Práticas psicológicas nos Creas do interior do RS: o olhar de trabalhadoras(es) / Psychological practices on CREAS in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul: perspectives of workers / Prácticas psicológicas en CREAS en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul: perspectiva de trabajadoras/es

O presente texto tem o objetivo de explanar ações desempenhadas por psicólogas(os) trabalhadoras(es) dos Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social (Creas), em situações de violência intrafamiliar, identificadas a partir do estude empírico realizado por mim, psicóloga pesquisadora, também trabalhadora de um Creas. Participaram da pesquisa doze psicólogas(os), trabalhadoras(es) destes centros, em sete municípios do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, onde foram realizadas, presencialmente, as entrevistas. A análise dos dados apontou para uma compreensão metodológica a partir de três dimensões já apontadas na bibliografia, sendo elas: a) Acolhida Inicial, que demonstra que esses profissionais geralmente iniciam suas práticas com uma família ou indivíduo indo ao encontro destes, buscando a vinculação dos mesmos com o serviço; b) Acompanhamento Especializado, onde essas(es) trabalhadoras(es) desenvolvem suas práticas com diversidade e criatividade, a partir de visitas domiciliares, trabalhos com grupos, indivíduos ou famílias, geralmente em conjunto com outros profissionais, principalmente assistentes sociais; c) Articulação com a Rede, onde se identificou um importante movimento para o trabalho em conjunto com outros serviços disponíveis no território. Por fim, as considerações finais indicam que ainda há um caminho a ser trilhado com relação à definição das práticas dos psicólogos no Creas. Porém, há muito que se falar a respeito de práticas que já estão ocorrendo. Assim, tornam-se relevantes as pesquisas acadêmicas nesse contexto, pois ao inserir os profissionais psicólogos trabalhadores da política, eles podem promover uma articulação entre a produção do fazer cotidiano e a reflexão teórica e acadêmica sustentada pelas pesquisas.(AU)

This study aims to explore the activities developed by psychologists from the Centros de Referência de Atenção Especializada (CREAS - Brazilian Specialized Social Assistance Reference Centers), regarding situations of intrafamily violence identified by me, the author, a research psychologist and, CREAS worker. Participants include 12 psychologists who work on such centers from 7 cities in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the interviews were conducted in person. The data analysis pointed toward a methodological comprehension based on 3 dimensions that have already been mentioned in the literature: the Initial Approach, which shows that these workers usually initiate their practices with a family or an individual by going after them, seeking bond development with the service. The Specialized Follow-up, in which these workers develop their practices with diversity and creativity, through home visits and activities with group, family or individual, often with other workers, such as social assistance workers. And the Network Articulation, in which a significant movement toward working with the public services available on each territory is identified. Finally, there is still a path to be taken regarding the definition of psychological practices on CREAS, however, there is much to be noticed of what has already been occurring. Thus, academic research on such context is relevant since the inclusion of psychologists who work in this policy may promote an articulation between daily activity and the theoretical and academic reflection, supported by the research.(AU)

Este texto tuvo por objetivo explicar las acciones desarrolladas por psicólogas/os trabajadoras/es en los "Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social" (CREAS) (Centros de Referencia Especializados en Asistencia Social), respecto a las situaciones de violencia intrafamiliar, identificadas por un estudio empírico hecho por una psicóloga-investigadora que actúa en un CREAS. Participaron 12 psicólogas/os que trabajan en estos centros, en siete ciudades del interior de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), donde se llevó a cabo las entrevistas en persona. El análisis de datos apuntó a una comprensión metodológica de tres dimensiones ya destacadas en la bibliografía: la Acogida Inicial, que enseña que estos profesionales generalmente empiezan sus prácticas con una familia o individuo buscando el encuentro para la promoción de la vinculación con el servicio; El Seguimiento Especializado, en el que desarrollan sus prácticas con diversidad y creatividad desde visitas domiciliarias, trabajos con grupos, individuos o familias, generalmente junto a otros profesionales, sobre todo con trabajadores sociales; y Articulación con la Red de Servicios, en la cual se identificó un importante movimiento para el trabajo con otros servicios disponibles en el territorio. Por fin, se observa que todavía hay un camino por recorrer en relación a la definición de las prácticas de psicólogos en CREAS, aunque hay mucho que decir respecto a las prácticas que ya están ocurriendo. Así, se vuelven relevantes las investigaciones académicas en ese contexto por introducir a los profesionales psicólogos trabajadores de la política, las cuales pueden promover una articulación entre la producción del hacer cotidiano y la reflexión teórica y académica sustentada por las investigaciones.(AU)

Fatores de risco psicossociais no trabalho de gestores: revisão sistemática / Psychosocial Risk Factors in the Work of Managers: Systematic Review

Objetivo. Este estudo objetiva sistematizar e avaliar a produção científica nacional e internacional acerca dos fatores de risco psicossociais presentes no trabalho de gestores e como estes afetam sua saúde. Método. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram seguidas as diretrizes do Protocolo PRISMA - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Resultados. Verificou-se que os gestores estão expostos a riscos psicossociais relacionados às categorias tipo e produção de tarefas e saúde e bem-estar. A exposição a estes fatores de risco pode desencadear alterações físicas e mentais na saúde. Foram identificadas ações de intervenção e seus resultados, bem como a necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção e promoção de saúde mental voltadas para gestores.

Objective. This study aims to systematize and evaluate the national and international scientific production about the psychosocial risk factors present in the work of managers and how these affect their health. Method. A systematic review of the literature was done. For its development, the guidelines for conducting a systematic review proposed by the PRISMA Protocol - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. Results. After the process of refining the results, it was found that managers are exposed to psychosocial risks related to the categories types, and production of tasks and health and well-being. The exposure to these risk factors can trigger physical and mental changes in the health of these workers, requiring prevention and mental health promotion actions.

Recorte temporal dos desafios para implementação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) no Brasil: revisão sistemática / Temporal review of the challenges for the implementation of the Psychosocial Attention Network (RAPS) in Brazil: systematic review

A RAPS integra um dos eixos prioritários da Rede de Atenção à Saúde no Brasil. Objetiva-se apontar um panorama referente aos desafios para implementação da RAPS no Brasil. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura por meio de buscas nas bases: Google Acadêmico, Scielo, BDENF, Portal da CAPES, Medline e Lilacs, utilizando-se a associação "Rede de Atenção Psicossocial" e "desafios". Os desafios foram: articulação da rede/efetivação do apoio matricial; recursos materiais e humanos; gestão; assistência tradicional/manicomial e outros. Conclui-se que é primordial que as práticas assistenciais em saúde mental sejam revistas, que profissionais e poder público busquem integrar suas ações e que familiares possam também compor e se reconhecerem como parte importante para o processo do cuidado.

The Psychosocial Attention Network (RAPS) integrates one of the priority axes of the Health Care Network in Brazil. Aim to give an overview of the challenges for implementing RAPS in Brazil. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, by the searching at the bases: Google Academic, Scielo, BDENF, Portal of the CAPES, Medline and Lilacs, using the association "Psychosocial Care Network" and "challenges". The challenges were: articulation of the network/implementation of matrix support; material and human resources; management; traditional/asylum assistance and others. It was concluded that is essential that mental health care practices be reviewed, that professionals and public authorities seek to integrate their actions and that family members can also compose and recognize themselves as an important part of the care process.

Estrés laboral: una revisión de las principales causas consecuencias y estrategias de prevención / Work Stress: A Review of the Main Causes, Consequences, and Prevention Strategies / O estresse no trabalho: uma revisão das principais causas, consequências e estratégias de prevenção

Introducción: El estrés laboral es una enfermedad peligrosa que altera el estado psicológico de la persona, porque genera reacciones y respuestas de tipo emocional, cognitivo, fisiológico y del comportamiento frente a situaciones con alta demanda laboral que sobrepasa los recursos personales y del trabajo. Se considera una problemática de tipo social y económica asociada con factores de riesgo psicosocial y con desencadenantes. Por ello, es fundamental su detección precoz, para evitar sus secuelas y para emplear estilos de afrontamiento. Objetivo: Analizar los referentes teóricos del estrés laboral, teniendo en cuenta sus principales causas, consecuencias y estrategias de prevención en el ámbito laboral. Metodología: Revisión documental disponible en las bases de datos Epistemonikos, ProQuest, Frontiers in Psychology, Academy, Biblioteca Digital, Elsevier, Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO y Science Direct, de estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2020 que incluyeran conceptos de estrés laboral, causas, consecuencias y estrategias de prevención. Se revisaron 60 artículos, y para seleccionar la información se aplicó búsqueda, organización, categorización y análisis de 5554 documentos electrónicos. Se excluyeron 6 estudios relacionados con temas específicos del síndrome de burnout. Conclusiones: El estrés es una problemática prevalente en el contexto organizacional que se genera por múltiples factores asociados con las condiciones laborales y personales y origina en el individuo consecuencias fisiológicas y mentales que afectan su desempeño y productividad. De ahí que sea necesario incentivar una cultura preventiva que fomente la salud de los colaboradores.

Introduction: The labor stress is dangerous disease that alters the psychological state of the person, by generating emotional, cognitive, physiological and behavioral reactions and responses to situa-tions with high work demand that exceeds personal and work resources. It is considered as a social and economic problem associated with psychosocial risk factors and triggers, which, it is essential to attach importance to its early detection and thus avoid its consequences, as well as the use of coping styles. Objective: To analyze the theoretical references of work stress, considering the main causes, conse-quences and prevention strategies in the workplace. Methodology: Documentary review available in the databases Epistemonikos, ProQuest, Frontiers in Psychology, Academy, Bibliotheca Digital, Elsevier, Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria: works published between 2015 and 2020 that include concepts of work stress, causes, consequences and prevention strategies. 60 articles were reviewed to select the information, a search, organization, categorization and analysis of 5554 electronic documents were applied, 6 studies related to specific topics of Burnout syndrome were excluded. Conclusions: Stress is a prevalent problem in the organizational context that is generated by multiple factors associated with the work and personal conditions, originating in the individual consequences of physiological and mental type affecting the performance and the productivity, being necessary to stimulate a preventive culture that promotes the health of the collaborators.

Introdução: O estresse relacionado ao trabalho é uma doença perigosa que altera o estado psicoló-gico da pessoa, pois gera reações emocionais, cognitivas, fisiológicas, comportamentais e respostas a situações com altas exigências de trabalho que excedem os recursos pessoais e de trabalho. É conside-rado um problema social e econômico associados a fatores de risco psicossociais e desencadeadores. É, portanto, essencial detectá-lo cedo, para evitar suas consequências e usar estilos de enfrentamento. Objetivo: Analisar as referências teóricas do estresse relacionado ao trabalho, levando em conta suas principais causas, consequências e estratégias de prevenção no local de trabalho. Metodologia: revisão documental disponível nas bases de dados Epistemonikos, ProQuest, Frontiers in Psychology, Academy, Digital Library, Elsevier, Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO e Science Direct, de estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2020 que incluíam conceitos de estresse relacionado ao trabalho, causas, consequências e estratégias de prevenção. Sessenta artigos foram revisados, e para selecionar as informações, foi aplicada uma pesquisa onde foram organizados, categorizados e analisados 5554 documentos eletrônicos. Foram excluídos seis estudos relacionados a questões específicas da Síndro-me de Burnout. Conclusões: O estresse é um problema predominante no contexto organizacional que é gerado por múltiplos fatores associados às condições de trabalho e pessoais, e causa consequências fisiológicas e mentais no indivíduo que afetam seu desempenho e produtividade. Portanto, é necessário incentivar uma cultura preventiva que promova a saúde dos funcionários.Palavras-chave: estresse ocupacional; psicossocial; saúde ocupacional; trabalhadores.

Médicos, enfermeras y pacientes: entre las contradicciones, la incertidumbre y las carencias en tiempo de covid-19 en México / Doctors, nurses and patients: dealing with contradictions, uncertainty and shortages during covid-19 in Mexico

Resumen La pandemia de covid-19 puso al descubierto las innumerables carencias que durante décadas han formado parte del inequitativo y fragmentado sistema nacional de salud. Las siguientes reflexiones tienen como propósito central enunciar la fragilidad en la que labora el personal de salud en México, al igual que las contradictorias declaraciones que han acompañado el desarrollo de la pandemia en el país, una conjunción de elementos que han acentuado la incertidumbre frente a la nueva enfermedad y su manejo.

Abstract The covid-19 pandemic revealed the innumerable shortages that have characterized the nation's inequitable and fragmentary health care system for decades. The main goal of the following reflections is to outline the precarity of working conditions for health care personnel in Mexico, as well as the contradictory statements issued as the epidemic developed in the country, a combination of factors that magnified uncertainty about the new disease and how to deal with it.

Necessidades pessoais de enfermeiros durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em Mato Grosso / Personal needs of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mato Grosso / Necesidades personales de enfermeras durante la pandemia da COVID-19 em Mato Grosso

Objetivo: Identificar as necessidades pessoais de Enfermeiros durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em Mato Grosso. Método: estudo exploratório e qualitativo, realizado em abril de 2020, com Enfermeiros do estado de Mato Grosso. Utilizou-se o discurso do sujeito coletivo e a Teoria das Necessidades Humanas de Maslow. Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram necessidades intermediárias (segurança e sociais) quanto as categorias da teoria de Maslow. Em relação aos discursos foram obtidas quatro ideias centrais: autocuidado, necessidade de afeto, compreensão do distanciamento e prejuízos na relação conjugal. Conclusões: As necessidades pessoais dos Enfermeiros refletem o impacto das medidas protetivas recomendadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 tanto no contexto laboral como familiar. Descritores: Pandemias; Coronavirus; Pessoal de Saúde; Carência Psicossocial.(AU)

Objective: To identify the personal needs of Nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mato Grosso. Method: exploratory and qualitative study, conducted in April 2020, with Nurses from the state of Mato Grosso. The collective subject discourse and Maslow Theory of Human Needs were used. Results: The participants presented intermediate needs (security and social) regarding the categories of Maslow theory. Regarding the speeches, four central ideas were obtained: self-care, need for affection, understanding of distance and losses in the marital relationship. Conclusions: Nurse personal needs reflect the impact of the protective measures recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic in both the work and family context. Descriptors: Pandemics; Coronavirus; Health Personnel; Psychosocial Deprivation.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar las necesidades personales de las Enfermeras durante la pandemia da COVID-19 en Mato Grosso. Metodo: estudio exploratorio y cualitativo, realizado en abril de 2020, con Enfermeras del estado de Mato Grosso. Se utilizó el discurso del sujeto colectivo y la Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas de Maslow. Resultados: Los participantes presentaron necesidades intermedias (seguridad y sociales) en relación con las categorías de la teoría de Maslow. Con respecto a los discursos, se obtuvieron cuatro ideas centrales: autocuidado, necesidad de afecto, comprensión de la distancia y pérdidas en la relación matrimonial. Conclusiones: Las necesidades personales de las Enfermeras reflejan el impacto de las medidas de protección recomendadas durante la pandemia da COVID-19, tanto en el contexto laboral como familiar. (AU)

Factores psicosociales asociados a la depresión en gestantes atendidas en un centro materno infantil peruano, 2018 / Psychosocial factors associated with depression in pregnant women treated in a peruvian maternal and child center, 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: La evidencia reporta que más del 20% de las gestantes peruanas presentan depresión, lo cual acarrea complicaciones maternas y problemas neurológicos en el infante. OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores psicosociales que se asocian a la depresión durante el embarazo. MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles donde participaron 95 gestantes atendidas en un centro de atención primaria. La depresión fue tamizada mediante el Cuestionario de la salud del paciente (PHQ-9). El análisis bivariado se realizó mediante la prueba Chi cuadrado de Pearson y el multivariado mediante regresión logística, considerando un nivel de confianza del 95%. RESULTADOS: De las gestantes con depresión, un 57.14% presentó depresión leve y un 36, 73% moderada. Entre los factores asociados (p<0.05) se encontraron el haber presentado un embarazo de bajo riesgo (OR=0.34; IC95%:0.14-0.88), presentar un embarazo no deseado (OR=3.07; IC95%:1.17-8.03), presentar antecedentes de depresión en la infancia (OR=2.72; IC95%:1.04-7.14) y no haber consumido alcohol durante la gestación (OR=0.35; IC95%:0.14-0.89). CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo para presentar depresión durante el embarazo fueron el haber presentado un embarazo no deseado y antecedentes de depresión durante la infancia, mientras que los factores protectores fueron no haber consumido alcohol durante el embarazo y el considerar a su embarazo de bajo riesgo.

INTRODUCTION: Evidence reports that more than 20% of pregnant women in Peru have depression, leading to maternal and neurological problems in the infant. OBJECTIVE: To identify the psychosocial factors that are associated with depression during pregnancy. METHODS: Case-control study that involved 95 pregnant women assisting to a primary care centre. Depression was screened using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). For bivariate analysis Pearson's and Chi square test was performed and for multivariate logistic regression was used, considered a 95% confidence level. RESULTS: Of pregnant women with depression, 57.14% presented level depression and 36, 73% moderate. Among the associated factors (p <0.05) were having a low risk pregnancy (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14-0.88), presenting an unwanted pregnancy (OR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.17-8.03), present a history of depression in childhood (OR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.04-7.14) and have not consumed alcohol during pregnancy (OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for presenting depression during pregnancy were having had an unwanted pregnancy and a history of depression during childhood, while the protective factors were not having consumed alcohol during pregnancy and considering their pregnancy to be low risk.

Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 y la cuarentena en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres viviendo con VIH en Argentina / mpact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown among Men who have sex with Men living with HIV in Argentina

Introducción: Las personas que viven con VIH (PVV) tienen mayor riesgo de complicaciones de salud mental. Para mitigar la propagación del COVID-19 en nuestro país se estableció una cuarentena temprana. Estudiamos el impacto del estrés relacionado con COVID-19 y la cuarentena en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres que viven con VIH (HSHV) en Argentina.Materiales y métodos: Realizamos una encuesta anónima en abril-mayo de 2020. Se incluyeron PVV en seguimiento en una institución privada en Argentina. Se evaluaron la adherencia a medidas preventivas de COVID-19 y al tratamiento antirretroviral, el acceso a recursos, factores psicosociales y el consumo de sustancias durante la cuarentena. Este análisis se centró en los resultados de HSHV.Resultados: Entre 1336 participantes incluidos, 596 se autoreportaron HSHV (mediana de edad de 44 años, RIC 35-52). La adherencia a la cuarentena fue del 96,8%; la pérdida de empleo en el hogar 55,4%. Se observó interrupción en la obtención de medicamentos antirretrovirales en el 4,9% y el 29,9% reportó adherencia subóptima. Los problemas de salud mental fueron frecuentes: depresión (14,1%), soledad (15,6%) y ansiedad (20,2%).Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio evidenció alta adherencia a las medidas preventivas al inicio de la cuarentena y dificultades en el acceso a los servicios de salud. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha comprometido la economía del país; este estudio muestra su impacto en el acceso de los HSHV a recursos básicos. Dado que la salud mental de los HSHV ha sido afectada, la pandemia resalta la necesidad de una visión integral de la salud de nuestros pacientes

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of mental health complications. In order to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in our country, an early quarantine was established. We studied the impact of COVID-19-related stress and quarantine in men who have sex with men living with HIV(MSMLH) in Argentina.Materials and methods: An anonymous survey was conducted between April and May 2020. PLWH in follow-up at a private institution in Argentina were included. We assessed adherence to preventive measures of COVID-19 and antiretroviral treatment, access to resources, psychosocial factors and substance use during quarantine. This analysis focused on MSMLH results.Results: Among 1336 participants included, 596 self-reported as MSMLH (median age 44, IQR 35-52). Quarantine adherence was 96.8%; household job loss 55.4%. Interruption to access to antiretroviral medication was observed in 4.9% and 29.9% reported suboptimal adherence. Mental health problems were common: depression (14.1%), loneliness (15.6%) anxiety (20.2%).Conclusions: Our study showed high adherence to preventive measures during the beginning of lockdown and difficulties to access health services. The COVID-19 pandemic has compromised the country's economy; this study shows its impact on MSMLH access to basic resources. Since MSMLH mental health has been affected, the pandemic highlights the need of a comprehensive approach to our patients' health

Brasil: uma nação contra as suas minorias / Brazil: a nation against its minorities / Brasil: una nación contra sus minorías

O artigo aborda a violência racial e o efeito de pensamento vindo de perspectivas minoritárias sobre o genocídio étnico-racial no Brasil. Ao seguir as pistas de uma perspectiva religiosa afro-brasileira sobre pretos velhos, o artigo sonda uma filosofia do tempo que insiste sobre a persistência atual da escravidão. E se, como parece sugerir a religiosidade afro-brasileira, o sistema de escravidão negra iniciado no século XV não terminou? A primeira seção do artigo esboça uma etnografia para retirar consequências dessa proposição sobre a duração do sistema escravista. Na segunda parte, o artigo articula essa proposição a posicionamentos do ativismo antirracista do movimento negro. Por fim se sugere uma leitura da relação entre a problemática racial e os limites da democracia brasileira (AU)

This paper approaches the racial violence and the effects of the thought of the minority perspectives about ethnic-racial genocide in Brasil. Following the leads of an afro-brazilian religious perspective about the preto velho, the article probes a time philosophy that insists in the endurance of the current slavery. And as the afro-Brazilian religiosity suggests, has the black slavery system, that initiated in the 15th century, finished yet? The first section of the article sketches an ethnography to get to the consequences of the proposition concerning the length of the enslavement system. In the second part, the paper articulates this proposition to place the anti-racist activism in the black movement. Finally, it suggests a possible relation between the racial issue and the brazilian democracy

El artículo aborda la violencia racial y el efecto de pensamiento de las perspectivas minoritarias sobre el genocidio étnico-racial en Brasil. Siguiendo las pistas de una perspectiva religiosa afro-brasileña acerca de los pretos velhos, el artículo indaga una filosofía del tiempo que insiste acerca de la persistencia actual de la esclavitud. Según lo que parece sugerir la religiosidad afro-brasileña, el sistema de esclavitud negra iniciado en el siglo XV ¿ha terminado? La primera sección del artículo esboza una etnografía para retirar consecuencias de esa proposición acerca de la duración del sistema esclavista. En la segunda parte el texto articula esa proposición con posicionamientos del activismo antirracista del movimiento negro. Por fin sugiere una lectura de la relación entre la problemática racial y los límites de la democracia brasileña

Psychosocial conditions and resilience status of street children in Jimma Town

BACKGROUND: Traditional research and practices focused on an investigation of risk factors to handle psychosocial problems street children faced while surviving on the street. However, more recently, attention has been given to how knowledge can be developed in the area to devise interventions that reflect the promotion of resilience as a means of achieving positive outcomes for the children. The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial conditions and resilience status of street children in Jimma Town. METHODS: Explanatory sequential research design was employed. Out of 246 teenager street children, 137 were selected using simple random sampling. Questionnaire, interview guide and FGD probes were used in data collection. Mean and standard deviation, multiple regression analysis and Man Whitney U T-test were used to analyze quantitative data; while discourse analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. RESULTS: The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that anxiety significantly predicted resilience status, b=.623, t (109)=8.418, p˂.001. Anxiety also explained a significant proportion of the variance in resilience status, R2=.388, F (112) = 70.86, p ˂.001. Further, the result revealed that street children had slow growing resilience status in which boys were more resilient than girls. CONCLUSION: Street children in Jimma Town faced various psychosocial challenges and had low resilience status. Thus, Jimma Town Women and Children Affairs Office ought to work to build resilience status of street children, in collaboration with different stakeholders in and around the town

Excesso de peso, ambiente percebido e privação social: um estudo da percepção de pais ou responsáveis / Overweight, perceived environment, and social deprivation: a study on the perception of parents or guardians

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a percepção de pais ou responsáveis sobre a proximidade residencial a locais de venda de alimentos, de lazer e de atividade física segundo a privação social da vizinhança e testar associações do ambiente percebido com o excesso de peso de seus filhos. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido com 408 crianças e adolescentes (6 a 15 anos de idade) de escolas públicas de um município de médio porte brasileiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de 2011 a 2014. Foram determinados a presença de excesso de peso e o tempo de deslocamento da residência dos participantes aos locais avaliados, questionados durante entrevista telefônica com instrumento de pesquisa estruturado. O indicador de privação social adotado foi o Índice de Vulnerabilidade da Saúde. Modelos de regressão logística foram construídos para predizer a proximidade percebida (privação social como variável explicativa) e para avaliar os fatores do ambiente percebido (variáveis explicativas) associados ao excesso de peso (desfecho). Resultados: Moradores de áreas com maior vulnerabilidade social apresentaram chances de percepção de proximidade 50 a 71% menores para supermercados, feiras/sacolões, parques, áreas de lazer/centros comunitários e academias de ginástica, quando comparados a residentes de áreas com menor vulnerabilidade. A percepção de proximidade a parques reduziu em 73% a chance de excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes, com Odds Ratio (OR) de 0,27 (IC95% 0,07-0,95; p<0,05). Conclusões: A percepção ambiental sobre a infraestrutura da área residencial pode estar relacionada com a privação social da vizinhança e a presença de excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate parents' or guardians' perception of their residential proximity to food retailers, leisure areas, and spaces for physical activity according to neighborhood social deprivation, and test associations between the perceived environment and their children's overweight. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 408 children and adolescents (6- to 15-year-olds) attending public schools in a medium-sized Brazilian city. Data were collected from 2011 to 2014. A telephone interview using a structured research tool determined the presence of overweight and the walking time between the participants' home and the places evaluated. The indicator of social deprivation adopted was the Health Vulnerability Index. Logistic regression models were constructed to predict the perception of proximity (social deprivation as an explanatory variable) and evaluate perceived environmental factors (explanatory variables) associated with overweight (outcome). Results: Residents of areas with higher social vulnerability showed a probability of perceived proximity 50 to 71% lower to supermarkets, street/produce markets, parks, recreation areas/community centers, and gyms compared to residents of less vulnerable areas. The perceived proximity to parks reduced the chance of overweight in children and adolescents in 73%, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.27 (95%CI 0.07-0.95; p<0.05). Conclusions: The perceived environment of the residential area infrastructure might be related to neighborhood social deprivation and the presence of overweight in children and adolescents.

The Association of Workplace Psychosocial Factors and Musculoskeletal Pain Among Korean Emotional Laborers

BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported negative psychological or physical effects of emotional labor. Relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorder and psychosocial factors has been reported. To manage organizational and psychosocial factors of musculoskeletal disorder with work place intervention among emotional laborers, the factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain must be identified and clarified. METHODS: Data from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey was analyzed. Based on the questionnaire, we selected emotional laborers and included 3,979 participants, excluding participants whose variables were of interest to the researcher. Weight variable was applied. The association with musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial factors, such as workload, monotonous work, job control, social support, and job satisfaction, was investigated. RESULTS: Univariate analysis demonstrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between social support, job satisfaction, and musculoskeletal pain. In multivariate analysis, job satisfaction showed a strong correlation with musculoskeletal pain at all sites. Social support was significantly associated with backache. Monotonous work seemed to reduce the pain in the neck and/or upper limbs. Job control and work intensity were not significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSION: In this study, job satisfaction was significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain, and social support among the social psychological stressors could reduce musculoskeletal pain. However, unlike previously known, the presence of monotonous work resulted in reduced musculoskeletal pain. The results of this study will help to establish the direction of improvement of atmosphere in the workplace to prevent the musculoskeletal pain of emotional laborers.

Comprendiendo el impacto de los síntomas depresivos en la funcionalidad de las personas mayores / Understanding the impact of depressive symptoms in older-adults functionality

Resumen Introducción: La depresión es la condición de salud que genera mayor carga de enfermedad, donde los adultos mayores manifiestan un gran impacto asociado a esta enfermedad. Este artículo busca describir el impacto que tienen los síntomas depresivos en la funcionalidad de la persona mayor y comprender la relación existente entre la pérdida funcional y la depresión. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura de artículos publicados entre los años 1990 y 2016. Se realizó un análisis narrativo de la evidencia encontrada, incluyendo un total de 40 artículos. Resultados: Una de las repercusiones más importantes es la pérdida de la funcionalidad y reducción de la participación en actividades de la vida diaria, asociándose a una dependencia progresiva, mayor riesgo de caídas y temor a caerse, restricción y reducción en la participación en actividades de interés, y peores resultados en procesos de rehabilitación. De esto se desprende la necesidad de entender los síntomas depresivos en conjunto con las repercusiones funcionales en el adulto mayor, comprendiendo que existe una relación recíproca entre la capacidad que tiene la persona mayor para realizar sus actividades diarias y la presencia de síntomas depresivos. Conclusión: Considerar el impacto clínico y psicosocial que tienen la depresión en la funcionalidad de la persona mayor podría contribuir al entendimiento de los síntomas depresivos como un problema de impacto global que requiere de un abordaje integral.

Introduction: Depression is the health conditions that generate a higher disease burden, where the older adults show a great impact related to this disease. The article describes the impact of depressive symptoms in the functional performance of older adults and seeks to understand the existing relationship between functional impairment and depressive symptoms. Method: a literature review was conducted of articles published between years 1990 to 2016. A narrative analysis was conducted with the finding literature. 40 articles were included. Results: One of the main repercussions is the functional impairment and the reduction in the daily life activities participation, related to a progressive dependency, higher fall risk and fear to falls, restriction and reduction of participation in meaningful activities, and worst rehabilitation and health care outcomes. Considering these elements, it is necessary to understand depressive symptoms in older adults in conjunction with functional impairments, incorporating the reciprocal relationship between older adult's capability to perform daily life activities and depressive symptoms manifestation. Conclusion: to consider the clinical and psychosocial impact of depression on functional performance of older adults could be a contribution in the understanding of depressive symptoms as a global impact problem that requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Satisfacción personal de mujeres en condiciones de vulnerabilidad de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco / Personal satisfaction of women in conditions of vulnerability of Ciudad Guzman, Jalisco

Resumen Introducción: Las mujeres en condiciones de vulnerabilidad de sectores específicos de la población deben lidiar con circunstancias que ponen en riesgo su autoestima y satisfacción personal con la vida que llevan. Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de satisfacción de las mujeres en condiciones de vulnerabilidad de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, a partir de la autopercepción que muestran de su situación de vida. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional llevado a cabo en junio de 2016. Participaron 122 mujeres beneficiarias de despensa, que respondieron al instrumento ISPRELEBA. Se comparó el puntaje global de insatisfacción con las condiciones de vulnerabilidad y las variantes sociodemográficas con una prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Los sectores vulnerables que mayores niveles de insatisfacción personal presentan son las mujeres solas o en viudez, las embarazadas y en periodo de lactancia, cuyo nivel de estudios no cubre la escuela básica. Conclusiones: Se encontraron escasas iniciativas para atender problemas emocionales de las involucradas. Se sugiere un programa de atención psicológica e integración social que estimule el progreso individual de las mujeres vulnerables.

Abstract Introduction: The vulnerability conditions of specific sectors of population have to deal with circumstances that jeopardize their self-concept and personal satisfaction with their lifestyle. Objective: Evaluate the satisfaction levels of women in conditions of vulnerability in Ciudad Guzman, Jalisco, according to the self-perception of their life situation. Methodology: Correlational descriptive study implemented in June 2016. 122 beneficiary women answered the ISP-RELEBA instrument. The global score of dissatisfaction was compared with the vulnerability conditions and sociodemographic variables with a Pearson's Chi-squared test. Results: The vulnerable sectors with highest personal dissatisfaction levels are lonely women and widows, followed by pregnant and breastfeeding women, whose educational levels do not cover the basic school. Conclusion: There are few initiatives to attend to the psychological problems of those involved. It is suggested a psychological assistant and social integration program which stimulate the individual progress of vulnerable women.

Prevención de la carencia afectiva crónica: nuevos paradigmas en el modelo de familia de acogida temporal / Preventing chronic emotional deprivation: new paradigms in the foster family model

In Chile, most of infants whose biological family is not able to offer them a proper care are referred to a national child protection system and are early institutionalized. During their stay in the hospital and into childcare institution these infants lack of an exclusive and stable affect figure. This situation jeopardizes the child proper neurologic, affective and social development, commonly resulting in Chronic Emotional Deprivation. In this article the authors show a concise review of this concept and propose a novel foster family program, in an attempt to prevent and mitigate the occurrence of this disorder. The proposed program offers psychotherapeutic support and is based on the existence of a foster family having a one-time-only experience with exclusive dedication to just one child. This temporary family does not receive economic retribution and has the possibility to maintain contact with the child after his incorporation to a definitive family. The theoretical differences of the proposed program with the currently ongoing programs are explored and a clinical vignette is shown.

En Chile, la mayor parte de los recién nacidos que no cuentan con los cuidados de su familia de origen son derivados al sistema de protección y sometidos a una institucionalización temprana. Durante el periodo de internación -primero en el recinto asistencial y luego en una residencia para lactantes- el bebé carece de una figura de afecto exclusiva y estable. Esta situación compromete significativamente su desarrollo, siendo habitual en estos casos la presencia de un cuadro de Carencia Afectiva Crónica. Los autores brindan una breve revisión sobre este concepto e introducen un innovador programa de Familia de Acogida Temporal (FAT) que busca mitigar y prevenir el desarrollo de este cuadro. A diferencia de los programas actualmente en curso, se entrega un apoyo psicoterapéutico y se promueve que la familia de acogida temporal realice una única experiencia con dedicación exclusiva a un recién nacido, sin recibir remuneración económica por esta labor y con la posibilidad de mantener el vínculo con el infante después de su integración a una familia definitiva. Para dar cuenta del proceso psicoterapéutico, los autores entregan una viñeta clínica.

Relación entre característica resilientes y riesgo psicosocial en personas con discapacidad / Relationship between resilient characteristics and psychosocial risk in people disabilities

La discapacidad permanente o transitoria es un indicador que incrementa diariamente a nivel mun-dial, afectando las funciones familiares, sociales, laborales, económicas y psicológicas de las perso-nas. Objetivo: Conocer la relación existente entre las características resilientes y el nivel de riesgo psicosocial en personas con discapacidad. Método: La investigación fue cuantitativa, correlacional, con muestreo no probabilístico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 119 personas con discapacidad física que se encontraban vinculadas laboralmente en 6 departamentos de Colombia. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos, la Escala de Resiliencia de Wagnild y Young adaptada por Novella en 2002 y el Cuestionario de factores de riesgo psicosocial intralaboral forma A y B creado por el Ministerio de la Protección Social (2010). Resultados: Se encontró una relación inversa entre los factores resilientes asociados al nivel de riesgo psicosocial, a menor resiliencia mayor es el nivel de riesgo en las carac-terísticas de liderazgo, en las recompensas derivadas de la pertinencia a la organización y del trabajo que se realiza y en reconocimiento y compensación; sin embargo, a mayor resiliencia mayor es el riesgo en las demandas de carga mental. Discusión: Las personas con discapacidad física vinculadas laboralmente presentan menos riesgos psicosociales intralaborales, considerándose como factor de protección la resiliencia. Ante la carencia de investigaciones sobre el tema es relevante no solo evaluar los riesgos en dicha población sino brindar información a las organizaciones conducentes a generar cambios hacia la inclusión.

Permanent or temporary disability is an indicator that increases daily worldwide, it affects people's familiar, social, working, economic and psychological functions. Objective: To determine the rela-tionship between the resilient characteristics and the level of psychosocial risk in people with disabili-ties. Method: The research was quantitative, correlational with non-probability sampling. The sample consisted of 119 individuals with physical disabilities who were occupationally related in 6 depart-ments of Colombia. Two instruments were used: the Resilience Scale of Young and Wagnild adap-ted by Novella (2002), and the Questionnaire of psychosocial risk factors in professional environ-ments, form A and B, established by the Ministry of Social Protection (2010) were applied. Results:An inverse relationship between the resilient factors associated with the level of psychosocial risk was found. The lower the resilience is, the greater level of risk there is in the characteristics of leadership, rewards derived from the relevance to the organization, the work done, and in recognition found and compensation; however, the greater resilience is, the greater is the risk of mental workload demands. Discussion: Employed people with physical disabilities have fewer psychosocial risks in professional environments, considering resilience as a protective factor. To address the lack of research on this sub-ject, it is necessary not only to evaluate the risks of this population, but also to provide information to the relevant organizations about this subject that contributes to produce changes towards inclusion.

Impactos que geram impasse frente à vulnerabilidade psicossocial / Impacts that generate impasses in face of psychosocial vulnerability

O artigo utiliza o mito de Sísifo para ilustrar o trabalho que um grupo de psicanalistas da SPPA realiza desde 2006 em parceria com a SMED (Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre) e, a partir de 2013, com o Projeto Pescar/POA. Apresenta uma contextualização e relato de ambas as experiências através de vinhetas. Salienta que este trabalho, fora dos consultórios, desperta muitas inquietações e sentimentos de impotência. Obriga-nos a sair da posição do saber até a de sentir o desamparo frente à extrema violência. A banalização da violência tenderia a prejudicar nossa escuta? Primo Levi (1988) e Boris Cyrulnik (2009), que sobreviveram aos campos de concentração, nos ensinam a importância da palavra para dar um sentido possível ao sem sentido; destacam a possibilidade de mudar o sentimento íntimo de uma pessoa a partir do relato de suas experiências. Nos grupos de adolescentes, nos encontros com as famílias do Projeto Pescar e nas rodas de conversa com educadores e assessores da SMED, tentamos criar um espaço transicional que favoreça a criação de metáforas possíveis que ampliem a capacidade dos sujeitos de dar conta de seus impasses (Botbol, 2013)(AU)

This article draws upon the myth of Sisyphus to illustrate the work that a group of psychoanalysts of the Psychoanalytic Society of Porto Alegre has been undertaking since 2006 with the City Education Department of Porto Alegre (SMED) and, from 2013 on, with Pescar Project/POA. It presents a contextualization and a report of both experiences through vignettes. This work, outside the offices, often raises feelings of restlessness and powerlessness, demanding us to leave the position of knowing to assume that of feeling the helplessness in face of extreme violence. Could the banalization of violence impair our listening? Primo Levi (1988) and Boris Cyrulnik (2009), who have survived concentration camps, teach us the importance of the word to give a possible meaning to what is meaningless, highlighting the possibility of changing a person's intimate feeling by recounting his/her experiences. In adolescent groups, in the family meetings of Pescar Project and in conversations with SMED educators and assistants, we have tried to create a transitional space that favors the creation of possible metaphors to broaden the ability of subjects to tackle their impasses (Botbol, 2013)(AU)

En este artículo, se utiliza el mito de Sísifo para ilustrar el trabajo que realiza un grupo de psicoanalistas de la SPPA desde 2006 en alianza con la Secretaría Municipal de Educación de la Alcaldía Municipal de Porto Alegre (SMED) y, a partir de 2013, con el Proyecto Pescar, también de Porto Alegre. Se presenta una contextualización y el relato de ambas experiencias por medio de viñetas. Se señala que este trabajo, fuera de los consultorios, despierta muchas inquietudes y sentimientos de impotencia, obligándonos a salir de la posición del saber para experimentar la de sentir el desamparo frente a la extrema violencia. ¿La banalización de la violencia tendería a perjudicar nuestra escucha? Primo Levi (1988) y Boris Cyrulnik (2009), que sobrevivieron a los campos de concentración, nos enseñan la importancia de la palabra para dar un sentido posible al sin sentido. Ellos resaltan la posibilidad de cambiar el sentimiento íntimo de una persona a partir del relato de sus experiencias. En los grupos de adolescentes, en los encuentros con las familias del Proyecto Pescar y en las ruedas de conversación con educadores y asesores de la SMED, intentamos crear un espacio transicional que favorezca la creación de metáforas posibles que amplíen la capacidad de los sujetos de dar cuenta de sus impasses (Botbol, 2013)(AU)

Sísifo em nós. Considerações a respeito de parcerias da SPPA com a comunidade / Sisyphus within us. Considerations regarding SPPA partnerships with the community

O texto coloca em discussão aspectos e questões relativas aos relatos da experiência de encontros de psicanalistas com educadores da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Porto Alegre (SMED) e com jovens considerados vulneráveis socialmente. A perspectiva que o conduz advém das áreas das ciências humanas e sociais, como a filosofia, a história e a sociologia, buscando entrelaçamentos críticos com o referencial da prática psicanalítica operada junto ao setting grupal e social. Tendo sido objeto de uma apresentação oral, não comporta a citação de referências bibliográficas, tendo-se procurado, nesta versão adaptada, manter fidelidade à sua primeira apresentação no XVIII Simpósio de Psicanálise da Infância e Adolescência: impasses contemporâneos na psicanálise, promovido e realizado na Sociedade Psicanalítica de Porto Alegre, em junho de 2016(AU)

This text considers issues and questions related to experiential accounts of meetings between psychoanalysts, educators from the City Education Department of Porto Alegre (SMED), and socially vulnerable youth. The perspective guiding this enquiry stems from diverse areas of the human and social sciences, such as philosophy, history and sociology, seeking to create critical links referenced to psychoanalytic practice developed in conjunction with social and group settings. Having been originally delivered as an oral presentation, the paper does not provide citations or bibliographical references, having sought, in this adaptation, to keep the spirit as faithful as possible to its first presentation at the XVIII Psychoanalysis Symposium on Childhood and Adolescence: contemporary impasses in psychoanalysis, underwritten and produced by the Psychoanalytic Society of Porto Alegre, in June 2016(AU)

El texto pone en discusión aspectos y cuestiones relativos a informes sobre la experiencia de los encuentros de los psicoanalistas con profesores del Departamento Municipal de Educación de Porto Alegre (SMED) y con jóvenes considerados socialmente vulnerables. La perspectiva que nos orienta proviene de las áreas de las ciencias humanas y sociales, como la filosofía, la historia y la sociología, en busca de entrelazamientos críticos referenciados a una práctica psicoanalítica operada conjuntamente con los entornos grupal y social. Por haber sido una presentación oral, no incluye referencias bibliográficas, habiendo buscado en esta versión adaptada mantener una fidelidad con su primera presentación en el XVIII Simposio de Psicoanálisis de la Infancia y Adolescencia: impasses contemporáneos en el psicoanálisis, promovido y realizado en la Sociedad Psicoanalítica de Porto Alegre, en junio de 2016(AU)

Apoyo mutuo, liderazgo afectivo y experiencia clínica comunitaria: acompañamiento psicosocial para la “rehabilitación” de víctimas del conflicto armado / Mutual support, affective leadership, and community rehabilitation: an experience of psychosocial accompaniment for the “rehabilitation” of victims of the armed conflict

Se presenta la sistematización de una experiencia de acompañamiento psicosocial a víctimas del conflicto armado en la ciudad de Medellín. Este estudio, permitió comprender y evidenciar que las estrategias de fortalecimiento comunitario, la formación de líderes y lideresas afectivos/as, el apoyo entre iguales, la acción psicosocial desde la potenciación de las comunidades y sus redes de apoyo, son acciones pertinentes para generar empoderamiento personal y colectivo, recuperación emocional, transformaciones subjetivas y experiencias de reconstrucción deproyectos de vida, del tejido social y redignificación de víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia. Se propone así, desarrollar procesos de reparación integral desde las comunidades más que ejecutar, desde arriba y de formavertical, proyectos por lo general, alejados de las necesidades y posibilidades de la gente.

The systematization of an experience of psychosocial accompaniment to victims of the armed conflict in the city of Medellin is introduced. This study allowed to understand and to demonstrate that the strategies forcommunity strengthening, the training of leaders and affective men and women leaders, the peer support, thepsychosocial action from the empowerment of communities and their support networks, are necessary actions to generate personal and collective empowerment, emotional recovery, subjective transformations, and experiences of reconstruction of projects of life, the social fabric, and the re-dignification of victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. It is therefore proposed to develop processes of integral repair from the communities rather than to carry out, from above and vertically, projects, usually away from the needs and possibilities of the people.

Manejo integral del paciente con esquizofrenia: más allá de los psicofármacos / Integrated management of patients with schizophrenia: beyond psychotropic drugs

Introducción: La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad compleja con graves repercusiones funcionales, por lo que amerita un tratamiento que vaya más allá de los fármacos. Desarrollo del tema: Se requiere un enfoque que, considerando el proceso de diátesis estrés, incluya la rehabilitación, estrategias psicoterapéuticas para los síntomas cognitivos, negativos y psicóticos persistentes, psicoeducación del paciente y las comunidades, estrategias para la adaptación en comunidad como introducción a la fuerza laboral y el modelo comunitario como cambio del paradigma manicomial. Discusión: Es necesario que se establezcan iniciativas privadas y públicas para la atención integral de la esquizofrenia en el país, abogando por el bienestar de quienes la padecen. Conclusiones: El manejo integral del paciente con esquizofrenia requiere una mirada global de este y su enfermedad y es imperativo su desarrollo.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex disease with severe functional repercussions; therefore it merits treatment which goes beyond drugs. Theme development: It requires an approach that considers a diathesis-stress process that includes rehabilitation, psychotherapeutic strategies for persistent cognitive, negative and psychotic symptoms, psychoeducation of patient and communities, community adaptation strategies, such as the introduction to the work force, and the community model, such as a change in the asylum paradigm. Discussion: It is necessary to establish private and public initiatives for the integrated care of schizophrenia in the country, advocating the well-being of those with the disease. Conclusions: The integrated management of schizophrenic patients requires a global view of the patient and his/her disease, and its development is essential.