Breaking paradigms in severe epistaxis: the importance of looking for the S-point / Quebrando paradigmas na epistaxe grave: a importância de procurar o S-point

Abstract Introduction: Since the introduction of nasal endoscopy into the field of Otorhinolaryngology, the treatment paradigm for cases of severe epistaxis has shifted toward early and precise identification of the bleeding site. Although severe epistaxis is usually considered to arise from posterior bleeding, an arterial vascular pedicle in the superior portion of the nasal septum, around the axilla projection of the middle turbinate, posterior to the septal body, frequently has been observed. That vascular pedicle was named the Stamm's S-point. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the S-point and report cases of severe epistaxis originating from it. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. Nine patients with spontaneous severe epistaxis, where the S-point was identified as the source of bleeding, were treated between March 2016 and March 2017. Results: Male predominance (77.8%) with age average of 59.3 years old were reported. Most cases presented comorbidities (88.9%) and were not taking acetylsalicylic acid (66.7%). A predominance of left sided involvement (55.6%) and anteroposterior bleeding being the principal initial presentation (77.8%) was seen. Six patients (66.7%) presented with hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL, and four (44.4%) required blood transfusion. Cauterization of S-point was performed in all patients, with complete resolution of bleeding. No patient experienced recurrence of severe epistaxis. Conclusion: The Stamm's S-point, a novel source of spontaneous severe epistaxis, is reported, and its cauterization was effective and safe. Otolaryngologists must actively seek this site of bleeding in cases of severe epistaxis.

Resumo Introdução: Desde a introdução da endoscopia nasal no campo de otorrinolaringologia, o paradigma de tratamento para casos graves de epistaxe voltou-se para a identificação precoce e correta do local de sangramento. Embora a epistaxe grave seja geralmente considerada uma hemorragia posterior, um pedículo vascular arterial tem sido frequentemente observado na porção superior do septo nasal, ao redor da projeção da axila da concha média, posterior ao tubérculo septal. Esse pedículo vascular foi chamado de Stamm's S-point. Objetivo: Descrever o S-point e relatar casos graves de epistaxe que se originam nesse local. Método: Um estudo retrospectivo de série de casos foi conduzido. Nove pacientes com epistaxe grave espontânea, na qual o S-point foi identificado como a fonte do sangramento, foram tratados de março de 2016 a março de 2017. Resultados: Houve predominância do sexo masculino (77,8%) com média de 59,3 anos. A maioria dos casos apresentava comorbidades (88,9%), mas sem uso de ácido acetilsalicílico (66,7%). Observou-se predominância do lado esquerdo (55,6%) com sangramento anteroposterior como a principal apresentação inicial (77,8%). Seis pacientes (66,7%) apresentaram níveis de hemoglobina inferiores a 10 g/dL e quatro (44,4%) necessitaram de transfusão sanguínea. Cauterização do S-point foi feita em todos os pacientes, com resolução completa do sangramento. Nenhum paciente apresentou recorrência de epistaxe grave. Conclusão: O Stamm's S-point é relatado como uma nova região de origem de epistaxe grave espontânea e o tratamento feito com cauterização foi eficaz e seguro. Os otorrinolaringologistas devem buscar ativamente esse local de sangramento em casos de epistaxe grave.

Corneal angiogenesis based on different protocols of alkaline cauterization in murine models

Abstract Purpose: To establish and compare protocols of alkaline cauterization for inducing corneal angiogenesis in murine models. Methods: Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (G1, G2, G3, and G4). The right eye cornea from each rat was cauterized using filter paper (3 mm), soaked in a solution of silver and potassium nitrates (3:1). Cauterization times were 10 (G1 and G4), or 20 seconds (G2 and G3). Cauterized corneas were washed with Ringer's lactate solution. The filter paper was either removed before washing (G1 and G2), or kept on the corneas (G3 and G4). Corneas were photographed at multiple time points (2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, and 15 days after the procedure), and neovascularization parameters were assayed. Results: Neovascularization was observed in 66% of G1 corneas, and 100% of G2, G3, and G4 corneas. On day 15, G1 corneas showed smaller vascularized areas (12.63 ± 12.59%) compared to those in the G3 (41.95 ± 17.32%) and G4 (33 ± 11.74%) (P < 0.05) groups. Conclusions: The silver and potassium nitrate solution effectively induced corneal angiogenesis. The G2, G3, and G4 protocols showed excellent reproducibility, and induced vascularization in 100% of corneas.

Prospective comparison of ligation and bipolar cautery technique in non-scalpel vasectomy

Objectives: There is no trial comparing bipolar cautery and ligation for occlusion of vas in non-scalpel vasectomy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these vasectomy occlusion techniques. Materials and Methods: Between January 2002-June 2009, patients were allocated in alternate order. We recruited 100 cases in cautery group and 100 cases in ligation group. Non-scalpel approach was performed during vasectomy and fascial interposition was performed in all cases. First semen analysis was done 3 months after vasectomy. Vasectomy success was defined as azoospermia or non-motile sperm lower than 100.000/mL. Results: Four patients from the cautery group were switched to the ligation group due to technical problem of cautery device. Thus, data of 96 patients as cautery group and 104 patients as ligation group were evaluated. After vasectomy, semen analyses were obtained from 59 of 96 (61.5%) patients in cautery group and to 66 of 104 (63.5%) patients in ligation group. There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups in terms of the success of vasectomy (p=0.863). Conclusion: Although bipolar cautery technique is safe, effective and feasible in non-scalpel vasectomy, it has no superiority to ligation. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the success and complications between the two groups.

Outcome of silver nitrate cauterization in controlling anterior epistaxis in children

To assess the outcome of silver nitrate cauterization in controlling unilateral spontaneous anterior epistaxis in children in terms of success on initial attempt and complications like recurrence of bleeding, pain, infection, exposure of septal cartilage, septal perforation and stenosis of the nostrils. Cross-Sectional Descriptive This study was conducted at Department of ENT, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, D.I.Khan, from October 2010 to September 2012. All patients having ages between 6-16 years with spontaneous unilateral anterior epistaxis were included in the study. Patients with bilateral anterior epistaxis, posterior epistaxis, post-traumatic epistaxis, and epistaxis due to bleeding diathesis or neoplastic lesions were excluded. Patients were managed by silver nitrate cauterization after packing the nose with ribbon gauze soaked in 4% lidocaine and adrenaline 1:1,000 in equal amounts for 5-10 minutes. Furacin antibiotic ointment was applied to the cauterized area and was continued two times daily for two weeks. All patients were reviewed fortnightly for six weeks. Mean age of the patients was 10.43 +/- 3.23 years with 49 [65.35%] males and 26 [34.65%] females. Silver nitrate cauterization was successful on initial attempt in 69 [92%] patients. Recurrence of bleeding, infection and exposure of septal cartilage were noted in 7 [9.35%], 2 [2.65%] and 1 [1.33%] cases respectively. The increased success rate and decreased post procedure morbidity associated with silver nitrate cauterization make it an effective and safe procedure for managing spontaneous unilateral anterior epistaxis in children

Uma nova abordagem para a dacriocistorrinostomia endoscópica / A new approach to endoscopic DCR

OBJETIVO: Comparar uma técnica composta de dacriocistorrinotomia (DCR) endoscópica à técnica convencional. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo no Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia da Faculdade de Medicina Maulana Azad. Trinta pacientes selecionados para DCR endoscópica foram divididos em dois grupos, um submetido à DCR endoscópica convencional e outro tratado com uma técnica mais nova com o uso de cautere, instrumentação fria e laser em diferentes etapas da DCR endoscópica. Os pacientes foram seguidos por nove meses. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÃO: Com o uso do cautere, instrumentação fria e laser em diferentes etapas da DCR endoscópica, fomos capazes de obter taxa de sucesso de cerca de 94% com a técnica composta em comparação a 83,3% da DCR endoscópica convencional.

AIM: To compare a composite technique of Endoscopic Dacrocystorhinostomy with the conventional technique. METHODS: A randomised prospective study was carried in the department of Otolaryngology Maulana Azad Medical College. Thirty patient selected for Endoscopic DCR were divided into two groups, one of which underwent conventional Endoscopic DCR and the other group were treated with a newer technique using cautery, cold instrumentation and laser at different steps of Endoscopic DCR. The patients were followed up for Nine months. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: By using cautery, cold instrumentation and laser at different steps of Endoscopic DCR we were able to achieve a success rate of around 94% with this composite technique as compared to 83.3% in conventional Endoscopic DCR surgery.

Vasectomy occlusion technique combining thermal cautery and fascial interposition

INTRODUCTION: Recent research on vasectomy shows that combining cautery and fascial interposition (FI) achieves the most effective occlusion of the vas and minimizes the risk of failure. We present a technique that combines cautery and FI and is suitable for low-resource settings. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: The surgical technique consists of 1) exposing the vas with the no-scalpel approach; 2) cauterizing the epithelium of lumen of the vas using a portable battery-powered cautery device; 3) performing FI by grasping internal spermatic fascia and applying a free tie with suture material on the fascia to cover the prostatic stump of the vas and separate the two ends of the cut vas; and 4) excising a small 0.5 to 1 cm of the testicular stump. COMMENTS: To maximize vasectomy effectiveness, vasectomy providers should consider learning thermal cautery and FI to occlude vas deferens.

Comparison of chemical cautery (AgNo3) and steroid spray against SMD (submucosal diathermy) in the treatment of symptomatic inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH).

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of chemical cautery (AgNo3) and steroid nasal spray against SMD (submucosal diathermy) in the treatment of symptomatic Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy (ITH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients attending OPD in the department of ENT &HNS at KMCTH with symptomatic Inferior turbinate Hypertrophy were taken with their approval included for the study. Patients were divided into 2 Groups: in the first Group 25 patients were included and treated with chemical cautery (AgNo3) under Local Anaesthesia (LA), followed by steroid nasal spray for 3 months; in the second Group 25 patients were included and were treated with SMD (submucosal diathermy) under General Anaesthesia (GA).They all had history of use of topical nasal decongestant for different time period. Patients were followed up for 6 months. RESULTS: In Group 1, 16 patients complain of burning sensation for first week and 8 patients complain of continuous nasal blockage for 6 weeks.1 patient complain about inosmia for 2 weeks. In Group 2, nasal pain was complained by 17 patient for 2 weeks. 3 patients complain of persistent nasal blockage for 4 weeks. 3 patients complain of anosmia for 4 weeks. After completion of 6 months in Group 1, 20 patient has recurrent nasal blockage, whereas in Group 2, 10 patient has recurrent nasal blockage. Besides these, other symptoms noticed during initial phase did not appear. CONCLUSION: Chemical cautery (AgNo3) and steroid nasal spray is easy to follow, has less complication ,but failure rate is high, whereas SMD is procedure with less failure rate, but has to carried out under GA and has more discomfort postoperatively. For symptomatic inferior turbinate hypertrophy, where topical nasal decongestant has little role SMD is the choice of treatment for longer relief.

Nueva alternativa de tratamiento para la uña encarnada / New alternative for the treatment of ingrown nails

La uña encarnada resulta una afección molesta y de evolución tórpida debido a lo difícil de su tratamiento, que muchas veces termina en un estado supurativo crónico, así como recidivas del tratamiento quirúrgico. Por tal motivo se realizó un ensayo clínico en 40 pacientes que en uno u otro momento fueron tratados por esta patología y no habían resuelto, a los cuales se les aplicó cauterización con nitrógeno líquido. La investigación se realizó en el período comprendido entre noviembre del 2005 y abril del 2006 en el hospital “Iluminado Rodríguez” de Jagüey Grande...

The ingrown nail is a molesting affection of torpid evolution due to the difficult of the treatment, sometimes ending in a chronic suppurating stage, and sometimes recidivists after surgical treatment. That is why, we carried out a clinical assay in 40 patients that previously received treatment against that pathology and did not healed. They were applied a cauterization of liquid nitrogen. They were applied a cauterization of liquid nitrogen. The study was made at the hospital “Iluminado Rodríguez” of Jagüey Grande in the period November 2005- April 2006.

Estudo comparativo de pacientes submetidos à cauterização submucosa com ou sem fratura lateral do corneto inferior / Comparative study of the effects of submucosal cauterization of the inferior turbinate with or without outfracture

OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos da cauterização submucosa do corneto inferior com e sem a fratura lateral. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 20 pacientes aleatoriamente com diagnóstico de hipertrofia crônica dos cornetos nasais, e divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro foi submetido à cauterização submucosa com fratura lateral do corneto, e o segundo sem a fratura. Foram avaliados cinco quesitos, comparando-se os dois métodos: dor, sangramento nasal, cicatrização, formação de crostas e perviedade nasal. O seguimento pós-operatório foi realizado no 1°, 7°, 14° e 30° dias. RESULTADOS: Quanto à dor, sangramento nasal e formação de crostas o resultado foi semelhante para ambos os grupos. Em relação à cicatrização, houve melhores resultados no grupo submetido à fratura lateral nas primeiras duas semanas do seguimento. Quanto à perviedade nasal, 80 por cento dos pacientes submetidos à cauterização submucosa com a fratura lateral referiram boa perviedade. Por outro lado, 30 por cento dos pacientes não submetidos à fratura lateral relataram boa perviedade. CONCLUSÃO: A realização da cauterização submucosa do corneto inferior associada à fratura lateral é mais eficaz que a realização da cauterização isoladamente.

AIM: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of submucosal cauterization of the inferior turbinate with or without outfracture. STUDY DESIGN: clinical prospective. METHOD: Twenty patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy were randomized and divided into two groups. The first one was submitted to submucosal cauterization associated with outfracture, and the second one without fracture. Five items were assessed to compare both methods: pain, nasal bleeding, scarring - analyzed through anterior rhinoscopy, observing edema, hyperemia and seropurulent secretion; crust formation (seen through anterior rhinoscopy); and nasal airway patency. Follow-up was performed on days 7, 14, 30. RESULTS: In both groups crusting formation was similar. Scarring showed better results in the outfracture group in the first two weeks postoperative. The analysis of nasal airway patency showed good results in 80 percent of the patients submitted to submucosal cauterization with outfratcture on day 30 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that submucosal cauterization of inferior turbinate with outfracture is better than the procedure without outfracture.

Molusco contagioso: infección oportunista del VIH/SIDA / Molluscum contagiosum: an HIV/AIDS oportunistic infection

En el presente trabajo se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre el molusco contagioso asociado a infecciones oportunistas del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (VIH/SIDA). Este trabajo se realizó con la finalidad de compartir con la comunidad odontológica la información recolectada

Eletrocauterizacao laparoscopica ovariana bilateral no tratamento de mulheres inferteis com sindrome dos ovarios policisticos / Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in the treatment of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

A sindrome dos ovarios policisticos (SOP) e condicao endocrina comum que afeta a mulher em idade reprodutiva. Irregularidade menstrual, hirsutismo e infertilidade por...

Cauterization of inferior nasal turbinate for idiopathic headache

Idiopathic headache is a stressful complaint, whose treatment is not well established. Our study is an attempt to examine the relationship between idiopathic headache and inferior turbinate cauterization as a surgical treatment, and to explain the central physiological effect of cauterization. Thirty-four patients, 15 females and 19 males complaining of idiopathic headache were treated by inferior turbinate cauterization. Cauterization of the inferior-medial aspect of the turbinate was carried out once under local anesthesia for few seconds. This study was performed between November 1993 and December 1996, a joint project of the Zarka Government Hospital, Zarka and Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. More than 82% of the patients showed significant improvement in the sense of decreased headache. Cautery of the nasal turbinate could be a novel method for treatment of idiopathic headache

Efecto reepitelizante del Triticum vulgare en el ectropión cauterizado del cérvix / Reepithelización effect of triticum vulgare after cervix cuatherization

El ectropión del cérvix es un trastorno común en la práctica ginecológica. El tratamiento más satisfactorio es la destrucción del tejido afectado mediante electrocauterización, criocirugía o vaporización con rayo láser, que obtienen la cicatrización con la posterior reparación mediante la proliferación de fibroblastos y reepitelización. La reepitelización completa puede llevar más de ocho semanas. Con el objeto de acortar el tiempo requerido para la reepitelización, se evaluó la eficacia del extracto acuoso de Triticum vulgare en un estudio doble ciego comparativo con placebo. Se estudiaron 40 pacientes con ectropión tratadas con vaporización mediante rayo láser. Posteriormente las pacientes del primer grupo fueron tratadas con óvulos de Triticum vulgare, dos veces al día durante dos semanas consecutivas; las pacientes del grupo control recibieron placebo. El extracto acuoso de Triticum vulgare fue capaz de acortar el tiempo para la reepitelización. Al día 40, el 40 por ciento de las pacientes tratadas con Triticum vulgare presentaron una reepitelización completa, comparado con 5 por ciento de las que recibieron placebo; 75 por ciento vs 35 por ciento al día 48, y 85 por ciento vs 55 por ciento al día 56, respectivamente. No se observaron eventos adversos. Se concluye que el extracto acuoso de Triticum vulgare acelera la reepitelización postratamiento del ectropión con rayo láser y tiene buena tolerabilidad vaginal.

Zumbido por fístula carótido-cavernosa de origem traumática / Post-traumatic caroticocavernous fistula as a cause of tinnitus

Fístula carótido-cavemosa é uma conexäo arteriovenosa entre a artéria carótida interna e o seio cavernoso. É uma entidade rara, principalmente se a queixa única for zumbido. Pode ser classificada de acorcdo com três critérios: traumática ou espontânea, de alto ou baixo fluxo, e diretas ou durais. A sintomatologia é geralmente insidiosa e o diagnóstico por radio-imagem geralmente é feito de um a oito meses após o ocorrido, com média de cinco meses. É relatado um caso de zumbido provocado por uma fístula carótido-cavernosa

Novo equipamento desenvolvido no HCPA para cirurgia otológica (microcautério). Parte I - Características técnicas / New equipment developed at HCPA for otologic surgery (microcautery). Part I - technical specifications

Este artigo apresenta a descrição de um microcautério otológico com dispositivos de aspiração e descolamento para utilização em cirurgia otológica. O microcautério foi desenvolvido no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, pelos setores de Engenharia Biomédica e Otorrinolaringologia

Novo equipamento desenvolvido no HCPA para cirurgia otológica (microcautério). Parte II - Estudo em seres humanos / New equipment for otologic surgery developed at HCPA (microcautery). Parte II -Study in human beings

Objetivo: Descrever a avaliação em cirurgias do ouvido médio em seres humanos, do microcautério otológico Lavinsky/HCPA...

Electrocautery of Bowman's membrane for bullous keratopathy

Ceratopatia bolhosa dolorosa avançada em pacientes näo controlados clinicamente e portadores de doenças oculares com mau prognóstico visual, como descolamento antigo de retina e doenças crônicas do vítreo, nos quais o alívio da dor é o principal objetivo, podem se beneficiar de uma antiga, mas eficaz e acessível forma de tratamento, a eletrocauterizaçäo da Membrana de Bowman (Procedimento de Salleras). Realizamos estudo prospectivo em 8 pacientes consecutivos submetidos ao procedimento no tocante à biomicroscopia, tonometria e histopatologia