designed by the research team based on the Training Outline for Newly Recruited Nurses, which mainly included three dimensions of knowledge, skills and attitude.Results:The total score of new nurses and senior nurses on standardized training requirements for new nurses were (575.32 ± 85.76) points and (583.16 ± 86.32) points, which were above the average level. There was no statistically significant difference between the scores of training theme needs of new nurses and those of senior nurses ( t value was -1.168, P>0.05). Conclusions:The total score of standardized training needs of new nurses is above the average level, and the demand for knowledge dimension in standardized training of new nurses is the strongest. It is suggested to develop a systematic and scientific standardized training plan for new nurses according to the training needs and training methods.

Motivos para a escolha da profissão, necessidades de formação e aspirações profissionais de professores de Educação Física / Reasons for the career choice, training needs and professional aspirations of Physical Education teachers / Razones para elegir la profesión, necesidades de formación y aspiraciones profesionales de profesores de Educación Física

Este artigo objetiva apresentar o processo de caracterização de professores de Educação Física em busca de referenciais para o desenho da formação continuada. Partiu-se da análise dos motivos para a escolha da profissão, da percepção de necessidades de formaçãoe das aspirações profissionais. Participaram 14 professores de um município do interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos pela aplicação de questionário e submetidos à construção de categorias analíticas. Os resultados demonstram: os motivos para a escolha da profissão foram majoritariamente sustentados por valores intrínsecos, representativos dos traços da personalidade; a percepção de necessidades de formação enfatiza as dificuldades, sobretudo, em demandas da prática pedagógica; as aspirações profissionais indicam direções para o fortalecimento da identidade da disciplina. Mediante os processos de historicidade pessoal e profissional inerentes à análise, as recomendações se dão no sentido de explorar os contextos de vida e de profissão dos professores para proposição de ações de formação contextualizadas e diferenciadas.

This article aims to show the Physical education's teachers characterization process towards for references the continuing education. That is understand able from the analysis of the reasons for choosing the career, the perception of training needs and the professional aspirations. The 14 participants were teachers of Physical Education from São Paulo states, Brazil. The data were collected from questionnaires and processed in analysis categories. The results show: the reasons for the career choice were mostly based on intrinsic values, which represent the personality traits; the perception of the training needs are based on their difficulties, mainly the ones related to their teaching practice; the professional aspirations indicate directions for the empowerment of the subject's identity. With the process of the personal and the professional historicity, the recommendations indicated that is necessary to explore the contexts of teacher's life and career to offer contextualized and differentiated continuing education ways.

Este artículo objetiva presentar el proceso de caracterización de los maestros de Educación Física en busca de referencias hacia el diseño de la educación continua. Partió del análisis de los motivos para elegir la profesión, la percepción de las necesidades de formación y las aspiraciones profesionales. Participaron 14 maestros de un municipio del interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos advindo de la aplicación de un cuestionario se presentaron con construcción de categorías analíticas. Los resultados muestran: las razones para elegir la profesión están basadas principalmente en los valores intrínsecos, representativos de los rasgos de personalidad; la percepción de las necesidades de formación enfatiza las dificultades, sobre todo, en las demandas de la práctica pedagógica; Las aspiraciones profesionales indican direcciones para fortalecer la identidad de la disciplina. Por médio de los procesos de historicidad personal y profesional intrínsecos al análisis, se dan las recomendaciones para explorar los contextos de la vida y la profesión de los maestros para proponer acciones formativas contextualizadas y diferenciadas.

Status Quo of Pharmaceutical Care and Training Needs Research of Primary Pharmaceutical Staff Based on 9 Provinces(Regions,Cities)Investigation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for exploring the way to improve the ability of pharmaceutical care in primary pharmaceutical staff. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was conducted among pharmaceutical staff(including head of pharmacy department),director/vice-director of hospital in charge of pharmacy,medical staff and patients from primary medical institutions in 9 provinces(regions,cities). The results of investigation were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:A total of 77 primary medical institutions involved in the survey. Totally of 2 273 questionnaires were sent out,and 2 248 effective questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 98.9%. Among effective questionnaires,278 questionnaires were filled out by pharmaceutical staff (68 by head of pharmacy department),48 by director/vice-director of hospital in charge of pharmacy,771 by medical staff and 1 151 by patients. Results of survey showed that only 140 pharmaceutical staff had obtained pharmacy practice qualification,accounting for 50.4%. The surveyed primary medical institutions provided limited pharmaceutical care projects,and the projects with high proportion were medication explanation(85.7%)and medication consultation(84.4%). The establishment of Health Service Record Card in elderly patients(19.5%),the development of chronic disease management(23.4%)and the development of chronic disease related pharmaceutical knowledge publicity at the primary level(37.7%)took up low proportion relatively. Overall satisfaction of surveyed medical staff to pharmaceutical care of pharmaceutical staff was general(77.2%). Surveyed patients greatly satisfied with the attitude of pharmaceutical staff(85.5%)but overall satisfaction of them to professional knowledge of pharmaceutical staff(78.2%)was general. Surveyed pharmaceutical staff training needs in descending order were medication explanation(74.5%),medication counseling(71.9%)and providing pharmaceutical information(64.0%). However,the projects which had low proportion of training needs included chronic disease management(22.3%)and lifestyle guidance (27.0%),etc. The more favorite training forms in descending order were further study in medical institution at higher level(65.4%),expert lectures(60.1%)and training in the training base (57.9%). CONCLUSIONS:The primary medical institutions provided limited pharmaceutical care. It is necessary to further explore and standardize pharmaceutical care criteria. The overall satisfaction of medical staff and patients on pharmaceutical care of pharmaceutical staff is not high in primary institutions,and it needs to be further improved. The related pharmacy training for primary pharmaceutical staff still needs to be strengthened,and can be conducted according to the favorite form of training so as to improve the ability of pharmaceutical care.

Continuing education of physical education teachers and self-assessment of the teaching domain

AIMS: to diagnose continuing education initiatives and training needs of physical education teachers. The frequency, limitations and alternatives to continuing education were characterized and self-assessment areas of knowledge essential to teaching were analyzed. METHODS: Data were obtained from 18 beginning teachers, using the Professional Career Characterization Questionnaire, an inventory of needs and characterization of continuing training and self-assessment of skills in areas of knowledge essential to teaching. Qualitative data were systematized and quantitative data analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Teachers performed 78 continuing training activities over the last four years, 43 in the technical area of physical education and 28 in school-based Physical Education. The most attended subjects were short-duration and graduate courses. The main limitations identified were the financial and time constraints to training. Self-assessment of the teaching areas was deemed to be sufficient, indicating a margin for new learning. CONCLUSION: The teachers showed commitment to their training, with a focus on teaching and awareness of its importance in professional development.(AU)

Measuring the relationship between career, guidance, and adults' training needs: Analysis and assessment of responsibility / Evaluación de la relación entre carrera, orientación y necesidades en adultos: Análisis y evaluación de resultados desde la perspectiva de la responsabilidad social

The aim of this paper was to analyze the training needs and career guidance, as well as the guidance received in the adult population in the Spanish region of Castile and Leon. This work is part of the R & D project " The orientation of the vital and professional project in adulthood: Needs analysis, assessment of employment services and identification of best practices ". Currently, the importance of vocational dimension in personal and social welfare is now recognized. The sample consisted of 375 subjects, mostly unemployed or in a position to improve their employment situation. Through the SPSS version 20 program, data corresponding to the descriptive statistics were obtained, as well as reliability values obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the correlation analysis, and the ANOVA findings. The results showed a positive relationship between the satisfaction with the career followed and the content of training. In addition, it was found that the importance of training content fits the profile of the participants in the training process. Subjects with a lower level of studies showed significant differences in training needs in relation to subjects with higher education

En este trabajo se analizan las necesidades de formación y orientación de la carrera, así como la orientación recibida en la población adulta en la región española de Castilla y León. Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto I+D titulado "La orientación del proyecto vital y profesional en la edad adulta: Análisis de necesidades, valoración de servicios para el empleo e identificación de buenas prácticas". Actualmente se reconoce la importancia de la dimensión profesional en el bienestar personal y social. Participaron 375 sujetos, mayoritariamente en paro o bien en situación de mejora de su situación laboral. Mediante la aplicación del programa SPSS versión 20, se obtuvieron datos correspondientes a los estadísticos descriptivos, los valores de fiabilidad obtenidos mediante el coeficiente alpha de Cronbach, así como los análisis de correlaciones y ANOVA. Los resultados mostraron una relación positiva entre la satisfacción con la carrera seguida y el contenido de la formación. Además, se encontró que la importancia del contenido de la formación encaja con el perfil de los participantes en el proceso formativo. Los sujetos con un nivel de estudios más bajo mostraron diferencias significativas en las necesidades de formación en relación con los sujetos con estudios superiores.

Investigation and Study of Training Needs of Basic (County and Township) Food and Drug Supervision Personnel / 中国药师

Objective:To understand the training needs of basic food and drug supervision personnel to provide guidance for the future textbook compiling and training. Methods:The work, training and learning needs of basic food and drug supervision personnel were investigated using the questionnaire survey in the director of the county bureau. Results:The difference in the professional back-ground among the supervision persons and the training were significant in different areas. Conclusion: By strengthening training and textbook construction, the ability of basic food and drug supervision personnel can be enhanced and the supervision and regulation level can be improved as well.

Training needs of the health emergency professionals in centers for disease control and prevention / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the training needs of health emergency professionals in centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) ,and to provide evidence for making training plan .Methods Totally 66 health emergency professionals who par‐ticipated in health emergency training class of CDC were surveyed with questionnaires in July ,2014 .The items included training content ,mode ,time ,teachers ,assessment forms and graduation way .Results Forty one persons (62 .12% of all subjects) selected health emergency disposal of all kinds of emergencies as the training contents ,and case analysis as the training mode .There were no statistical significances for the differences of the proportions of the professional staffs between different genders ,education levels ,ti‐tles ,categories and agencies (P>0 .05) .52 persons (78 .79% ) considered that training frequency of 1-2 times per year was appro‐priate ,and 53 persons (80 .30% ) considered that the most appropriate duration for each training was 2 -3 days .Domestic experts as a training teacher had the highest proportion (56 .06% ) ,followed by health emergency management cadres (34 .85% ) ,and foreign experts (6 .06% ) .The proportion of selecting university professor as a training teacher was lowest (3 .03% ) .71 .21% (47 persons) selected analog dealing with practical problems as assessment form ,and 71 .21% (47 persons) selected granting credits as graduation way .Gender and agencies were two important influencing factors for selecting different graduation ways (P< 0 .05) . Conclusion Training program of health emergency should be made according to the training needs .Appropriate training content and form should be selected in order to improve the quality and effectiveness of training ,and to improve the ability of the health e‐mergency professionals .

Investigate the scientific research ability and training needs of the 62 new posts of medical undergraduates / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To investigate the scientific research ability and training needs of the new posts of medical undergraduates for better training them.Methods A total of 62 new posts of medical undergraduates from a level-two general hospital in China were recruited by questionnaire survey.Resuits the scientific research ability of the new posts of medical undergraduates is poor,so it is very necessary for their in-service training,93.5~ of them have interest in scientific research and hope to get the training,especially want to take part in the practical activity.Conclusions It is not better that the scientific research ability of the new posts of medical undergraduates,so as early as possible to give the scientific research skill training to them.

The training needs analysis and improvement strategies of general practitioners' communica-tion skills / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To point out the weak link of general medical education and explore the training mode and evaluation mechanism for communication. Methods Totally 100 general practi-tioners from four Shanghai hospitals took a questionnaire survey to know the present situation and the training needs of doctor-patient communication skills. Results Among all the subjects, there were 73%who thought strengthening the doctor communication ability was the key to improving the doctor-patient relationship, 71%who chose doctor-patient communication practice course as the training con-tent, 78%who tended to personalized analysis and guide, 57%who accepted experienced GP in class. Conclusion For GPS communication skills training requirements, curriculum integration, clinical practice teaching should be strengthened to set up the corresponding training evaluation system.

Avaliação de necessidades de treinamento como preditora do impacto do treinamento no trabalho / Training needs assessment as a predictor of the impact of training at work

O avanço tecnológico e o incremento da educação a distância ampliaram o potencial de alcance das ações de treinamento, aumentando a preocupação com a avaliação de resultados. Este estudo avaliou a primeira ação de capacitação da Rede de Colaboração e Aprendizagem das Instituições Federais de Ensino, pesquisando 685 participantes que responderam questionários antes e depois do curso Qualidade no Atendimento. Os instrumentos aplicados foram quatro escalas tipo Likert, a saber: expectativas, instrumentalidade, percepção de importância e percepção de domínio. A análise fatorial indicou bons indicadores psicométricos para todas as escalas. Foi calculado o Índice de Necessidade de Treinamento a partir do método que leva em conta os escores das escalas de importância das competências a serem desenvolvidas durante o curso avaliado e a escala de domínio prévio de tais competências. A análise de regressão mostrou que os aspectos da qualidade de atendimento encontrados na avaliação de necessidades de treinamento ANT, a instrumentalidade e a expectativa de melhoria de desempenho no atendimento explicaram 13% do impacto do treinamento em profundidade. Esses resultados permitem discutir o quanto a avaliação de necessidades de treinamento precisa ser realizada com um olhar que vá além do individual, considerando grupos, equipes e indicadores organizacionais...

With technological advances and the increase of distance education, training activities have increased their potential range, raising concern about the evaluation of their results. This study evaluated the first action of a Learning Collaboration Network of Federal Universities. The sample consisted of 685 participants who completed questionnaires before and after the Quality Service course. Four Likert scales were used: a) Expectations, b) Instrumentality, c) Perceived importance, and d) Perceived mastery. Factor analysis yielded good psychometric indicators for all scales. We calculated the Index of Training Needs using a formula that included the scores from the scale of importance of the skills being developed in the course and the scale of prior mastery of these skills. Regression analysis showed that the aspects of quality of service found in Training Needs Analysis (TNA), instrumentality, and expectation of improved service performance explained 13% of the impact of training in depth. These results allow us to discuss how TNA should be carried out with a vision that goes beyond the individual, considering groups, teams, and organizational indicators...

Necessidades de formação para o exercício profissional na perspectiva do treinador de Futebol em função da sua experiência e nível de formação / Training needs for professional practice in the perspective of the football coach according to its experience and level of education

O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu no reconhecimento das necessidades de formação das competências profissionais de treinadores de Futebol em função dos anos de experiência profissional e da formação federativa. A amostra foi constituída por 81 treinadores portugueses. A recolha dos dados foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário após validação de construção e de conteúdo. Como procedimentos estatísticos, recorremos ao teste paramétrico One-Way ANOVA para a comparação entre dois grupos e para mais de dois grupos foram estimados os Post-Hocs com recurso ao teste de Tukey. Os resultados mostraram que os treinadores com formação federativa mais elevada, níveis II e III, reconhecem menores necessidades de formação que os treinadores sem formação nas áreas do Treino, Competição e Papel de Formador. Por sua vez, os treinadores mais experientes reconheceram menores necessidades de formação nos domínios do Treino, da Gestão Desportiva e do Papel de Formador em relação aos menos experientes.

The aim of the present study consisted in the recognition of Football coaches’ perceptions of training needs related to the professional competences according to their experience and level of certification, as coach. A sample of 81 Portuguese coaches answered a questionnaire applied after its construction and content validation. The statistical procedure used was One-Way ANOVA to make comparison between two groups and the Tukey' test for post-hoc comparisons. The results showed that the coaches with the highest level of certification, levels II and III, recognized lower training needs than coaches without certification in the areas of Training, Competition and Coach Education. Moreover, the more experienced coaches recognized, also, lower training needs than less experienced coaches in the areas of Training, Sport Management and Coach Education.