Application of HIV prevention information transmission model in prevention of high-risk sexual behavior among men who have sex with men / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the effect of HIV prevention information transmission model in the prevention of high-risk sexual behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM).@*METHODS@#To establish the HIV "expert-key informant-MSM" preventive information transmission model and to intervene the MSM high-risk sexual behavior. Before and 3 months after the intervention, MSM was measured by general information questionnaire, AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior questionnaire, MSM Health Belief Scale for HIV Prevention, and Safe Sexual Self-efficacy Scale.@*RESULTS@#AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior scores in MSM after the intervention were significantly higher than those before the intervention (=-13.047, <0.001); the scores of health belief before and after the intervention were significantly higher (=-3.272, =0.001); condom use in MSM after the intervention was more common than that before the intervention (<0.05), except for commercial sex.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of HIV prevention information transmission model can effectively improve AIDS-related knowledge, HIV prevention health beliefs, condom use rate of MSM population, and in turn promote the transformation of their high-risk sexual behavior.

Estimating the burden of dengue in the Philippines using a dynamic transmission model

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> This study aimed to describe dengue burden in the Philippines. Specifically, health and economic costs of the disease were estimated.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>METHODS:</b> A published serotype-specific and age-stratified dengue dynamic transmission model was populated with Philippine-specific dengue epidemiology and cost data. Data were gathered from literature and record reviews. Dengue experts were consulted to validate the model parameters. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the uncertainty of input parameters on model outcomes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> By 2016 to 2020, it is estimated that annually, average hospitalized cases will amount to 401,191 and ambulatory cases will amount to 239,497; resulting to USD 139 million (PhP 5.9 billion) and USD 19 million (PhP 827 million) worth of aggregate costs shouldered by the public payer for hospitalized and ambulatory cases, respectively. Average annual productivity losses may amount to USD 19 million (PhP 821 million) and DALY lost is expected to be 50,622.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The cost of dengue is high especially since the Philippines is an endemic country. Thus, there is a need to optimize government interventions such as vector control and vaccination that aim to prevent dengue infections.</p>

Cost-effectiveness of dengue vaccination in Brazil / Custo-efetividade da vacinação contra dengue no Brasil

Objective: To define the economic value of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in Brazil by estimating the cost-effectiveness vaccine price threshold per dose. Methods: A dengue dynamic transmission model was used to estimate the public health impact of dengue vaccination and related economic parameters. Two vaccination strategies were assessed: routine vaccination at 9 years old plus either a catch-up campaign of 7 cohorts (10 to 16 years old; R9&10-16) or 16 cohorts (10 to 25 years old; R9&10-25). Brazilian-specific demographic, epidemiological and economic data were used. The economic impact over 10 years was estimated from the public payer and societal perspectives. All costs were expressed in BRL2016. Results: Over 10 years, the R9&10-16 and R9&10-25 vaccination strategies would prevent 9 million and 15 million dengue cases, respectively, avoiding 269,906 (95% CI: 410,097­154,653) and 434,334 (95% CI: 547,052­304,799) disability-adjusted life years. This would result in savings of up to BRL7.4 billion (US$2.1 billion) from a societal perspective with the larger vaccination program. The cost-effective vaccine price threshold per dose for the R9&10-16 and R9&10-25 strategies would be BRL187.5 (95% CI: 109­276) (US$52.1) and BRL183.6 (95% CI: 129­230) (US$51.0), respectively, from the public payer perspective, and BRL221.5 (95% CI: 129­326) (US$61.5) and BRL216.8 (95% CI: 153­271) (US$60.2), respectively, from the societal perspective. Conclusion: The high threshold of vaccine price per dose demonstrates the significant economic value of dengue vaccination in Brazil, even for a large program with 16 catch-up cohorts.

Objetivo: Definir o valor econômico da vacina tetravalente contra dengue no Brasil por meio da estimativa do limiar de preço custo-efetivo por dose. Métodos: Um modelo dinâmico de transmissão foi utilizado para estimar o impacto em saúde pública da vacinação contra dengue e os parâmetros econômicos relacionados. A análise avaliou duas estratégias de vacinação: rotina aos 9 anos, mais campanha de vacinação com 7 coortes (10 a 16 anos; R9&10-16) ou 16 coortes (10 a 25 anos; R9&10-25). Foram utilizados dados demográficos, epidemiológicos e econômicos específicos para o Brasil. O impacto econômico foi estimado em 10 anos sob a perspectiva do pagador público e da sociedade. Todos os custos foram expressos em BRL2016. Resultados: Em 10 anos, as estratégias de vacinação R9&10-16 e R9&10-25 preveniriam 9 milhões e 15 milhões de casos de dengue, respectivamente, evitando 269,906 (95% CI: 410,097­154,653) e 434,334 (95% CI: 547,052­304,799) anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade. Isso resultaria em uma economia de até BRL7,4 bilhões (US$2,1 bilhões) sob a perspectiva da sociedade com o maior programa de vacinação. O limiar de preço custo-efetivo por dose para as estratégias R9&10-16 e R9&10-25 seria BRL187,5 (95% CI: 109­276) (US$52,1) e BRL183,6 (95% CI: 129­230) (US$51,0), respectivamente, sob a perspectiva do público pagador, e BRL221,5 (95% CI: 129­326) (US$61,5) e BRL216,8 (95% CI: 153­271) (US$60,2), respectivamente, sob a perspectiva da sociedade. Conclusão: Os altos limiares de preço custo-efetivo por dose demonstram o significativo valor econômico da vacinação contra dengue no Brasil, mesmo para um programa amplo com campanha com 16 coortes.

Method Study of Propagation about Rational Drug Use in Obstetrics and Gynecology by Clinical Pharmacists / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: Through the public platform of WeChat, promote the practice of obstetrics and gynecology medication, research the spreading methods of information and put forward feasible proposal for the propaganda of rational medication. METHODS: Promote the rational drug use information of obstetrics and gynecology by established WeChat platform. Analyze our hospital by the condition of WeChat platform. RESULTS: Up to March 2017, the totality of users who followed our WeChat public platform reached to 1 113 and the totality of readership reached to 71 461. CONCLUSION: S Promote rational medication by WeChat platform. Adjust the content of the information to be promoted by data analysis. We can provide better service to the people in the information age with effective transmission.

Analysis on the characteristics and risk exposure of online medical information transmission / 中华医院管理杂志

By means of literature review, theoretical analysis and analogy analysis, the authors analyzed the characteristics and risk exposure of online medical information transmission. According to whether the sender has a clear intention or target and whether the receiver intends to search,the transmission models of such information fall into four types: "clear-active", "unclear-active", "unclear-passive", and"clear-passive". The characteristics of online medical information transmission include the complexity of multiple dimensions and multiple levels, multiple sources of information, multiple directions and media of transmission, and the rapid development of mobile internet medical information technology. The risk exposure of online medical information transmission can be classified into three categories: the risk of information dissemination source, that of transmission process and that of receiver′s individual behavior. Transmission risks mostly come from quality gaps of information dissemination sources, uncontrollable transmission paths, numerous influencing factors, difficulties in information screening and poor regulating systems.

A framework for computational epidemiology / 军事医学

Computational epidemiology is a fast-developing and interdisciplinary research area .Through comprehensive computation-analysis of multi-uncertain factors affecting the epidemic process , this method may add to our knowledge about epidemic patterns and help design reasonable response plans and emergency strategies .This article briefly summarizes the idea and theory of computational epidemiology based on related researches in the recent years , introduces the application of this method in case of smallpox bioterrorism and influenza pandemic , and predicts the development of this area .

Numerical Analysis of Hypothermia Effects in the Head and Neck by a New Model / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To develop a new vascular heat transfer model in the neck to analyze temperature field affected by vertebral artery. Methods With numerical simulation based on the experimental dimension data, a new model along the axial temperature distributions of blood vessels of neck was established as neck surface under normal temperature condition and during hypothermia therapy. In addition, the results were compared with those based on conventional models without vertebral arteries considered. Results It was showed that vertebral arteries played an essential role in the process of transporting blood to the brain, and it was more effective to cool the vertebral arterial blood than any other major cervical arteries in order to cool the blood before entering the Circle of Willis. Conclusion All the results obtained in this study may offer some theoretical supports to the medical proposal to cool down the brain by hypothermia therapy, for example, by covering the head and neck with ice helmet.