The association between CHA2DS2-VASc score and erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to assess the association between CHA2DS2-VASc score and erectile dysfunction in patients who were admitted to cardiology outpatient clinics. Materials and methods: One hundred and two male patients who were admitted to the cardiology outpatient clinic were included to the study. Erectile dysfunction was evaluated in the urology outpatient clinic in the same hospital and scored using Turkish Version of The International Index of Erectile Function. CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated for every patient using the current associated guidelines. Results: There was a negative correlation between The International Index of Erectile Function score and CHA2DS2-VASc score, age, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, stroke respectively. Smoking and dislipidemia were not correlated with The International Index of Erectile Function score (p>0.05). Conclusion: CHA2DS2-VASc score can be used to detect Erectile dysfunction in patients who are admitted to the cardiology outpatient clinics.

Polimorfismos genéticos da Alanina--Glioxilato Aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) associados à disfunção erétil e marcadores de resposta aos iPDE-5 / Genetic polymorphysms of alanine - Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) associated with erectile dysfunction and response markers to iPDE-5

Disfunção Erétil (DE) é caracterizada pela incapacidade de obter ou manter uma ereção suficiente para que ocorra atividade sexual satisfatória. Uma das principais características da DE está relacionada ao possível déficit na produção de Óxido Nítrico (NO) no corpo humano. O NO é produzido através da L-arginina, via Óxido Nítrico Sintase neuronal, endotelial e induzível (nNOS, eNOS e iNOS). As dimetilargininas assimétrica (ADMA) e a simétrica (SDMA) são formas metiladas da L-arginina e atuam como agentes inibidores das NOS, portanto os níveis aumentados de ADMA e SDMA estão associados a menor produção de NO. Uma das principais enzimas responsáveis pela degradação de ADMA e SDMA é a AGXT2, codificada pelo gene homônimo. Estudos têm relacionado polimorfismos genéticos da AGXT2 a doenças cardiovasculares e todo o contexto do NO, podendo ser utilizados como marcadores para o risco de desenvolvimento de DE. Os objetivos deste estudo visam relacionar polimorfismos genéticos da AGXT2 (rs37369 e rs16899974) ao risco para desenvolvimento de DE e ao resultado da terapia medicamentosa com inibidores da fosfodiesterase 5 (iPDE-5). Trata-se de um estudo de dois braços, sendo o primeiro um estudo caso-controle e outro apenas com os pacientes em uso de iPDE-5, avaliando a resposta a essa classe de fármacos. A função erétil dos voluntários desta pesquisa foi avaliada através da escala Índice Internacional de Função Erétil (IIEF). Os genótipos foram obtidos por PCR em tempo real. Foram encontrados associações significativas entre os marcadores genéticos e a resposta ao sildenafil e aos níveis de nitrito e ADMA. Quanto ao estudo caso-controle não foram encontrados associações significativas para este estudo

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is characterized by the inability to obtain or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity to occur. One of the main features of ED is related to the possible deficit in the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the human body. NO is produced through L-arginine via neuronal, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, eNOS and iNOS). Asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetrical (SDMA) dimethylarginines are methylated forms of L-arginine and act as NOS inhibitory agents, so increased levels of ADMA and SDMA are associated with decreased NO production. One of the main enzymes responsible for the degradation of ADMA and SDMA is AGXT2, encoded by the homonymous gene. Studies have linked genetic polymorphisms of AGXT2 to cardiovascular diseases and the entire context of NO, and can be used as markers for the risk of developing ED. The objectives of this study were to correlate AGXT2 genetic polymorphisms (rs37369 and rs16899974) with the risk for developing ED and the outcome of the drug therapy with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (iPDE-5). It is a two-arm study, the first being a case-control study and the other only with patients using iPDE-5, evaluating the response to this class of drugs. The erectile function of the volunteers of this research was evaluated through the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scale. Genotypes were obtained by real-time PCR. Significant associations were found between genetic markers and response to sildenafil and levels of nitrite and ADMA. Regarding the case-control study, no significant associations were found for this study

Impact on sexual function of surgical treatment in rectal cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction The development of new surgical techniques and medical devices, like therapeutical multimodal approaches has allowed for better outcomes on patients with rectal cancer (RCa). Owing to that, an increased awareness and investment towards better outcomes regarding patients' sexual and urinary function has been recently observed. Aim Evaluate and characterize the sexual dysfunction of patients submitted to surgical treatment for RCa. Materials and Methods An observational retrospective study including all male patients who underwent a surgical treatment for RCa between January 2011 December 2014 (n=43) was performed, complemented with an inquiry questionnaire to every patient about its sexual habits and level of function before and after surgery. Discussion All patients were male, with an average of 64yo. (range 42-83yo.). The surgical procedure was a rectum anterior resection (RAR) in 22 patients (56%) and an abdominoperineal resection (APR) in 19(44%). Sixty three percent described their sexual life as important/very important. Sexual function worsening was observed in 76% (65% with complains on erectile function, and 27% on ejaculation). Fourteen patients (38%) didn't resume sexual activity after surgery. Increased age (p=0.007), surgery performed (APR) (p=0.03) and the presence of a stoma (p=0.03) were predictors of ED after surgery. A secondary analysis found that the type of surgery (APR) (p=0.04), lower third tumor's location (p=0.03) and presence of comorbidities (p=0.013) (namely, smokers and diabetic patients) were predictors of de novo ED after surgery. Conclusions This study demonstrated the clear negative impact in sexual function of patients submitted to a surgical treatment for RCa. Since it is a valued feature for patients, it becomes essential to correctly evaluate/identify these cases in order to offer an adequate therapeutical option.

Stage effect of chronic kidney disease in erectile function

ABSTRACT Purpose The study aims to assess the influence of the stage of chronic kidney disease and glomerular filtration rate on prevalence and degree of erectile dysfunction. Materials and Methods This transversal study, conducted from May 2013 to December 2015, included patients with chronic kidney disease in conservative treatment, stages III/IV/V. Erectile dysfunction was evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function. Data classically associated with erectile dysfunction were obtained by medical record review. Erectile dysfunction, degree of erectile dysfunction, and other main variables associated with erectile dysfunction were compared between patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment stages III versus IV/V using the Chi-square test. The relationship between score of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction and glomerular filtration rate was established by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Two hundred and forty five patients with chronic kidney disease in conservative treatment participated of the study. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease in stages IV/V was greater than in stage III. Glomerular filtration rate positively correlated with score of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction. Conclusions The study suggests that chronic kidney disease progression (glomerular filtration rate decrease and advance in chronic kidney disease stages) worsen erectile function. Hypothetically, diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction may be anticipated with the analysis of chronic kidney disease progression.

Adaptación y análisis psicométrico de la versión española del índice internacional de función eréctil (IIEF) en población Chilena / Adaptation and psychometric analysis of the spanish version of the international index of erectile function in Chilean population

Contar con instrumentos validados en Chile para Disfunción Eréctil (DE), motivó el validar la versión española del Índice Internacional de Función Eréctil (IIEF), en población chilena. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo no experimental transversal, de muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, con 95 varones adultos de tres centros de salud (Concepción, Talcahuano y Santiago), durante Noviembre 2012 y Junio 2013. Expertos ciegos realizaron entrevista clínica utilizando criterios DSM-V y causas médico-quirúrgicas de DE. Luego de aplicación piloto y adaptación del IIEF, se logró la versión IIEF-Ch aplicándola a toda la muestra. Se analizaron los resultados con SPSS 15.0, obteniéndose alta correlación entre variables (X2: 956.533) y alta adecuación muestral (0,893); dos factores que explican el 81.59% de la varianza del instrumento, con alta confiabilidad (.971) y adecuada validez de criterio, alta sensibilidad (84.5%) y especificidad aceptable (91.9%). La IIEF-Ch es un instrumento válido y confiable para estudios sobre DE en Chile.

Having instruments validated in Chile for Erectile Dysfunction (ED), motivated the validation of the Spanish version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), in Chilean population. A non-experimental quantitative study of non-probabilistic sample was carried out for convenience, with 95 adult males from three health centers (Concepción, Talcahuano and Santiago), during November 2012 and June 2013. Blind experts conducted a clinical interview using DSM-V criteria and medical-surgical causes of ED. After the pilot application and adaptation of the IIEF, version IIEF-Ch was achieved by applying it to the entire sample. The results were analyzed with SPSS 15.0, obtaining high correlation between variables (X2: 956,533) and high sample adequacy (0,893); two factors that explain 81.59% of the variance of the instrument, with high reliability (.971) and adequate criterion validity, high sensitivity (84.5%) and acceptable specificity (91.9%). The IIEF-Ch is a valid and reliable instrument for studies on ED in Chile.

Personas con disfunción eréctil atendidos en la consulta de Andrología, Instituto de Endocrinología de Cuba, 2009-2012 / People with erectile dysfunction treated in the consultation of Andrology, Institute of Endocrinology of Cuba, 2009-2012

ResumenLa disfunción sexual eréctil (DE) es un problema de salud que afecta la calidad de vida del que la padece, de su pareja y de su entorno.Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el grado de severidad de la DE con factores de riesgos conocidos, comorbilidades, parámetros clínicos, bioquímicos y hormonales, atendidos en la consulta de andrología del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología (INEN).Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, que incluyó 385 pacientes > 20 años, atendidos entre 2009-2012. Variables estudiadas: clínicas, antropométricas, bioquímicas y hormonales. Estadígrafos: pruebas Chi2 y ANOVA.Resultados: La media de edad fue 56,85 ±8,2 años. El 82,9 % tenía ≥ 50 años y un 95 % padecía alguna enfermedad crónica. Predominó los grados moderados y severos de DE (45 % y 39 % respectivamente), los diuréticos e inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina se asociaron a la DE (p=0,042) y (p=0,012). El consumo de alcohol fue común (69,9%). El Índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, índice cintura/cadera, glucemia, colesterol total y triglicéridos se incrementaron cuando fue mayor el grado de severidad de la DSE. La testosterona total se asoció inversamente con una significación estadística (p=0,005). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron: diabetes tipo 2 (p < 0,004), hipertensión arterial (p < 0,007), obesidad (p < 0,005) y enfermedad de Peyronie (p<0,017).Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación directamente proporcional entre el grado de severidad de la DE con algunos de sus factores de riesgo y enfermedades crónicas frecuentes. Esta fue inversamente proporcional a los valores de testosterona total.

AbstractThe sexual erectile dysfunction (ED) is a health problem that affects the life quality of which suffers it, of their couple and of their environment.Objective:To determine the association among the grade of severity of ED with factors of well-known risks, associates diseases, clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters, assisted in the consultation of andrology of the National Institute of Endocrinology (INEN).Method:An observational descriptive study was performed, transversal, including 385 patients > 20 years, assisted among 2009-2012. Studied variables: clinical, anthropometrics, biochemical and hormonal. Statisticians: Quarter Chi Test and ANOVA.Results:The age stocking was 56, 85 ±8,2 years. The 82,9 % have ≥50 years and 95% suffered some chronic illness. It prevailed the moderate and severe grades of ED (45% and 39% respectively), the diuretics and IECAs were associated to ED (p=0,042) and (p=0,012). The consumption of alcohol was common (69, 9%). The corporal mass index, circumference of the waist, waist/hip index, glycemic, total cholesterol and triglycerides were increased when it was bigger the grade of severity of ED. The total testosterone was inversely associated with a statistical significance (p=0,005). The most frequent associates diseases were: Type 2 Diabetes (p <0,004), High Blood Pressure (p <0,007), Obesity (p <0,005) and Peyronie´s Disease (p <0,017). Conclusions: A directly proportional association between the grade of severity of ED and some risk factors and frequent chronic illnesses was found. This was inversely proportional to the values of total testosterone.

Validation of Portuguese version of Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ) and comparison to International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and RAND 36-Item Health Survey

Purpose To validate the Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ) considering Brazilian social-cultural aspects. Materials and Methods To determine equivalence between the Portuguese and the English QEQ versions, the Portuguese version was back-translated by two professors who are native English speakers. After language equivalence had been determined, urologists considered the QEQ Portuguese version suitable. Men with self-reported erectile dysfunction (ED) and infertile men who had a stable sexual relationship for at least 6 months were invited to answer the QEQ, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (RAND-36). The questionnaires were presented together and answered without help in a private room. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), test-retest reliability (Spearman), convergent validity (Spearman correlation) coefficients and known-groups validity (the ability of the QEQ Portuguese version to differentiate erectile dysfunction severity groups) were assessed. Results We recruited 197 men (167 ED patients and 30 non-ED patients), mean age of 53.3 and median of 55.5 years (23-82 years). The Portuguese version of the QEQ had high internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.93), high stability between test and retest (ICC 0.83, with IC 95%: 0.76-0.88, p<0.001) and Spearman correlation coefficient r=0.82 (p<0.001), which demonstrated the high correlation between the QEQ and IIEF results. The correlations between the QEQ and RAND-36 were significantly low in ED (r=0.20, p=0.01) and non-ED patients (r=0.37, p=0.04). Conclusion The QEQ Portuguese version presented good psychometric properties and high convergent validity in relation to IIEF. The low correlations between the QEQ and the RAND-36, as well as between the IIEF and the RAND-36 indicated IIEF and QEQ specificity, which may have resulted from the patients’ psychological adaptations that minimized the impact of ED on ...

Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and metabolic syndrome as predictors of middle-aged men's health

PURPOSE: There is no reported evidence for an anthropometric index that might link obesity to men's sexual health. We evaluated the ability of an anthropometric index and the symptom scores of five widely used questionnaires to detect men's health problems. We determined the predictive abilities of two obesity indexes and other clinical parameters for screening for lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in middle-aged men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,910 middle-aged men were included in the study. Participants underwent a detailed clinical evaluation that included recording the symptom scores of five widely used questionnaires. The participants' body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were determined. Serum prostate-specific antigen, urinalysis, testosterone, estimated glomerular filtration rate, evaluation of metabolic syndrome, and transrectal ultrasonography were assessed. RESULTS: By use of logistic regression analysis, age and total prostate volume were independent predictors of lower urinary tract symptoms. Metabolic syndrome was the only significant negative predictive factor for chronic prostatitis symptoms. Age and metabolic syndrome were independent predictive factors for erectile dysfunction. Waist-to-hip ratio had a statistically significant value for predicting erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that total prostate volume is a significant predictor of lower urinary tract symptoms, and central obesity has predictive ability for erectile dysfunction. Metabolic syndrome was the only significant negative predictive factor for chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. The management of correctable factors such as waist-to-hip ratio and metabolic syndrome may be considered preventive modalities against the development of men's health problems.

Use of nanoparticles to monitor human mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into penile cavernosum of rats with erectile dysfunction

PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine the treatment of erectile dysfunction by use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-labeled human mesenchymal stem cells (SPION-MSCs) transplanted into the cavernous nerve injured cavernosa of rats as monitored by molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each: group 1, sham operation; group 2, cavernous nerve injury; group 3, SPION-MSC treatment after cavernous nerve injury. Immediately after the cavernous nerve injury in group 3, SPION-MSCs were injected into the cavernous nerve injured cavernosa. Serial T2-weighted MRI was done immediately after injection and at 2 and 4 weeks. Erectile response was assessed by cavernous nerve stimulation at 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS: Prussian blue staining of SPION-MSCs revealed abundant uptake of SPION in the cytoplasm. After injection of 1x10(6) SPION-MSCs into the cavernosa of rats, T2-weighted MRI showed a clear hypointense signal induced by the injection. The presence of SPION in the corpora cavernosa was confirmed with Prussian blue staining. At 2 and 4 weeks, rats with cavernous nerve injury had significantly lower erectile function than did rats without cavernous nerve injury (p<0.05). The group transplanted with SPION-MSCs showed higher erectile function than did the group without SPION-MSCs (p<0.05). The presence of SPION-MSCs for up to 4 weeks was confirmed by MRI imaging and Prussian blue staining in the corpus cavernosa. CONCLUSIONS: Transplanted SPION-MSCs existed for up to 4 weeks in the cavernous nerve injured cavernosa of rats. Erectile dysfunction recovered and could be monitored by MRI.

Erectile dysfunction in patients with liver disease related to chronic hepatitis B

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Despite sexual function making an important contribution to the quality of life, data on erectile function are relatively scant in patients with chronic liver disease. We evaluated the prevalence of and risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with liver disease related to hepatitis B, especially among those with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or early-stage cirrhosis. METHODS: In total, 69 patients (35 with CHB and 34 with hepatitis-B-related liver cirrhosis [HBV-LC]) aged 40-59 years were analyzed. Child-Pugh classes of A and B were present in 30 (88.2%) and 4 (11.8%) of the patients with HBV-LC, respectively. The erectile function of the patients was evaluated using the Korean version of IIEF-5. RESULTS: The prevalence of any ED was 24.6% for all patients, and 8.6% and 41.2% for those with CHB and HBV-LC, respectively (P=0.002). While there was only one (2.9%) CHB patient for each stage of ED, mild, moderate, and severe ED stages were seen in three (8.8%), one (2.9%), and ten (29.4%) of the HBV-LC patients, respectively. Multiple regression analysis identified the type of liver disease (P=0.010), hypertension (P=0.022), score on the Beck Depression Inventory (P =0.044), and the serum albumin level (P=0.014) as significant independent factors for the presence of ED. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ED was significantly higher in patients with early-stage HBV-LC than in those with CHB. Therefore, screening male patients with early viral cirrhosis for ED and providing appropriate support are needed, especially when the cirrhosis is accompanied by hypertension, depression, or a depressed level of serum albumin.

Erectile Dysfunction in a Sub-Saharan African population: Profile and Correlates in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complaint in general medical practice. This study describes the clinicodemographic features of ED. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and twelve subjects in the outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital were interviewed for demographic data; tobacco smoking; alcohol consumption; history of medications; previous abdominal surgery; history of diabetes mellitus; hypertension and ED; duration of ED if present; self-assessment of the level of sexual satisfaction; partner's assessment of the level of sexual satisfaction; type of remedies sought and used for ED in the past; whether or not subject has discussed the problem and patients' perception of the cause of the ED; all were interviewed with the international index of erectile function questionnaire for ED. Data was analyzed as appropriate. Results: Forty-two (19.8) had ED and ED score was associated with age (P = 0.013); educational level (P 0.001); monthly income (P 0.001); alcohol consumption (P

Validação do Índice Internacional de Função Erétil (IIFE) para uso no Brasil / Validation of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIFE) for use in Brazil

FUNDAMENTO: O Índice Internacional de Função Erétil tem sido proposto como método de avaliação da função sexual, auxiliando no diagnóstico e na classificação da disfunção erétil. No entanto, não foi realizada a validação do IIFE para a língua portuguesa. OBJETIVO: Validar o Índice Internacional de Função Erétil em pacientes portadores de doenças cardiopulmonares e metabólicas. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 108 participantes portadores de doenças cardiopulmonares e metabólicas de dois programas de reabilitação cardiopulmonar e metabólica (RCPM) do sul do Brasil. A avaliação da clareza do instrumento foi realizada por meio de escala com variação de 0-10, a validação de construto foi realizada pela análise fatorial confirmatória (KMO = 0,85, Barllet p < 0,001), a consistência interna foi analisada pelo alfa de Cronbach. Foram analisados, ainda, os preceitos de reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade interavaliadores por meio do teste reteste. RESULTADOS: Os itens foram julgados muito claros, com médias superiores a 9. A consistência interna resultou em 0,89. A maioria das questões relacionou-se corretamente com seus respectivos domínios, com exceção das três questões do domínio satisfação sexual e uma questão relacionada à função erétil. Os itens apresentaram excelente estabilidade de medida e concordância substancial quase perfeita. CONCLUSÃO: Demonstrou-se que o IIFE é válido e bem compreendido por pacientes que participam de programa de reabilitação cardiopulmonar e metabólica.

BACKGROUND: The International Index of Erectile Function has been proposed as a method for assessing sexual function assisting the diagnosis and classification of erectile dysfunction. However, IIEF was not validated for the Portuguese language. OBJECTIVE: Validate the International Index of Erectile Function in patients with cardiopulmonary and metabolic diseases. METHODS: The sample consisted of 108 participants of to Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic program Rehabilitation (CPMR) in southern Brazil. The clarity assessment of the instrument was performed using a scale ranging from zero to 10. The construct validity was carried out by confirmatory factor analysis (KMO = 0.85; Barllet p < 0.001), internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha and reproducibility and interrater reliability via the test retest method. RESULTS: The items were considered very clear with averages superior to 9. The internal consistency resulted in 0.89. The majority of items related correctly with their domains, with exception of three questions from sexual satisfaction domain, and one from erectile function. All items showed excellent stability of measure and substantial to almost perfect agreement. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the IIEF is valid and reliable for use in participants of a cardiopulmonary and metabolic rehabilitation program.

Papel da disfunção erétil como manifestação sentinela e marcador de risco para doença coronariana / Role of erectile dysfunction as a sentinel event and risk marker for coronary disease

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença cardiovascular é a causa mais comum de morte em todo o mundo. Em homens, 50% das mortes por doença arterial coronariana ocorre em indivíduos sem história prévia de doença cardiovascular. Disfunção erétil e doença arterial coronariana têm uma relação estreita, já que ambas são consequências de disfunção endotelial, levando a limitações no fluxo sanguíneo. A associação entre severidade da disfunção erétil e a extensão das lesões da doença arterial coronariana ao exame angiográfico sugere que homens com disfunção erétil sejam considerados sob risco aumentado de doença arterial coronariana. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o papel da disfunção erétil como manifestação sentinela e/ou marcador de risco para doença arterial coronariana. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma análise secundária com dados previamente coletados em dois projetos (“Projeto Avaliar” e “Projeto Ampliar”). Pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade >18 anos, foram convidados a participar das duas pesquisas sobre disfunção erétil ao comparecerem a uma consulta médica ambulatorial em 2002-2003 (Projeto Avaliar) e em 2003-2004 (Projeto Ampliar)...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. In men, 50% of deaths due to coronary artery disease occur among those without previous history of cardiovascular disease. Erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease are closely related, since they are both consequences of endothelial dysfunction, leading to restrictions on the blood flow. The association between the severity of erectile dysfunction and the angiographic extension of coronary artery disease suggests that men with erectile dysfunction be considered at increased risk for coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of erectile dysfunction as a sentinel sign and/or surrogate of risk for coronary artery disease. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis on data previously collected in two research projects (“Projeto Avaliar” e “Projeto Ampliar”). Male patients, age 18 years old or more, were invited to participate in two surveys about erectile dysfunction while attending a routine office visit or consultation in 2002-2003 (Projeto Avaliar) and in 2003-2004 (Projeto Ampliar)...

The Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction at a Primary Healthcare Clinic in Durban; KwaZulu-Natal

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men attending a primary healthcare (PHC) clinic in Durban; KwaZulu-Natal; and to document any relationship between ED and age; smoking; economic status and co-morbid conditions. Design: An observational; descriptive; cross-sectional study. Setting and subjects: More than 50 of men aged 40-70 years experience some degree of erectile dysfunction. However; no data is available on the prevalence of ED in a primary healthcare (PHC) setting in KwaZulu-Natal. Between February and March 2008; 1 300 questionnaires were distributed to men aged 18 years and older with no exclusion criteria; attending a general PHC clinic. Outcome measures: Responses were captured using a validated structured questionnaire (International Index of Erectile Function-15). Results: Eight hundred and three questionnaires were eligible for analysis. The overall prevalence rate of ED was 64.9 (621); of whom 14.6 (117) had mild ED; 19.9 (160) moderate ED; and 30.4 (244) severe ED. Erectile dysfunction increased with age; and there was a strong association between ED and economic status and co-morbid conditions. Conclusion: The prevalence of ED at this urban PHC clinic was high. Increased awareness by doctors working in the clinic may result in improved assessment and appropriate treatment that will enhance patients' quality of life

Disfunção erétil / Erectile dysfunction

Uma grande revolução no tratamento da disfunção erétil, especialmente após o desenvolvimento dos primeiros inibidores da 5-fosfodiesterase (5-PDE), no final dos anos 90, marcou profundamente a história da sexualidade humana, repercutindo sobretudo na população de difícil tratamento (diabetes mellitus, prostatectomizados por câncer e outros casos de disfunção orgânica). Respeitando a estratégia de tratamento de cada urologista, os pacientes devem ser estimulados a experimentar todos os tipos de inibidores da 5-PDE disponíveis. Na falha da farmacoterapia oral, ou quando houver contraindicação para ela, dever-se-á considerar a injeção intracavernosa e, finalmente, implante cirúrgico de prótese peniana.

Grau de investigação de disfunção erétil por cardiologistas e endocrinologistas no Município de Marília/SP / Degree of erectile dysfunction research by cardiologists and endocrinologists in the city of Marília/SP

Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo em uma amostra constituída de 26 cardiologistas e oito endocrinologistas no município de Marília/SP, com o objetivo de avaliar se estes profissionais investigam a presença de disfunção erétil em seus pacientes. Os resultados do estudo apontam que no município de Marília/SP a maioria dos cardiologistas e endocrinologistas entrevistados aborda o tema disfunção erétil com seus pacientes que apresentam fatores de risco para esta doença. Nossos resultados estão em desacordo com algumas literaturas que referem que frequentemente os profissionais relutam em abordar este tema.

It was performed a transversal descriptive study in a sample consisted of 26 cardiologists and eight endocrinologists in the city of Marília/SP, to evaluate if those professionals use to investigate the presence of erectile dysfunction in their patients. The results show us that in Marília/SP a great number of cardiologists and endocrinologists approach those patients who present risk factors for erectile dysfunction. Our results are in disagreement with the literature which refers that frequently those professionals hesitate about talking on this subject.

Validación psicométrica del instrumento índice internacional de función eréctil en pacientes con disfunción eréctil en Perú / Psychometric validation of the international index of erectile function in patients with erectile dysfunction in Perú

Objetivos. Realizar la validación psicométrica del instrumento Índice Internacional de Función Eréctil (IIFE) en pacientes con Disfunción Eréctil (DE). Materiales y métodos. Serie de casos prospectivo donde se evaluó la validez y confiabilidad del cuestionario. Resultados. Más del 90 por ciento de los expertos consideraron que las preguntas del IIEF evaluaban los dominios y el constructo (validez de contenido). Hubo una concordancia perfecta entre la evaluación del experto y los resultados del IIFE (Kappa = 1). Se encontró diferencias significativas en las medias del puntaje por dominios entre los pacientes con DE y sin DE pero al evaluar la severidad solo hubo diferencias en el dominio de función eréctil (validez discriminante). Con relación a la severidad, el Índice de Síntomas de Prostatitis Crónica (ISPC) y el IIFE mostraron resultados divergentes (Kappa < 0,01, p=0,44), y los puntajes totales no correlacionaron (validez divergente) (rs = - 0,22, p = 0,16). Los coeficientes de correlación por dominios fueron leves a moderados y la correlación entre los puntajes totales fue alta (rs = 0,8, p < 0,001) (fiabilidad test retest). Se encontró un alto grado de consistencia interna con un α-Cronbach > 0,8 en los cinco dominios. Conclusiones. El IIFE validado culturalmente en el Perú es un instrumento válido y confiable para su uso a nivel local en el campo clínico y de investigación.

Objectives. To perform the psychometric validation of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in patients with erectile dysfunction. Materials and methods. Prospective case series to evaluate the validity and the reliability of the scale. Results. More than 90 percent of experts considered that the IIEF questions evaluated the domains and the construct (content validity). There was a perfect concordance between the expert evaluation and the IIEF results (criteria validity, Kappa = 1). Significant differences were found in the score media by domains between patients with and without ED but when severity was evaluated, only differences in the erectile function domain were found (discriminatory validity). The Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (ISPC) and the IIEF showed divergent results (Kappa < 0.01, p = 0.44) in relation with the severity and the total scores showed no correlation (divergent validity) (rs = -0.22, p = 0.16). The correlation coefficients by domains were mild to moderate and the correlation between the total scores was high (rs = 0.8, p < 0.001) (test retest repeatability). A high degree of internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha values > 0.8 in the five domains was found. Conclusions. The cross-culturally validated IIEF in Peru is a valid and reliable instrument for its local use in the fields of clinics and research.