Neuropharmacological and anxiolytic effects of extracts of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima on mice / Efecto neurofarmacológico y ansiolítico de extractos de Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima en ratones

Anxiety and depression cause alterations in the physiology of an organism. Extracts from the leaves of several Passiflora species are traditionally use d Peru and in many countries as anxiolytic and in treatment for inflammatory problems. T his study aimed to determine the neuropharmacological effect of the ethanolic extract of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm - Niels. & P. Jørg. and its an xiolytic effect on mouse ( Mus musculus var. albinus ). A nxiety was evaluated with the marble burying test and the depressant effect with the Irwin test (locomotor activity, base of support, wobbly gait, immobility, escape, ease of handling, muscular strengt h, tight rope, inclined plane, catatonia, nociceptive reflex and death). Doses of 100 mg/Kg/body weight and 200 mg/kg/body weight by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) significantly decreased anxiety levels (p<0.05) in mice, and had a non - significant depressant effect in 11 of the 12 tests, showing a similar direction of correlation between diazepam and Passiflora extract effect. A greater anxiolytic and anti - depressant effects in mice was observed with the extract dose of 200 mg/kg/body weight with neuropharmaco logical manifestations found where no death was observed at any dose used.

L a ansiedad y la depresión provocan alteraciones fisiológicas. Las especies de Pa ssiflora se utilizan tradicionalmente en Perú como ansiolíticos y para tratar problemas inflamatorios. D eterminar el efecto neurofarmacológico del extracto etanólico de Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm - Niels. & P. Jørg. y su efecto ansiol ítico en ratones. S e evaluó la ansiedad con el test de enterramiento de canicas y el efecto depresor con el test de Irwin . Las dosis de 100 mg/kg/peso corporal y 200 mg/kg/peso corporal por vía intraperitoneal (i.p.) disminuyeron significativamente la ansi edad ( p <0,05) con efecto depresor no significativo en 11 de las 12 pruebas, mostrando una correlación similar entre el diazepam aplicado a dosis de 1 mg/Kg/p.c. (i.p) y el efecto de Passiflora . S e observó un mayor efecto ansiolítico y antidepresivo en rato nes con 200 mg/kg/peso corporal encontrándose manifestaciones neurofarmacológicas pero no se observó muerte a ninguna de las dosis empleadas.

Research progress of tripartite motif-containing protein 28 in tumors / 中国医师杂志

Tripartite motif-containing protein 28 is a kind of macromolecular protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase, which belongs to an important member of the TRIM protein family. As a new molecular biomarker, it has attracted wide attention. TRIM28 is highly expressed in many kinds of malignant tumors, which is closely related to clinicopathological features, and is also involved in biological behaviors such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of tumor cells. TRIM28 may be a potential marker and therapeutic target for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. This study reviews the structure and biological function of TRIM28, its relationship with malignant tumors and the molecular mechanism of signal transduction pathway.

Mechanism of Transcription Factor SP1 Regulates Expression of Tripartite Motif-containing Protein 7 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Tripartite motif containing protein 7 (TRIM7), as a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM family, plays an important regulatory role in immune regulation, metabolism and other physiological processes. The aberrant expression of TRIM7 is closely related to the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and it shows a complex regulatory role. However, the regulatory mechanism for the expression of TRIM7 in HCC remains unknown. In this study, multiple online databases were used to analyze the expression of TRIM7 in HCC and data indicated that TRIM7 expression was upregulated in HCC and correlated to poor prognosis. Subsequently, the transcription factor binding sites in the TRIM7 promoter region were analyzed using UCSC and JASPAR databases, and the results showed that TRIM7 promoter contains four SP1 binding sites. In this work, we demonstrated that SP1 could directly bind to its binding sites in TRIM7 promoter and positively regulate the transcriptional activity driven by the TRIM7 promoter using dual luciferase reporter experiments and the ChIP-PCR method. Moreover, our results also showed SP1 overexpression upregulated the expression of TRIM7 at both mRNA and protein levels (P<0. 01),and SP1 inhibitor, mithramycin A, could reverse the activated effect of SP1 on TRIM7 expression (P<0. 01). In conclusion, this study preliminarily reveals the regulatory mechanism of TRIM7 upregulation in HCC, which provides an important theoretical basis for further study of the gene function, early diagnosis and targeted therapy.

MAGED4B Promotes Glioma Progression via Inactivation of the TNF-α-induced Apoptotic Pathway by Down-regulating TRIM27 Expression / 神经科学通报·英文版

MAGED4B belongs to the melanoma-associated antigen family; originally found in melanoma, it is expressed in various types of cancer, and is especially enriched in glioblastoma. However, the functional role and molecular mechanisms of MAGED4B in glioma are still unclear. In this study, we found that the MAGED4B level was higher in glioma tissue than that in non-cancer tissue, and the level was positively correlated with glioma grade, tumor diameter, Ki-67 level, and patient age. The patients with higher levels had a worse prognosis than those with lower MAGED4B levels. In glioma cells, MAGED4B overexpression promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as decreasing apoptosis and the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and temozolomide. On the contrary, MAGED4B knockdown in glioma cells inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as increasing apoptosis and the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and temozolomide. MAGED4B knockdown also inhibited the growth of gliomas implanted into the rat brain. The interaction between MAGED4B and tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27) in glioma cells was detected by co-immunoprecipitation assay, which showed that MAGED4B was co-localized with TRIM27. In addition, MAGED4B overexpression down-regulated the TRIM27 protein level, and this was blocked by carbobenzoxyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine (MG132), an inhibitor of the proteasome. On the contrary, MAGED4B knockdown up-regulated the TRIM27 level. Furthermore, MAGED4B overexpression increased TRIM27 ubiquitination in the presence of MG132. Accordingly, MAGED4B down-regulated the protein levels of genes downstream of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) involved in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced apoptotic pathway. These findings indicate that MAGED4B promotes glioma growth via a TRIM27/USP7/receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIP1)-dependent TNF-α-induced apoptotic pathway, which suggests that MAGED4B is a potential target for glioma diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of miR-7159-5p on the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells by regulating the expression of TRIM26 / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To observe the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-7159-5p in gastric cancer tissues, and explore its effect on the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods:The cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 29 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical resection in Hubei 672 Orthopedic Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from March 2018 to November 2019 were collected. Fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-7159-5p in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, gastric cancer cell lines and normal gastric epithelial cell lines. Select the cell line with the lowest expression of miR-7159-5p, set the control group and the experimental group, and be transfected with control and miR-7159-5p mimics respectively. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-7159-5p in transfected cells. The lymphocyte proliferation test (MTS method) was used to detect the proliferation of transfected cells, and the Transwell chamber method was used to detect the invasion activity of transfected cells. The miRNAMap database and dual luciferase reporter gene experiment were used to predict and verify the target genes of miR-7159-5p. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of target genes in transfected cells.Results:The expression of miR-7159-5p in gastric cancer tissues was lower than that in adjacent tissues ( P<0.01), the expression of miR-7159-5p in gastric cancer cell lines was lower than that of normal gastric epithelial cells (all P<0.01), and the expression of miR-7159-5p was the lowest in SGC7901 cells ( P<0.01). After transfection, the expression of miR-7159-5p in SGC7901 cells of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.01). After transfection, the proliferation activity and the cell invasion activity of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.01). The target gene of miR-7159-5p was tripartite motif 26 (TRIM26). After transfection, the expression of TRIM26 mRNA in SGC7901 cells of the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.01). Western blot showed that after transfection, the expression of TRIM26, c-Myc, cyclin D1, β-catenin protein were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The expression of miR-7159-5p is low in gastric cancer tissues, and miR-7159-5p can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of SGC7901 cells by down-regulating the expression of TRIM26.

TRIM15 Knockdown Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in HepatocellularCarcinoma Cells / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Tripartite motif-containing protein 15 (TRIM15) is a member of the TRIM family, which is a class of proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The function of TRIM15 in tumors is rarely reported. This study is intended to explain the role of TRIM15 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractionation and immunofluorescence assays confirmed that TRIM15 was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. We designed hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knockdown TRIM15 in hepatocarcinoma cell lines. After knocking down TRIM15, cell growth curve and clone formation assays showed that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited (P<0. 05). Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed that knockdown of TRIM15 blocked cell cycle in the G

Expression of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin and intervention effects of chondroitin sulfate in brain of rats with chronic fluorosis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To observe the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin, and explore the role of tripartite synapse in the mechanism of central nervous system (CNS) injury and the neuroprotective effect of chondroitin sulfate (CS).Methods:One month old clean grade, 48 female Sparague-Dawley rats and 48 male Sparague-Dawley rats, were randomly divided into 8 groups according to body weight (90 - 120 g) by random number table method, with 12 rats in each group, half male and half female. These rats were fed with water containing different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) [ < 0.5 mg/L (control, CN), 10.0 mg/L (low dose fluoride, LF) and 50.0 mg/L (high dose fluoride, HF)]. Some rats were fed directly for 185 days (CN, LF and HF groups). In addition, rats of CN + normal saline (NS), LF + NS, HF + NS groups and LF + CS, HF + CS groups, were intraperitoneally injected with NS or 0.66 mg/kg CS for 5 consecutive days after 180 days of feeding. After the experiment, the pathological changes of hippocampal CA4 of brain tissue in each group were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining under light microscope, and the expression and distribution of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin in hippocampal CA4 of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry, the expression of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin at protein level in hippocampus of rats were detected by Western blotting.Results:Under light microscope, eosinophilic change, loss and irregular arrangement of neuron in the hippocampal CA4 were observed in LF, HF, LF + NS and HF + NS groups. The morphology of LF + CS and HF + CS groups was not significantly changed compared with CN group, but was significant changed compared with LF, HF, LF + NS and HF + NS groups. Immunohistochemical results showed that the rates of positive area of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin in female and male rats in LF and HF groups were significantly decreased than those in CN group ( P < 0.05); the positive area rates of female and male rats in LF + CS and HF + CS groups were higher than those in LF and HF groups, respectively ( P < 0.05). Western blotting results showed that the proten expression levels of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin of female and male rats in LF and HF groups (LF group: 0.90 ± 0.09, 0.82 ± 0.08, 1.43 ± 0.14, 0.92 ± 0.02, 1.21 ± 0.15, 0.87 ± 0.02, HF group: 0.58 ± 0.14, 0.73 ± 0.03, 0.63 ± 0.06, 0.67 ± 0.03, 0.87 ± 0.04, 0.70 ± 0.05) were lower than those in CN group (1.24 ± 0.08, 1.09 ± 0.10, 2.64 ± 0.30, 1.54 ± 0.09, 1.72 ± 0.10, 1.13 ± 0.06, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The tripartite synapse and extracellular matrix may take part in pathogenesis of the damages of CNS results from chronic fluorosis; CS may reduce the injury to a certain extent.

TRIM21 Promotes Differentiation of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Improving Protein Stability by Ubiquitination of Cytoskeleton / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21(tripartite motif containing 21) plays an important role in regulating cell biological functions and clinical prognosis as oncogene or tumor suppressor in different types of tumors. However,the biological functions and molecular mechanism of TRIM21 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) are still unclear.Our results showed that TRIM21 is highly expressed in moderately and well differentiated HPSCC, suggesting the role of TRIM21 in tumor differentiation. Overexpression and knockdown of TRIM21 inhibited or promoted cell proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, the expression of differentiation markers including KRT10 (keratin 10), IVL (involucrin) and TGM1 (transglutaminase 1) were increased and decreased upon TRIM21 overexpression or knockdown, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis of TRIM21 interacting protein identified by co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry suggested that TRIM21 may be closely related to the regulation of cytoskeleton protein. We further demonstrated that TRIM21 interacted with KRT10. The inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide led to upregulation of KRT10 in TRIM21 overexpressing FaDu cells, and ectopic expression of TRIM21 enhanced the ubiquitination level of KRT10. In summary, our results suggest that TRIM21 may promote the HPSCC differentiation by mediating ubiquitination of cytoskeleton proteins to improve the protein stability.

Emerging Roles of the TRIM Family in Autophagy / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Autophagy is a common cellular metabolic process, which is characterized by the formation of double membrane structures named autophagosomes to degrade intracellular components or invading foreign substances to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis. The dysfunction of autophagy is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases, including tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infection, immune diseases and so on. Autophagy may be a potential therapeutic target for these diseases. Therefore, the investigation of autophagy regulation is a hot issue in life science and medical research. The TRIM (tripartite motif-containing proteins) family is a set of proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and usually contains three conserved domains, a RING zinc finger structure, a B-box structure and a coiled helix domain. Many TRIM family members have been found to play important roles in autophagy regulation, the mechanism of which include modulating autophagy-related signaling pathways, regulating autophagy core molecules and acting as autophagy receptors, etc. TRIMs participate in many biological pathways through regulating autophagy, such as immunity, virus infection and tumors. This review covers the role of TRIM proteins in regulating autophagy, the molecular mechanism and the corresponding biological effects.

Características y desafíos del crimen organizado transnacional en la Triple Frontera: Argentina-Paraguay-Brasil / Characteristics and challenges of the transnational organized crime on the tripartite border among Argentine, Paraguay and Brazil / Características e desafios do crime organizado transnacional na tríplice fronteira: Argentina-Paraguai-Brasil

Resumen El impacto del crimen organizado transnacional en la frontera compartida entre Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil es tan grande, que hace que la región sea caracterizada por la prensa internacional y se considere como una de las más peligrosas del mundo. Este documento pretende, en primer lugar, realizar una caracterización de la región, con el fin de establecer el contexto que hace propicia la consolidación de los esquemas criminales. En seguida, se mostrará cuáles son los principales crímenes que se desarrollan y los actores involucrados. Finalmente, se establecerá cuáles han sido las respuestas de los tres gobiernos para superar la situación. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa, con vocación analítica y documental, a partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias que permitieron identificar la importancia estratégica y socioeconómica de los corredores fronterizos en la Triple Frontera, y la existencia de zonas grises, donde ha tenido amplio desarrollo el crimen organizado transnacional, a partir de la existencia de grupos nativos y no nativos en la zona, y de un amplio portafolio criminal que pone en evidencia la evolución de las amenazas a la seguridad. Las iniciativas implementadas por los gobiernos, en forma individual y en conjunto, finalmente se muestran insuficientes para contener el avance del fenómeno y como uno de los principales desafíos en la Triple Frontera.

Abstract The impact of the transnational organized crime in the tripartite border among Argentine, Paraguay and Brazil is so great that the region is characterized by the international media and considered one of the most dangerous areas in the world. This paper aims, first, to do a characterization of the region to establish the context that makes the consolidation of the criminal schemas favorable. Then, it will present the main crimes perpetrated and the individuals involved. Finally, it will establish the three governments' responses to overcome this problematic. This study used a qualitative analysis and documentary methodology, starting from primary and secondary sources. These sources allowed identifying the strategic and socioeconomic importance of the border corridors in this triple borderline, and the existence of grey zones, where transnational organized crime has had a great growth since the existence of native and non-native groups in this area; and of a broad criminal portfolio that points out the evolution of threats to security. The initiatives implemented by the governments, individually and collectively, are insufficient to stop the advancement of this matter and are shown as one of the main challenges in this shared border.

Resumo O impacto do crime organizado transnacional na fronteira compartilhada entre Argentina, Paraguai e Brasil é tão grande, que faz que a região seja caraterizada pela imprensa internacional e que seja considerada como uma das mais perigosas do mundo. Este documento pretende, em primeiro lugar, realizar uma caracterização da região, com o fim de establecer o contexto que propicia a consolidação dos esquemas criminais. Logo, se mostrará quais são os principais crimes cometidos e os atores envolvidos. Finalmente, se estabelecerá quais têm sido as propostas dos três governos para resolver a situação. A metodología utilizada foi qualitativa de tipo analítica e documental, a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias que permitiram identificar a importância estratégica e socioeconómica dos corredores fronteiriços na tríplice fronteira, e a existência de zonas cinzentas, onde o crime organizado transnacional tem tido um amplo desenvolvimento a partir da existência de grupos nativos e não nativos na zona, e de uma ampla variedade de crimes que evidencia a evolução das ameaças à segurança. As iniciativas implementadas pelos governos, de forma individual e conjunta, finalmente se mostram insuficientes para conter o avanço do fenômeno e se mostram como um dos principais desafios na tríplice fronteira.

TRIM25 enhances EGFR stability and signaling activity to promote lung cancer progression / 药学学报

Mutation and amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), one of the most important driver gene, are both reported to participate in the regulation of lung cancer development and progression. Here we investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of tripartite motif 25 (TRIM25) in the regulation of development of lung cancer. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to explore the tumor-promoting effect of TRIM25. Results showed that knockdown of TRIM25 significantly inhibited cell proliferation (34% inhibition rate) and invasion (42% inhibition rate). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Western blot and immunohistochemistry were adopted to detect the effect of TRIM25 on EGFR expression and its downstream signal activity. The results explained that TRIM25 not only up-regulated the expression level of EGFR, but also promoted EGFR signal activation. Co-immunoprecipitation, real-time PCR and cycloheximide (CHX) inhibit protein degradation assays were employed to explore the molecular mechanism of TRIM25 in regulating EGFR stability. Preliminary exploration results indicate that TRIM25 increases the expression level of EGFR and activates its downstream signaling activity through promoting K63-linked ubiquitination of EGFR. Restoration of EGFR expression rescues the phenotype of TRIM25 depletion. In A549 cells, overexpression of EGFR increased cell proliferation rate 1.5-fold and invasion rate 1.6-fold compared with knockdown of TRIM25 cells. Similarly, in H1975 cells, cell proliferation rate was enhanced 2-fold and invasion rate was improved 1.7-fold. These data suggest that TRIM25 promotes lung cancer development via maintaining EGFR stability and continuous EGFR signaling activation. The human lung cancer tissues were obtained from lung cancer patients at Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Informed consent was obtained from all participants in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Propiedades psicométricas de una versión española breve de 30 ítems del Cuestionario de Ansiedad y Depresión (MASQE30) / Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of 30-Item Brief Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQS30)

Resumen Se presenta en esta investigación una versión corta de 30 ítems del Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire ([MASQ]; Cuestionario de Síntomas de Ansiedad y del Humor) diseñado para medir las tres dimensiones del modelo tripartito de la ansiedad y la depresión, a saber, el Afecto Negativo (AN), el Afecto Positivo (AP) y la Ansiedad Somática (AS). Esta adaptación es una versión holandesa que se administró a una muestra de la población general canaria. Los objetivos propuestos son conocer la validez de constructo del MASQE30, mediante análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio, así como sus propiedades psicométricas y la validez convergente, discriminante y predictiva con ansiedad y depresión evaluadas con cuestionarios. Los resultados confirman la adecuada validez de constructo del MASQE30, así como coeficientes de consistencia interna que oscilan entre 0.88 y 0.92 y una estabilidad temporal que va desde 0.47 a 0.68. Los resultados corroboran que el AN y AS son compartidos por la ansiedad y la depresión, y el AP es específico de la depresión. El AN y AP corroboran las predicciones del modelo, pero no el resultado de AS. Se propone el MASQE30 como un instrumento adecuado para el estudio dimensional de la depresión y la ansiedad en población clínica y comunitaria.

Abstract In this investigation, we present a short 30-item version of the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQS30), designed to measure the three dimensions of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression, namely, negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA), and somatic anxiety (SA). This adaptation is from a Dutch version that we administered to a sample of the general canarian population. The proposed goals are to determine the construct validity of the MASQS30 through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as its psychometric properties, and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity with anxiety and depression as assessed through questionnaires. The results confirm adequate construct validity of the MASQS30, as well as internal consistency coefficients ranging between 0.88 and 0.92, and temporal stability, ranging from 0.47 to 0.68. The results corroborate that NA and SA are shared by anxiety and depression, whereas PA is specific to depression. NA and PA corroborate the predictions of the model, but the result of SA does not. The MASQS30 is proposed as an adequate instrument for the dimensional study of depression and anxiety in clinical and community population.

Expression and significance of tripartite motif family proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Tripartite motif (TRIM) family,a very important protein family,has various functions in cellular biological processes including intracellular signal transduction,cell growth and apoptosis,innate immunity,autophagy and tumorigenesis.The specific expressions of TRIM in hepatocellular carcinoma are proved by many researches,which are closely related to the occurrence,metastasis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.TRIM are expected to be markers for the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma,and have broad prospects in the early diagnosis,therapy and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

miR-215 Enhances HCV Replication by Targeting TRIM22 and Inactivating NF-κB Signaling

PURPOSE: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver disease. Several miRNAs have been found to be associated with HCV infection. This study aimed to investigate the functional roles and possible molecular mechanisms of miR-215 in HCV replication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression levels of miR-215 and TRIM22 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis in Con1b subgenomic genotype 1b HCV replicon cells (Con1b cells) and JFH1 full genome infecting Huh7.5.1 cells (Huh7.5.1 cells). HCV RNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of NS3, NS5A, p65 subunit of NF-κB (p65), and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) were determined by western blot analysis. The relationship between miR-215 and TRIM22 were explored by target prediction and luciferase reporter analysis. RESULTS: miR-215 overexpression enhanced HCV replication in Con1b cells, while miR-215 knockdown suppressed HCV replication in Huh7.5.1 cells. TRIM22 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-215. TRIM22 upregulation resulted in a decline in HCV replication, while TRIM22 inhibition led to enhancement of HCV replication. Additionally, exogenous expression of TRIM22 reversed the facilitating effect of miR-215 on HCV replication, while TRIM22 downregulation counteracted the inhibitory effect of miR-215 knockdown on HCV replication. Furthermore, miR-215 targeted TRIM22 to block the NF-κB pathway, and exerted a positively regulatory role on HCV replication. CONCLUSION: miR-215 facilitated HCV replication via inactivation of the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting TRIM22, providing a novel potential target for HCV infection.

The Role of Tripartite Motif Family Proteins in TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Cancer

TGF-β signaling plays a tumor suppressive role in normal and premalignant cells but promotes tumor progression during the late stages of tumor development. The TGF-β signaling pathway is tightly regulated at various levels, including transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Ubiquitination of signaling components, such as receptors and Smad proteins is one of the key regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β signaling. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins is a highly conserved group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that have been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, immune response, and carcinogenesis. Recent emerging studies have shown that some TRIM family proteins function as important regulators in tumor initiation and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge of TRIM family proteins regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway with relevance to cancer.

Research on Medical Service Price Dynamic Adjustment Strategy in the View of Tripartite / 中国卫生经济

There ass an urgent call for the dynamic medical service price-adjustment mechanism with the fully launched Zero Markup policy,however it was lacking of one unified coordination mechanism between departments.It analyzed the responsibilities and challenges of four departments(Health,Pricing,Health Insurance and Finance Department).Also,one theoretical model has been established for analyzing the impacts on the four departments by the scope of pricing-adjustment.By witnessed the evidences on the price-adjustment,it highly recommended that the strategy for price-adjustment should go with high frequency but in a minor change.Meanwhile,it also proposed that to build one well-coordinated mechanism,introduce third parties to involve,and establish one simulation system for price-adjustment to push forward the progress of dynamic price-adjustment mechanism.

Research progress of TRIM14 in malignant tumors / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Tripartite motif-containing 14 (TRIM14) is a member of tripartite motif family.Regulating innate immune response and affecting cell differentiation are the main physiological functions of TRIM14.It is reported TRIM14 expresses in various tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer,breast cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma,osteosarcoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma.The proliferation,invasion,metastasis,drug resistance of malignant tumors and the prognosis of patients with cancer can be affected via different mechanisms of TRIM14.

Expression and signifance of TRIM59,Twist and E-cadherin in hepatocellular carcinoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expressions of TRIM59,Twist and E-cadherin in hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinical significance. Methods The expressions of TRIM59,Twist and E-cadherin protein were tested by immunohistochemistry in 80 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas and the adjacent paracancerous tissues. Results The positive rate of TRIM59 in hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher than that in the adjacent paracancerous tissue(76.3%vs. 8.0%,P<0.05). Significant difference was also observed in the expres-sion rate of Twist between the hepatocellular carcinomas and the paracancerous tissue(66.3%vs. 6.0%,P<0.05). The positive rate of E-cadherin in hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly lower than that in the adjacent para-cancerous tissue(27.5%vs. 90.0%,P<0.05). The differences of the expression of TRIM59 in hepatocellular carci-noma of pathological grading,tumor differentiation,vascular invasion and clinical TNM stage were significant(P<0.05). The differences of the expression of Twist in hepatocellular carcinoma of pathological grading ,differentia-tion,vascular invasion and clinical TNM stage was also significant(P<0.05,respectively). The differences of the expression of E-cadherin in hepatocellular carcinoma of pathological grading,differentiation,vascular invasion and clinical TNM stage were also significant(P<0.05,respectively). Significantly positive correlation was also found between TRIM59 and Twist by using spearman correlation analysis(P<0.05). Negative correlations were observed between TRIM59 and E-cadherin(P < 0.05),and between Twist and E-cadherin(P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that TRIM59 expression was an independent prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion TRIM59,Twist and E-cadherin protein expression might be associated with the development,invasion,and metas-tasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. TRIM59 may become a new target gene for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma.

"Analysis on the management system and operation mechanism of Sanming's healthcare reform towards ""Tripartite-sector reform""" / 中华医院管理杂志

Centering on the reform practice in Sanming featuring a synergistic reform in public health services,medical insurance and medicine production-circulation (Tripartite-sector reform below),this paper focused on the top-level design of the management system in such a reform and its synergistic operation mechanism.The authors probed into the main reasons for its grounding-breaking success and challenges,to pave way for their discussions on the reproducibility and sustainability of the reform.

"Discussions on the ""Tripartite-sector reform"", a model empowered by medical insurance: Sanming as a focal" / 中华医院管理杂志

Tripartite-sector reform (a synergistic reform in public health services,medical insurance and medicine production-circulation) in Sanming city was described in the paper which centers on medical insurance.Tapping full potentials of the medical insurance,the city achieved efficient synergy among healthcare,medical insurance and medication systems.This reform has trimmed out inflated drug pricing to some extent for rooms of maneuver of medical service pricing changes,thus curbing excessive growth of medical costs successfully.The authors proposed areas of further improvements including the relationship between achieving such objective as curbing medical expenditure,and advancement of technical/medical service capacity;that between integrative control of medical insurance expenditure and protection of people's health;the equilibrium of interests between medical insurance,healthcare and medication.All these will contribute to the goal of healthy patients flow and a hierarchical medical system.