Fatores associados aos comportamentos ativo e sedentário em adolescentes brasileiros: uma análise de redes / Factors associated with active and sedentary behaviors in Brazilian adolescents: a network analysis

O presente estudo verificou a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, características da esco-la, nível de atividade física (AF) e comportamento sedentário (CS) em adolescentes brasileiros. A amostra foi composta por 71.903 adolescentes entre 13 e 16 anos (52,8% meninas), matriculados no último ano do ensino fundamental, em escolas públicas e privadas do Brasil, participantes da terceira edição da Pesquisa Nacional da Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). As informações foram recolhidas através de questionário. O tempo de AF na aula de Educação Física e extra aula de Educação Física, o tempo em deslocamento ativo e o tempo em CS foram associados às variáveis sociodemográficas (tipo de município, local da escola, escolaridade da mãe, percepção de insegurança, idade e sexo) e características da escola (tipo de escola e quadra disponível para uso). Utilizou-se a análise de rede. Quanto ao comportamento ativo, a topologia de rede mostrou que os meninos são mais ativos do que as meninas, principalmente na AF extra aula de Educação Física. Além disso, os resultados revelaram um maior tempo de AF na aula de Educação Física para os meninos, estudantes cujas mães apresentavam maior escolaridade, matriculados em escolas privadas e com quadra disponível para uso. Os estudantes matriculados em escolas públicas apresentaram maior tempo de AF em deslocamento ativo. Quanto ao CS, jovens do contexto urbano apresentaram maior exposição quando comparados aos pares do contexto rural. Conclui-se que as características sociodemográficas e da escola estão relacionadas com os comportamentos dos adolescentes brasileiros em todos os domínios da AF e no CS

The present study aimed to verify the association of sociodemographic correlates and school characteristics with levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) of Brazilian adolescents. The sample consisted of 71,903 adolescents between 13 and 16 years old (52.8% girls), enrolled in the last year in public and pri-vate elementary schools of Brazil, participants of the third edition of the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE). The time of PA in Physical Education class and extra Physical Education class, time in active commuting and time in SB were related to sociodemographic variables (type of municipality, place where the school is located, mother's schooling, perception of insecurity, age and gender) and school characteristics (type of school, block available for use). Data were analyzed using network analysis. The network topology showed that boys are more active than girls, especially in extra Physical Education`s PA. In addition, boys, students whose mothers have higher education, enrolled in private schools, which have a court available for use, have a positive association with longer time spent in PA in physical education classes. Students enrolled in public schools had a positive association with time spent in active commuting PA. As for SB, young people from the urban context are more exposed to SB than rural context. It was concluded that sociodemographic correlates and characteristics of the school were associated with all domains of the physical activity and sedentary behavior

Atualidades e perspectivas futuras da comissão consultiva em avaliação psicológica / Current affairs and future perspectives of the consultative commission on psychological assessment (CCAP) / Actualidades y perspectivas de futuro de la comisión consultiva en evaluación psicológica

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP), atrelada ao Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), tem como objetivos emitir pareceres acerca de solicitações advindas da avaliação psicológica(AP), elaborar e propor atualizações de documentos técnicos e normativos do CFP relativos à AP, elaborar e propor diretrizes para o ensino e formação continuada em AP, conduzir o processo de avaliação dos instrumentos submetidos ao SATEPSI e discutir temas e propor ações no âmbito da AP. Nos últimos 20 anos, a CCAP vem buscando atender a esses objetivos, indicando novos caminhos para a área. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais atualidades e movimentos da CCAP, indicando caminhos possíveis e perspectivas futuras para a área de AP. São discutidas as ações atuais que vêm sendo desenvolvidas pela CCAP, bem como as ações futuras delineadas que buscam promover uma AP cada vez mais democrática. Concluímos que a AP é uma prática do(a) psicólogo(a) que deve ser operacionalizada com compromisso ético, atrelada aos direitos humanos e à justiça, com embasamento científico e alinhada às mudanças sociais.(AU)

The Consultative Commission on Psychological Assessment (CCAP), affiliated with the Psychological Test Evaluation System under the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP), has the following objectives: to provide expert opinions on requests stemming from psychological assessments (PA), to draft and propose updates to the CFP technical and normative documents pertaining to PA, to formulate and recommend guidelines for education and ongoing professional development in PA, to oversee the evaluation process of instruments submitted to SATEPSI, and to engage in discussions and propose initiatives within the PA. Over the past two decades, CCAP has diligently worked to achieve these goals, charting new avenues in the field. In this context, this study aims to describe the most current developments and initiatives of CCAP and outline prospective directions and future outlooks for the PA. This study delves into the current initiatives undertaken by CCAP and the prospective actions delineated to foster a progressively more inclusive PA. Thus, we claim that PA is a practice inherent to psychologists that demands ethical commitment, alignment with human rights and justice, a solid scientific foundation, and adaptation to evolving social dynamics.(AU)

La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCAP), vinculada al Sistema de Evaluación de Pruebas Psicológicas (SATEPSI) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), tiene como objetivo emitir opinión técnica sobre solicitudes derivadas de la evaluación psicológica (EP), elaborar y proponer actualizaciones de documentos técnicos y normativos del CFP relacionados con EP, desarrollar y proponer lineamientos para la enseñanza y la formación continua en EP, conducir el proceso de evaluación de los instrumentos presentados al SATEPSI y discutir temas y proponer acciones en el ámbito de EP. Durante los últimos veinte años, la CCAP ha buscado alcanzar estos objetivos indicando nuevos caminos para el área. En este sentido, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar las principales actualidades y movimientos de la CCAP indicando posibles caminos y perspectivas de futuro para el área de EP. Se discuten las acciones actuales que ha desarrollado la CCAP, así como las acciones futuras perfiladas que buscan promover una EP cada vez más democrática. Se concluye que la EP es una práctica del psicólogo que debe ponerse en práctica con compromiso ético, vinculada a los derechos humanos y la justicia, con base científica y alineada con los cambios sociales.(AU)

Análisis de las interacciones entre los actores de la Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia / Analysis of interactions between actors of the Red de Gestión del Conocimiento e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia

Introducción. La malaria, o paludismo, es una enfermedad de gran impacto en la población colombiana, que debe ser abordada desde el punto de vista del trabajo en equipo de instituciones para el intercambio de conocimiento. Objetivo. Analizar las interacciones de la Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis de redes sociales que permitió identificar la proximidad entre los actores y el grado de conocimiento entre ellos; se observaron indicadores de densidad, diámetro, distancia media y centralidad de grado. El corpus documental para el estudio estuvo constituido por 193 documentos técnicos publicados entre el 2016 y el 2021, que fueron analizados empleando técnicas de procesamiento de texto mediante el lenguaje de programación R. La categorización de la red se realizó a partir de cinco variables: atención integral a pacientes, diagnóstico, epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, política pública, y promoción y prevención. Resultados. El análisis de las interacciones indicó que la red la conformaban 99 actores, de los cuales 97 (98 %), mostraron más interés en la producción de conocimientos en epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, seguido de la categoría de atención integral a pacientes con 79 (80 %). El 54 % de los actores llevó a cabo estudios de promoción y prevención, siendo esta la categoría de menor abordaje. Conclusiones. Este estudio contribuye al fortalecimiento de estrategias clave en la divulgación del conocimiento sobre la malaria en Colombia.

Introduction: Malaria is a disease with a high impact on Colombian population, which must be approached from the point of view of teamwork of institutions for knowledge exchange. Objective: To analyze the interactions of the Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materials and methods: An analysis of social networks was applied that allowed identifying the proximity between actors and the degree of knowledge between them. Indicators of density, diameter, average distance, and degree of centrality were observed. The documentary corpus for the study consisted of 193 technical documents published between 2016 and 2021, which were analyzed using text mining using the R programming language. The network was categorized based on five variables: comprehensive patient care, diagnosis, epidemiology and health information analysis systems, public policy and promotion and prevention. Results: The analysis of interactions indicated that the network was made up by 99 actors. The main interest in knowledge production was on epidemiology and health information analysis systems (98 % of the actors), followed by the integral patient care (80 % of the actors). On the contrary, the least approached category was malaria promotion and prevention practices (54 % of the actors). Conclusions: In general, this study contributes to the strengthening of key strategies in the dissemination of knowledge about malaria in Colombia.

Desafios e possibilidades do viver sem ver / Challenges and possibilities of living without seeing

O presente artigo tem por objetivo acompanhar o desenrolar de um dispositivo clínico, destinado às pessoas com deficiência visual do Instituto Benjamin Constant. Para tal empreendimento, partimos das formulações teórico-metodológicas da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) e dos termos Versão, Política Ontológica e PesquisarCOM. Estes são articulados de modo a propiciar uma reflexão acerca da concepção predominante da cegueira enquanto déficit, tal como os atores e as práticas que a sustentam. Lançamos luz sobre o nosso campo de atuação, a fim de fazer proliferar outras realidades que admitam a pessoa cega como aquela que pode ser eficiente. Assim, concluímos que é possível a construção de lugares propositivos em relação à deficiência visual que transportem a possibilidade de invenção e reinvenção de si.

Serviços da atenção especializada para crianças com síndrome congênita pelo vírus zika no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, a partir da análise de rede social / Specialized care services for children with congenital zika virus syndrome in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a social network analysis

Resumo A correlação do aumento na incidência de casos de microcefalia em 2015, simultaneamente ao surto do zika vírus, levou ao reconhecimento de uma epidemia pela síndrome congênita pelo vírus zika (SCVZ), que ressaltou as já conhecidas fragilidades nas ações do cuidado em saúde. O objetivo do artigo é analisar a rede virtual de informações sobre a oferta de serviços de saúde para crianças com SCVZ no Rio de Janeiro. A partir da análise de redes sociais, foram coletados dados de fontes virtuais sobre informações de serviços e instituições de atendimento, utilizando o buscador Google, a fim de avaliar as relações entre esses atores em 2018. Os resultados apresentaram uma rede fragmentada, com centralização em fontes virtuais e serviços públicos da atenção secundária e terciária, destacando-se a proximidade das fontes de imprensa com os serviços públicos. Destacou-se também o isolamento dos serviços privados e a não interlocução entre os serviços filantrópicos e os serviços públicos. Além disso, as informações oferecidas mostraram-se insuficientes e superficiais, apesar da lacuna da rede formal de reabilitação. Consequentemente, as evidências apontam para a importância de uma rede bem estabelecida de serviços, bem como a necessidade de fomentar a comunicação por meio de mídias virtuais.

Abstract In 2015 the correlation between increasing numbers of cases of microcephaly and a zika virus outbreak led to recognition of an epidemic of congenital zika virus syndrome (CZVS), highlighting well-known weaknesses in health care measures. This article examines the network of virtual information available on health service provision for children suffering from CZVS in Rio de Janeiro. Using social media analysis, data on information about services and care institutions were collected from virtual sources using the Google search engine, so as to assess relations among these actors in 2018. The results revealed a fragmented network centred on virtual sources and secondary and tertiary public care services, with striking proximity of press sources to public services. Also salient was the isolation of private services and the lack of dialogue between philanthropic and public services. Moreover, the information offered was found to be insufficient and superficial, despite the gaps in the formal rehabilitation network. The evidence thus suggested the importance of a well-established health care service network and the necessity of fostering communication through virtual media.

Líderes de opinión digital en tiempos de pandemia: el rol de la Asociación Nacional de Informadores de la Salud en Twitter frente al COVID-19 / Digital opinion leaders in the time of COVID-19: the role of the National Association of Health Reporters on Twitter in the struggle against the pandemic

La Asociación Nacional de Informadores de la Salud constituye una de las mayores asociaciones de prensa sectorial de España, con más de 700 miembros. Durante la crisis del COVID-19, su función en la gestión y difusión de información puede considerarse fundamental. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue analizar cómo se produce la comunicación entre los miembros de la Asociación Nacional de Informadores de la Salud en torno al COVID-19 en Twitter. Se descargaron todos los tuits e interacciones entre los asociados y se analizó la red generada por estos; se identificó a los miembros más influyentes a través de medidas de centralidad y se examinó el contenido de los tuits con mayor difusión y engagement. Tras identificar expresiones que aparecían con mayor frecuencia, se hizo un análisis semántico para extraer los temas más relevantes. Los datos mostraron una red poco cohesionada, donde los usuarios interactúan poco entre sí. Tanto la Asociación como sus miembros, se centran mayoritariamente en la difusión de mensajes fomentadores de concienciación, con información relevante relacionada con la enfermedad, la formación, la denuncia social y el humor. Un uso más coordinado e interactivo de la red social por parte de los miembros de la Asociación, sería deseable para aumentar el alcance y la difusión de sus mensajes(AU)

The National Association of Health Informants is one of the largest sectoral press associations in Spain, with more than 700 members. During the COVID-19 crisis, its role in the management and dissemination of information can be considered fundamental. The overall objective of this research was to analyze how communication occurs between members of the National Association of Health Informants regarding COVID-19 on Twitter. All tweets and interactions between associates were downloaded and the network generated by them was analyzed; the most influential members were identified through measures of centrality and the content of the tweets with the highest diffusion and engagement was examined. After identifying expressions that appeared more frequently, a semantic analysis was made to extract the most relevant topics. The data showed a poorly cohesive network, where users interact little with each other. Both the Association and its members focus mainly on the dissemination of awareness-raising messages, with relevant information related to the disease, training, social denunciation and humor. A more coordinated and interactive use of the social network by the members of the Association would be desirable to increase the reach and dissemination of their messages(AU)

Uso e impacto en las redes sociales por parte de las revistas de reumatología / Use and impact of social networks by rheumatology journals

RESUMEN Introducción: Las redes sociales como Twitter®, Facebook® y YouTube® se han convertido en medios de interacción y visualización de información científica. Han surgido medidas alternativas (almetrics) que evalúan la diseminación y el impacto de las revistas científicas en las redes sociales; sin embargo, se desconoce si existe correlación entre la actividad de las revistas de reumatología en redes sociales y las métricas tradicionales de impacto basadas en número de citaciones. Métodos: Se identificaron las revistas de reumatología a partir de la base de datos de SCImago de Scopus® y se extrajo la información de las métricas tradicionales basadas en el número de citaciones. Se determinaron métricas alternativas de actividad de las revistas en Facebook®, Twitter®, YouTube® e Instagram®. Se evaluó la correlación entre ellas usando el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, ajustado por el tiempo transcurrido desde la creación de la cuenta. Resultados: De un total de 60 revistas de reumatología, 14 contaban con la presencia en las redes sociales evaluadas. El SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) fue más alto en revistas con red social (90,5 vs. 21; p < 0,05). La correlación entre el SJR y las métricas de actividad del Twitter® fue excelente: con el número de seguidores (r = 0,85), seguidores/ano (r = 0,83) y número de tweets (r = 0,82). Conclusión: Nuestro estudio sugiere que las métricas tradicionales de impacto basadas en el número de citaciones, se correlacionan muy bien con las métricas de presencia en redes sociales de las revistas de reumatología, en especial en Twitter®.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The social networks like Twitter®, Facebook® and YouTube® have become interaction media with visualisation scientific information. Alternative metrics (altmetrics) have emerged that assess the dissemination and the impact of the scientific journals in the social networks. However, it is unknown if there is a correlation between the journal and the traditional measurements of impact based on the number of citations for the journal of rheumatology. Methods: The journals of rheumatology included in Scimago Country and Journal Ranking were identified, and the results of their metrics were collected based on the number of cita tions. The presence in social networks was determined using metrics, such as the number of followers and tweets. The correlation between them was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient, adjusted for the time elapsed since the account was created. Results: Out of a total of 60 rheumatology journals, 14 had a presence in social networks. The Scimago journal ranking indicator (SJR) was higher in journals with a social network (90.5 vs. 21; p< .05). The correlation between the SJR and Twitter® activity metrics was excellent: with the number of followers (r = 0.85), followers/year (r=0.83), and number of tweets (r = 0.82). Conclusion: This study suggests that traditional impact metrics based on the number of cita tions correlate very well with the social network presence metrics of rheumatology journals, especially on Twitter®.

Professional identity and experience of undergraduate students: an analysis of semantic networks

Abstract Work experiences during undergraduate studies can be remarkable in the journey of undergraduate students. The objective of this study was to assess, by analyzing semantic networks, the role of work experiences in the meanings those individuals attribute to professional identity. The sample consisted of 2291 students (60% women) divided into three groups: do not work, work in a field related to their course, work in a field not related to their course. The semantic networks of these groups were composed of words uttered from the professional identity prime. We chose to work with the critical network, obtained from the analysis of the incidence-fidelity indexes of the word pairs. The results evidence that work experiences are related to how undergraduate students attribute meaning to professional identity, in such a way that three different networks were formed for these groups. The network of those who work outside their field was the only one that integrated words with negative content, while the semantic networks of those who do not work and those who work in their field, despite containing words that do not always coincide, present a similar macrostructure. We conclude that work experiences play an important role in the meanings that undergraduate students attribute to professional identity. The study innovates by revealing elements of professional-identity construction, besides allowing for reflections on the effects of work experiences during the college period.

Observatorios: clasificación y concepción en el contexto iberoamericano / Observatories: classification and conceptualization in the Ibero-American context

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los principales elementos a considerar en el diseño de un observatorio. Para esto se analizaron 61 observatorios de diversas temáticas, en su gran mayoría del contexto iberoamericano. La metodología empleada se estructuró en tres etapas, que partieron del análisis conceptual y los componentes principales de los observatorios; le siguieron su clasificación y las regularidades. Se plantearon las recomendaciones y los elementos básicos a definir para el diseño de los observatorios, entre los que se encuentran el objetivo, el alcance, los actores, los procesos y las salidas. En estas etapas se utilizan un conjunto de métodos y herramientas del análisis de la información y las redes sociales que contribuyen al estudio de los observatorios(AU)

The purpose of the study was to identify the main elements to be considered when designing an observatory. To achieve such a goal, analysis was conducted of 61 observatories of various topics, most of them from the Ibero-American context. The method used was structured into three stages: conceptual analysis and main components of the observatories, classification and regularities. Recommendations were made and a list of basic elements was provided which should be defined when designing the observatories, among them the objective, scope, actors, processes and outputs. Throughout these stages, use is made of a number of methods and tools for information and social network analysis which contribute to the study of observatories(AU)

Articulação em rede: o cuidado a usuários de drogas na perspectiva da análise de redes sociais / Networking articulation: care for drug users from the perspective of social network analysis

Objective:The goal of this quantitative and descriptive study was to analyze the articulation between a psychosocial care center and the intersectoral health network. Methodology:Data were collected in a municipality on the western border of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from August to December 2017. Data analysis was performed using the Package for the Social Network Analysis -UCINET software. The study was based on the methodological framework of social network analysis. Results:The results indicated the existence of 37 agents involved in care provided to drug users. It was possible to observe several sectors of justice and public safety that provided direct or indirect care to users. However, the results revealed certain estrangement between these agents and other network services in the development of joint programs and case coordination. The metrics assessed indicated a low degree of interaction between the sectors, demonstrating the difficulty of the network in functioning in an integrated manner and building joint care possibilities. Conclusions:This study discusses the need for greater intersectoral articulation at the interaction levels assessed. It is necessary to plan municipal policies that favor this interaction between agents.

Objetivo: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo quese propõe a analisar a articulação entre um centro de atenção psicossocial e a rede de saúde intersetorial. Metodologia: A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto à dezembro de 2017, em um município da fronteira oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A análise dos dados foi organizada a partir da utilização do Software Package for the Social Network Analysis-UCINET. O estudo norteia-se pelo referencial metodológico de análise de redes sociais. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram a existência de 37 atores envolvidos no cuidado às pessoas que usam drogas. Foi possível observar diversos setores de justiça e segurança pública que prestavam cuidados diretos ou indiretos aos usuários. Contudo, os resultados indicaram certo distanciamento desses atores no tocante ao desenvolvimento de programas conjuntos e coordenação de casos com outros serviços da rede. Verificou-se, através das métricas investigadas, um baixo grau de interação entre os dispositivos, demonstrando a dificuldade por parte da rede em atuar de forma integrada e construir possibilidades de cuidado conjuntas. Considerações finais: Discute-se a necessidade de maior articulação intersetorial nos níveis de interação analisados neste estudo. Para isso, é preciso pensar em políticas municipais que favoreçam essa "costura" entre os atores.

Uso de redes sociales en las revistas científicas de la Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela / Use of social networks in the scientific journals of the University of Los Andes, Venezuela

Resumen En una sociedad donde las barreras parecen día a día más difusas, las Redes Sociales (RRSS) constituyen uno los principales vehículos de comunicación directo para acceder, compartir, usar y apropiarse de contenidos que hasta hace algún tiempo implicaba mayores labores. El objetivo de este estudio fue ofrecer un diagnóstico sobre la participación en estos canales, como medios adecuados para la divulgación de conocimientos, en cada una de las 90 revistas científicas de la Universidad de Los Andes (ULA), abordado desde una metodología de trabajo de carácter documental, con diseño no experimental-transversal de tipo descriptivo, donde se determinó la presencia -y sus respectivas características- de los objetos de estudio en dos RRSS horizontales-generalistas: Facebook y Twitter, y dos verticales, de contenido y de perfiles profesionales: Youtube y LinkedIn, dadas sus capacidades de apertura y penetración en una parte importante de la población que tiene conexión a la Red. Sin embargo, se percibió que apenas el 22,3 % de las publicaciones periódicas analizadas es miembro de al menos una de estas RRSS, algunas no cuentan con constante actividad y, por tanto, la cifra de suscriptores es corta y su alcance limitado. Se recomienda al personal que allí hace vida académica procurar esfuerzos para alcanzar mejores índices de visibilidad y difusión, así como el registro en más comunidades virtuales y el trabajo constante en el mantenimiento de ellas.

Abstract In a society where barriers seem to be increasingly diffusive, Social Networks seem to be one of the main methods of direct communication to access, share, use and obtain content that at one time implicated hours of research. The objective of this study was to offer a diagnosis about of the participation in these channels, as appropriate means for the dissemination of knowledge, of each of the 90 scientific journals of the University of Los Andes (ULA). The same was approached from a documentary work methodology, with non-experimental-transverse descriptive design, where a presence was determined -along with its respective characteristics- in two horizontal-general Social Networks -such as Facebook and Twitter-, and two vertical Social Networks, one of the this of professional profile -LinkedIn-, and other of contents: Youtube. This is so given the availability and accessibility to a substantial part of the population with access to the internet. Nevertheless, it was perceived that only 22,3% of journals analyzed were members of at least one of this Social Networks. Of these, some are not consistently active and as such, the list of subscribers is short and its accessibility, limited. It is recommended that their respective personnel make a concerted effort to improve their visibility and broadcasting, such as registration in more Social Networks and a constant maintenance of them.

Identificación de patrones de comportamiento informativo en los textos mediante el Análisis de Redes Sociales / Identification of patterns of informative behavior in the texts with the Social Networks Analysis

Resumen Se presentan los resultados de una investigación, cuyo objetivo es identificar patrones de conocimiento significativo en el contenido de la documentación presentada para la evaluación del Ambiente Organizacional de 13 empresas mexicanas, que integran el ranking de Súper Empresas ® elaborado por la Consultora Top Companies ® . Por medio del procesamiento cuantitativo de seis variables, seis indicadores y el Análisis de Redes Sociales, se visualizan mapas de relaciones entre las empresas y los atributos de las variables seleccionadas. Con el uso de la fuente y la metodología empleadas se revelan patrones de comportamiento informativo presentes en la documentación objeto de estudio que aportan nuevo conocimiento para la toma de decisiones sobre la evaluación y la elaboración de los rankings empresariales que generan las consultoras especializadas sobre la referida temática.

Abstract This paper reports the results of research aimed at identifying patterns of significant knowledge contained in the documentation of thirteen Mexican companies submitted for the purpose of the Organizational Environment evaluation of "Super Companies", a ranking issued exclusively by the consulting firm Top Companies®. Maps of company relationships and the attributes of the selected variables are developed on the basis of the quantitative processing of six variables and indicators, and an analysis of social networks. The sources and the methodology employed reveal patterns of informational behavior in the specialized documentation that can serve to support decision making with regard to the evaluation and preparation of the rankings issued by the specialized consultants.

Análise de redes sociais na atenção primária em saúde: revisão integrativa / Análisis de redes sociales en la atención primaria de salud: revisión integrativa / Social network analysis in primary health care: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo: Redes sociais são entendidas como as relações que conectam pessoas, grupos ou instituições, e exercem influência no acesso aos serviços de saúde. A análise de redes sociais é um método quantitativo, usado em estudos sobre relações sociais de diversas áreas, incluindo a saúde, sendo de incorporação recente pela Saúde Coletiva e Enfermagem. O objetivo foi o de conhecer como vem sendo aplicada a metodologia de análise de redes sociais em estudos que têm como cenário a Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: A metodologia foi a de revisão interativa de literatura, e cumpridas as suas etapas de definição de critério de busca, seleção de artigos e análise segundo as categorias definidas de distribuição temporal e geográfica, tipos de redes e atores selecionados e principais resultados. As categorias temáticas após a análise foram: A análise de redes sociais como estratégia de análise da rede de profissionais, e a análise de redes sociais como estratégia de análise da rede social de usuários. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que as publicações tendem a se concentrar nos últimos cinco anos, e a metodologia é mais utilizada em países de língua inglesa. Todos os estudos usaram outras abordagens metodológicas juntamente com a análise de redes sociais. Nas redes de profissionais, destacam-se as relações interinstitucionais e interpessoais, reafirmando a atenção primária à saúde como ordenadora da rede de cuidados. Com usuários, a análise de redes sociais destacou a relevância das redes primárias e das organizações de apoio. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a análise de redes sociais possui potencialidade para evidenciar estruturas e fluxos relacionais na Atenção Primária à Saúde, com interesse para estudos em saúde coletiva e enfermagem.

Resumen Objetivo: Se entiende por redes sociales a las relaciones que conectan personas, grupos o instituciones, y ejercen influencia en el acceso a servicios de salud. El análisis de redes sociales es un método cuantitativo, utilizado en estudios sobre relaciones sociales de diversas áreas, incluyendo la salud, habiéndose incorporado recientemente a la Salud Colectiva y a la Enfermería. Se objetivó conocer cómo se aplica la metodología de análisis de redes sociales en estudios cuyo ámbito es la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Se realizó revisión interactiva de literatura, y se cumplieron sus dos etapas de definición de criterios de búsqueda, selección de artículos y análisis según las características definidas de distribución temporal y geográfica, tipos de redes y actores seleccionados y principales resultados. Las categorías temáticas luego del análisis fueron: El análisis de redes sociales como estrategia de análisis de la red de profesionales, y El análisis de redes sociales como estrategia de la red social de usuarios. Resultados: Indican que las publicaciones tienden a concentrarse en los últimos cinco años, y que la metodología es más utilizada en países de habla inglesa. Todos los estudios aplicaron otros abordajes metodológicos conjuntamente con el análisis de redes sociales. En redes de profesionales se destacaron las relaciones interinstitucionales e interpersonales, reafirmando la atención primaria de salud como ordenadora de la red de cuidados. Con usuarios, el análisis de redes sociales destacó la relevancia de las redes primarias y las organizaciones de apoyo. Conclusión: El análisis de redes sociales tiene potencial para evidenciar estructuras y flujos relacionales en Atención Primaria de Salud, siendo de interés para estudios en salud colectiva y de enfermería.

Abstract Objective: Social networks are considered as the relationships that connect people, groups or institutions and influence the access to health services. Social Network Analysis is a quantitative method, used in social relationship studies in different areas, including health. It has recently been incorporated in Collective Health and Nursing. The objective was to know how the social network analysis method has been applied in studies undertaken in Primary Health Care. Methods: The integrative literature review method was used, including the following phases: definition of search criterion, selection of articles and analysis according to the defined temporal and geographical distribution categories, selected types of networks and actors and main outcomes. The thematic categories after the analysis were: Social Network Analysis as an analysis strategy of the professional network, and Social Network Analysis as an analysis strategy of users' social network. Results: The results indicate that the publications tend to concentrate in the past five years and that the method is more used in English-speaking countries. All studies used other methodological approaches together with Social Network Analysis. In the professional networks, the interinstitutional and interpersonal relationships stand out, reaffirming the ordering role of primary health care in the care network. With users, the social network analysis highlighted the relevance of the primary networks and support organizations. Conclusion: In conclusion, the social network analysis can evidence relational structures and flows in Primary Health Care, which are of interest for collective health and nursing studies.

Preditores do uso do Facebook pelos adolescentes portugueses: Contributos de um estudo exploratório / Predictors of Facebook use among Portuguese adolescents: Contributes of an exploratory study

Resumo A generalização do uso das redes sociais online, tem trazido oportunidades e constrangimentos ao mesmo tempo-ou até mais depressa-que a investigação e o conhecimento sobre este tópico. Neste trabalho, pretendemos explorer o papel de variáveis pessoais e psicossociais no uso do Facebook, recorrendo a um conjunto de questionários de autorrelato junto de uma amostra de 386 adolescentes portugueses. Os resultados obtidos permitem verificar diferenças na utilização em função do género, uma relação positiva com a idade, a autorregulação e autoestima, sendo a interação com pares da sua rede de contactos offline o mais forte preditor para o uso das redes sociais. Estes dados sugerem o papel desta aplicação como um meio para manter o contacto com os pares.

Abstract The widespread use of social networks has brought opportunities and constraints at the same time, even faster than research and knowledge on this topic. In this paper, we intend to explore the role of personal and psychosocial variables in Facebook use, considering a set of self-report questionnaires to a sample of 386 Portuguese adolescents. We found gender differences in social network use, a positive relationship with age, self-regulation and self-esteem, with peer interaction with offline contacts as the strongest predictor for social network use. These data suggest the role of this application as a mean to maintain contact with peers.

Influencia de la estructura de las redes personales sobre el desarrollo de procesos comunitarios en población desplazada / Influence of personal networks structure on the development of community processes in displaced population

El desplazamiento forzado afecta a más de 5 millones de personas en Colombia. El proceso de movilidad que experimentan los desplazados implica el debilitamiento de los vínculos con su entorno relacional y supone la privación del derecho de incidir a nivel sociopolítico. El sentido de comunidad, la participación y el empoderamiento sirven para comprender tanto el proceso de adaptación en la comunidad de destino, como el incremento de la participación comunitaria. Desde un enfoque estructural, el Análisis de Redes Sociales hace posible evaluar las redes de apoyo social de la población desplazada. Los objetivos de la investigación son (a) evaluar los tres procesos mencionados, (b) analizar las redes personales de los participantes y (c) examinar los posibles efectos que la estructura de las redes personales pueda ejercer sobre el desarrollo de los procesos comunitarios analizados. Los resultados indican que las propiedades estructurales de las redes inciden en el nivel de participación en actividades de desarrollo comunitario. Sin embargo, no se han detectado relaciones significativas entre los indicadores estructurales y los otros dos procesos comunitarios evaluados. Existen evidencias que indican que la densidad contribuye positivamente sobre la participación mientras que los parámetros de centralización afectan de forma negativa. Concluimos discutiendo el alcance de nuestros resultados para diseñar estrategias de intervención que promuevan la integración plena de los desplazados en la comunidad receptora.

Forced displacement affects over 5 million people in Colombia. The process of mobility experienced by displaced implies the weakening of the linkages with their relational environment and may involve the deprivation of the right to decide at socio-political level. The sense of community, the community engagement and the psychological empowerment display a strong potential to understand both the adaptation process in destination community, and the increase in community involvement. From a structural viewpoint, Social Network Analysis allows to evaluate the social support networks of the displaced population. The aims of this study are: (a) assess the three community processes; (b) analyze the personal networks structure of the displaced population; and (c) identify the potential effects that personal networks may exert on the development of community processes. Results suggest that structural properties of networks impact on the level of participation in community development activities. However, no significant relationships were identified between the structural measures and the other two community processes evaluated. Density contributes positively on community participation while centralization parameters affect in a negative way. We conclude discussing the applications of our results to design effective intervention strategies to promote the full integration of displaced population in the host community.

Redes de iguales y acoso escolar: evaluación desde el análisis de redes sociales / Peer networks and bullying: an evaluation from the social network analysis

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio consistió en identificar las características de las redes sociales de 320 estudiantes de secundaria implicados en conductas de acoso, con el fin de observar posibles diferencias en la estructura de sus relaciones de acuerdo a los roles asumidos (observador, agresor, víctima, agresor-víctima). Mediante un diseño ex post facto se analizaron las propiedades de las redes de acuerdo a los indicadores de centralidad de grado, cercanía e intermediación; la comparación de estas propiedades se cumplió mediante pruebas no paramétricas de diferencias entre grupos. Los resultados indican rendimientos similares de las características de las redes indistintamente del rol asumido; se observó un número amplio de agresores-víctimas como actores centrales en las redes al igual que víctimas con posiciones sociales importantes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of social networks of 320 high school students involved in bullying behaviors, in order to observe possible differences in the structure of their relationships according to the roles assumed (observer, aggressor, victim, aggressorvictim). Using an ex post facto design analyzed the properties of the networks according to indicators of degree, closeness and betweenness, the comparison of these properties are fulfilled with nonparametric tests of differences between groups. The results indicate similar performance of the network characteristics regardless of the role assumed, there was a large number of aggressor-victim as central actors in networks like victims with important social positions.

Análisis bibliométrico de la revista Infectio, 1995 a 2011 / Bibliometric analysis of Infectio journal, 1995 to 2011

La bibliometría aplica métodos estadísticos para el análisis cuantitativo de las publicaciones científicas. Los índices bibliométricos permiten determinar propiedades y tendencias de una publicación, sus autores y sus contenidos. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis bibliométrico y de redes sociales de la revista Infectio. Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo. Se analizaron 15 volúmenes de la revista Infectio, compuestos por 53 números del período 1995 a 2011. Se calcularon índices de producción, colaboración, citación y visibilidad. Para comparar la tendencia de publicación por temas y la citación de la revista, se hizo una búsqueda en Medline® y Scopus® (Elsevier). Resultados: En Infectio se publicaron 303 artículos, de los cuales el 47,19% fueron trabajos originales. Se encontraron 25 autores con 3 o más documentos originales, 2 grandes productores y 457 transitorios para un índice de transitoriedad del 85,58%. La colaboración intrainstitucional fue del 44,06%. Los temas más frecuentes en trabajos originales fueron farmacorresistencia microbiana, virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, toxoplasma y tuberculosis. El factor de impacto varió entre 0,18 y 0,59. Los temas más citados fueron neutropenia y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Discusión: La producción de trabajos originales fue alta. Los grupos identificados están conformados por los autores más productivos. Los índices bibliométricos de productividad y colaboración fueron similares a los de revistas biomédicas internacionales. Los resultados de los índices de transitoriedad y de autocitación indicaron falta de consolidación de líneas o grupos de investigación. La participación de la universidad pública fue prevalente. En la comparación se destaca una mayor producción de temas como virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y toxoplasma.

Bibliometrics apply statistics methods for the quantitative analysis of scientific production. Bibliometric indicators are useful in determining properties and trends in a publication, its authors and its content. Objective: To make a bibliometric and social network analysis of Infectio journal. Methods: Bibliometric descriptive study. Fifteen volumes of the journal Infectio were analyzed, consisting of 53 numbers during the period from 1995 to 2011. Rates of production, collaboration, citation and visibility were calculated. A search was made in Medline® and Scopus® (Elsevier) to compare the publication by topics and the citation. Results: 303 articles were published in Infectio, of which 47.19% were original articles. We found 25 authors with three or more original articles, with 2 large producers and 457 transients for a rate of 85.58% of transience. Intra-institutional collaboration was 44.06%. The most frequent topics in original articles were microbial drug resistance, HIV, toxoplasma and tuberculosis. The impact factor varied between 0.18 and 0.59. The topics most cited were neutropenia and HIV. Conclusion: The production of original articles was high. The groups identified are composed of the most prolific authors. Bibliometric indicators of productivity and collaboration were similar to those of international biomedical journals. The results of the levels of transience and self-citation indicates lack of consolidation of lines or research groups. The participation of the public university was predominant. The comparison highlights an increased production of topics like HIV and toxoplasma.

La interacción en el aula: una vía para posibilitar la comprensión inferencial de textos narrativos en niños de preescolar / Interaction in the classroom: one way to facilitate the understanding inference of narrative texts in children of preschooler

La investigación explora las relaciones entre las características de las interacciones establecidas para propiciar la interpretación de un texto narrativo y las inferencias que los niños hacen sobre él. Ésta se enmarca en la psicología educativa, cognitiva y cultural. 4 grupos de preescolar participaron en el estudio con un total de 48 niños. El diseño fue descriptivo exploratorio. Se hizo un análisis cualitativo - análisis del discurso - y uno cuantitativo - análisis de redes sociales - para procesar los datos. Se encontró que los niños cuya maestra propiciaba más interacciones alrededor del texto buscando una comprensión como transacción texto -lector, lograron mayor elaboración inferencial y los niños cuyas docentes propusieron interacciones en las que planteaban discusiones sobre información explícita en el texto, realizaron pocas inferencias y de menor complejidad.

This research explores the relationship between the characteristics of interactions established to favor the narrative text interpretation and the inferences that children make on it. This is marked in the educative, cognitive and cultural psychologist. In this research participated four groups of kinder garden with a total of forty eight children. This was a descriptive and explorative design. Was realized a discursive analysis and a social nets analysis to process information. It was find that children which teacher favor more interactions and better interactions raised a textual analyses got a high inferencial elaboration, and children which teachers proposed low interaction raised discussions about explicit information in the text, realized a few inferences and with a low level of elaboration.