Burnout status among health and non-health sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nutritional perspective / Estado de burnout entre estudantes de ciências da saúde e não-ciências da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma perspectiva nutricional

ABSTRACT Objective The study aimed to assess the factors associated with burnout among university students studying online during the COVID-19 lockdown, with a focus on nutrition and lifestyle habits. Methods This cross-sectional web-based study was conducted with university students in Türkiye. Demographic characteristics, dietary habits, dietary supplement usage, the Multidimensional COVID-19 scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Scale of university students were questioned with an online survey. Results: A total of 747 students (health science faculties:68.9% and non-health faculties:31.1%) participated in the study. Non-health sciences students had higher median scores of emotional exhaustion (17 vs 15), cynicism (13 vs 10), and total Multi-Dimensional COVID-19 scale (84 vs 80) than health sciences students (respectively; p=0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). The emotional exhaustion score was positively associated with thoughts about COVID-19 (β=0.266, p<0.001) and negatively with paying attention to diet (β=-1,142, p=0.005). Students who consumed meat, eggs, and legumes at least once a day had lower emotional exhaustion (β=-0.925, p=0.029), cynicism scores (β=-0.804, p=0.025), and higher academic efficacy (β= 0.550, p=0.034). Consumption of milk and dairy products at least once a day was negatively related to emotional exhaustion (β=-0.844, p=0.033) and cynicism (β=-0.817, p=0.015). Students who consumed at least five daily portions of fruit and vegetables had greater academic efficacy (β=0.669, No-BreakpNo-Break=0.015). Conclusion Faculty, grade, thoughts about COVID-19, precautions taken related to COVID-19, and paying attention to diet are the factors that affect students' burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health education and adopting healthy eating habits are beneficial for combating burnout in critical periods such as pandemics.

RESUMO Objetivo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores associados ao burnout entre estudantes universitários que estudaram online durante o bloqueio da COVID-19, com foco em hábitos nutricionais e de estilo de vida. Métodos Este estudo transversal baseado na web foi realizado com estudantes universitários em Türkiye. Características demográficas, comportamentos nutricionais, uso de suplementos nutricionais, escala Multidimensional COVID-19 e Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Scale de estudantes universitários foram questionados por meio de um questionário online. Resultados Um total de 747 estudantes (faculdades de ciências da saúde: 68,9% e faculdades não relacionadas à saúde: 31,1%) participaram do estudo. Estudantes de áreas não relacionadas à saúde apresentaram maiores pontuações medianas em exaustão emocional, cinismo e pontuação total na escala Multi-Dimensional COVID-19 do que estudantes de ciências da saúde. A pontuação de exaustão emocional estava positivamente associada aos pensamentos sobre a COVID-19 (β=0,266, p<0,001) e negativamente associada à atenção à dieta (β=-1.142, p=0,005). Estudantes que consumiram carne, ovos e legumes pelo menos uma vez ao dia tiveram menores pontuações de exaustão emocional (β=-0,925, p=0,029) e cinismo (β= -0,804, p=0,025), e maior eficácia acadêmica (β=0,550, p=0,034). O consumo diário de leite e produtos lácteos foi negativamente relacionado à exaustão emocional (β=-0,844, p=0,033) e cinismo (β=-0,817, p=0,015). Estudantes que consumiram pelo menos cinco porções diárias de frutas e vegetais tiveram uma maior eficácia acadêmica (β=0,669, p=0,015). Conclusão Faculdade, série, pensamentos sobre a COVID-19, precauções relacionadas à COVID-19 e atenção à dieta são os fatores que afetam o burnout dos estudantes durante a pandemia da COVID-19. A educação em saúde e a adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis são benéficas para combater o burnout em períodos críticos, como pandemias.

Consumption of free sugars and dietary sources in the diet of university students according to socioeconomic and lifestyle factors / Consumo de açúcar livre e fontes dietéticas na dieta de estudantes universitários segundo fatores socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the consumption of free sugars and associated factors in the diet of university students entering full-time courses at a public university in Mato Grosso. Methods Cross-sectional study with students aged 16 to 26 years in the first semester of 2016, 2017, and 2018. Average sugar consumption was estimated using a 24-hour diet recall, evaluating the percentage of free sugars in total energy intake and the prevalence of consumption greater than 10.0% of total energy intake, according to socioeconomic and lifestyle variables, stratified by sex, and the foods that most contributed to its consumption. Results A total of 1,063 students were evaluated, the percentage of free sugars in the students' diet was on average 14.3% among men and 15.4% among women, with the prevalence of consumption above 10.0% also being higher among women (72.6 vs. 66.6%). There was a direct relationship between the participation of free sugars in the highest tertiles of energy intake, and the main food groups sources of sugar were desserts, juices, soft drinks, and coffee. There was a significant association between courses outside the health sciences, tobacco use, and unsatisfactory meal consumption profile with higher consumption of free sugars among women. Among men, sugar consumption was higher among those who were not overweight compared to those who were overweight. Conclusion The consumption of free sugars is high among university students, being associated with higher energy consumption, especially for sweetened beverages.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o consumo de açúcar livre e os fatores associados na alimentação de universitários ingressantes em cursos de período integral em uma universidade pública de Mato Grosso. Métodos Estudo transversal com estudantes de 16 a 26 anos de idade no primeiro semestre de 2016, 2017 e 2018 (n=1.063). O consumo médio de açúcar foi estimado por meio de recordatório de 24 horas, sendo avaliada a participação do açúcar livre na ingestão energética total e a prevalência de participação do consumo superior a 10,0% da ingestão energética, segundo variáveis socioeconômicas, de estilo de vida e fatores dietéticos, , estratificadas por sexo. Resultados A participação do açúcar livre na dieta foi, em média, de 14,3% entre os homens e 15,4% entre as mulheres, sendo a prevalência de consumo acima de 10,0% também maior entre as mulheres (72,6 vs. 66,6%). Foi maior a participação do açúcar livre nos tercis mais elevados de ingestão energética, sendo verificado que os principais grupos de alimentos fontes foram sobremesas, sucos, refrigerantes e café. Entre as mulheres, verificou-se maior consumo de açúcar livre entre aquelas que faziam uso de tabaco e que apresentavam perfil de consumo de refeições insatisfatório. Por outro lado, menor consumo de açúcar livre foi observado entre as estudantes da área da saúde. Entre os homens, o consumo de açúcar livre foi maior entre aqueles sem excesso de peso, comparados aos com excesso. Conclusão O consumo de açúcar livre foi elevado entre estudantes universitários, sendo maior entre os estudantes com maior consumo energético. Verificou-se que as bebidas adoçadas estiveram entre as principais fontes.

Caracterización de los cambios en estilos de vida de sobrevivientes de cáncer con recurrencia / Characterization of lifestyle changes of cancer survivors with recidivism

Introducción: Según la Organización Panamericana de Salud, la incidencia de cáncer va en aumento. Entre los cánceres más prevalentes en Antioquia (Colombia), se destacan el de pulmón, colorrectal, mama, próstata y estómago. Objetivo: Describir los cambios en el estilo de vida, de las personas que presentan recurrencia o un segundo diagnóstico de cáncer. Métodos: Se estudiaron datos sociodemográficos, tipo de cáncer, tanto primario como secundario, antecedentes personales y familiares, cambios en actividad física, horas de sueño, consumo de cigarrillo y licor. Resultados: El primer diagnóstico de "otros tipos de cáncer" fue el más común. El antecedente más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial, en casi 50 por ciento de los sujetos. Tras un primer diagnóstico de cáncer, tanto la práctica de actividad física, como el hábito de fumar y el consumo de alcohol, se redujeron de manera notoria en ambos sexos. En relación a la presencia de cáncer y los hábitos poco saludables, 28,1 por ciento de los hombres que reportaron ser fumadores, presentaron cáncer de próstata, donde el 25,8 por ciento tomaba licor. Conclusiones: Se observaron cambios destacados en los estilos de vida, en lo relacionado con el hábito de fumar, el cual disminuyó, al igual que el consumo de licor. Como aspecto negativo se observa la reducción en la práctica de actividad física y las horas dedicadas al sueño(AU)

Introduction: According to the Pan American Health Organization, the incidence of cancer is increasing. Among the most prevalent cancers in Antioquia (Colombia), there are lung, colorectal, breast, prostate and stomach. Objective: Describe the changes in lifestyle of people who have recurrence or a second diagnosis of cancer. Methods: Sociodemographic data, type of cancer, both primary and secondary, personal and family history, changes in physical activity, sleep hours, cigarette consumption and liquor were studied. Results: The first diagnosis of "other types of cancer" was the most common. Arterial hypertension was reported in almost 50 percent of the subjects. After a first diagnosis of cancer, both the practice of physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, were significantly reduced in both sexes. In relation to the presence of cancer and unhealthy habits, 28.1 percent of the men who reported being smokers had prostate cancer, where 25.8 percent consumed liquor. Conclusions: Notable changes in lifestyle were observed, in relation to the decrease in smoking, as well as the consumption of liquor. The negative aspect is the reduction in the practice of physical activity and the hours dedicated to sleep(AU)

Determinantes sociales del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes del Colegio Daniel Córdova de Cuenca: estudio transversal, 2016 / Social determinants of alcohol consumption in adolescents from Daniel Cordova High School in Cuenca: cross sectional study, 2016

Introduction: the alcohol consumption in adolescence is frequent and it is associated with social determinants. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption in adolescents of the Daniel Córdova High School in Cuenca - Ecuador and its association with some social determinants.Methods: it is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 218 adolescents. A questionnaire for demo-graphic variables, family structure and migration was used to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption, the diagnostic criteria of the DSM5 was used to identify the family functioning of the FF-SIL Test and for the lifestyle the FANTASTIC test was applied. The PR was obtained with its confidence intervals to control if the social determinants were a risk or protection factor for the alcohol consumption, and the statistical significance was determined with values of p <0.05.Results: the prevalence of alcohol consumption was 42.2%; a total of 56% of the students come from a "nuclear home", the 55% have a migrant relative, 39% have a good lifestyle and 50% be-long to families qualified as moderately functional. There is a statistically significant association with the fact of having a migrant family member, having a bad lifestyle and belonging to a reconstituted and dysfunctional family.Conclusion: the prevalence of alcohol consumption is higher than those reported in other studies carried out in Cuenca city high schools; It is associated with similar social determinants globally.(AU).

Introducción: el consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia es frecuente y se encuentra asociado a determinantes sociales. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en los adoles-centes del colegio "Daniel Córdova" de Cuenca ­ Ecuador y su asociación con algunos determinantes sociales.Métodos: estudio transversal, en una muestra de 218 adolescentes. Se usó un cuestionario para las variables demográficas, estructura familiar y migración; para determinar la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol se usó los criterios diagnósticos del DSM5, para identificar el funcionamiento fa-miliar el Test FF-SIL y para el estilo de vida el test FANTASTIC. Se obtuvo la RP con sus intervalos de confianza para determinar si los determinantes sociales fueron factor de riesgo o de protección para el consumo de alcohol y la significancia estadística se determinó con valores de p<0.05. Resultados: la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol fue del 42.2 %; el 56% de los estudiantes provienen de un "hogar nuclear", el 55% tienen algún fa-miliar migrante, el 39% tienen un buen estilo de vida y el 50% pertenecen a familias calificadas como moderadamente funcionales y existe asociación estadísticamente significativa con el hecho de tener un familiar migrante, poseer un mal estilo de vida y pertenecer a una familia reconstituida y disfuncional. Conclusión: la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol es mayor que los re-portados en otros estudios realizados en colegios de la ciudad de Cuenca y se asocia con determinantes sociales similares a nivel global.(AU).

Colorectal cancer in hispanics living near the U.S. - Mexico Border

Background The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the US has declined. The decreasing trend is observed in non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. However, close analysis of the trends demonstrates that the decline among Hispanics is less than other races/ethnicities. We investigate the burden of CRC in Hispanics living near the U.S.–Mexico border, a subpopulation of Hispanics composed primarily of individuals of Mexican origin. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate and compare incidence rates of CRC in non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics living in counties along the U.S.–Mexico border. Methods Data from the National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute and State Cancer Profiles were analyzed to obtain CRC incidence rates (per 100,000 population) for persons ≥ 50 years of age residing in counties along the U.S.–Mexico border by race (non-Hispanic White and Hispanic) and gender from 2011 to 2015. Results Incidence rates of CRC in Hispanic men ≥ 50 years of age, living in counties along the U.S.–Mexico border, were higher than the national average for Hispanic men of similar age. In contrast, the incidence of CRC declined or remained stable in non-Hispanic Whites and women. Conclusions Our study unveils a significant disparity in CRC incidence among Hispanics living near the U.S.–Mexico border, disproportionally affecting men ≥ 50 years of age. Socioeconomic and cultural/lifestyle factors are likely contributing to these disparities.

Prevención y control de la hipertensión arterial en estudiantes de la escuela "Antonio Rodríguez". Colón 2016 / Prevention and control of arterial hypertension in students from "Antonio Rodríguez" school. Colón 2016

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial es la más común de las condiciones que afectan mundialmente la salud de los individuos adultos, por lo que es importante que aumente la percepción de riesgo desde edades pediátricas. Objetivo: diseñar un proyecto de intervención educativa en adolescentes de la ESBU "Antonio Rodríguez", de Colón, para prevenir la hipertensión arterial en edades adultas y promover estilos de vida y entornos saludables. Materiales y métodos: constituyó un corte de un proyecto comunitario del Policlínico "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay". Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, durante febrero-mayo de 2016. La muestra fueron 158 adolescentes, de 9no grado, de la ESBU "Antonio Rodríguez" del municipio Colón. Se efectuaron las mediciones correspondientes y se elaboró una encuesta para la recogida de datos. Se estudiaron las variables siguientes: edad, sexo, raza, índice de masa corporal, hábitos tóxicos y hábitos alimentarios. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino y los estudiantes de raza blanca. Se diagnosticaron 58 pre-hipertensos y 3 hipertensos grado 1, que se estudiaron y trataron. Los factores de riesgo alimentario más frecuentes fueron la ingestión de potasio, calcio y sodio de riesgo. El tabaquismo pasivo prevaleció, y aunque, el estado nutricional normal fue el más frecuente, resultó alarmante el número de adolescentes bajo peso. Conclusiones: los malos hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida poco saludables fueron los factores de riesgo que más incidieron en los adolescentes de la muestra estudiada (AU).

Background: arterial hypertension is the most common of the conditions that affect health of adult persons all over the world, therefore it is very important to increase risk perception since pediatric ages. Objective: to design a project of educative intervention in teenagers from "Antonio Rodríguez" secondary school in the municipality of Colón to prevent arterial hypertension in adult ages and to promote healthy life styles and surroundings. Materials and methods: it was made a cut of a communitarian project of the polyclinic "Dr Carlos J. Finlay". A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out during the period February-May 2016. The sample were 158 ninth-grade teenagers belonging to "Antonio Rodríguez" secondary school of Colón municipality. The corresponding measures were taken and an inquiry was elaborated for collecting data. The studied variables were the following: age, sex, race, corporal mass index, toxic habits, and alimentary habits. Results: the female sex and white students predominated. 58 pre-hypertensive students and 3 grade-1 hypertensive ones were diagnosed. They were studied and treated. The most frequent alimentary risk factors were the ingestion of risk levels of potassium, calcium and sodium. Passive smoking prevailed and, although the normal nutritional status was the most frequent, it was alarming the number of low weight teenagers. Conclusions: bad alimentary habits and unhealthy life styles were the risk factors that stroke the most on the teenagers of the studied sample (AU).

Prevalence and distribution of hypertension in population aged 15 years and over in Guizhou province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the prevalence and distribution of hypertension in population aged 15 years and over in Guizhou province and provide evidence for the prevention and management of hypertension. Methods: Face to face interviews using national standard questionnaire were conducted among the study subjects selected in Guizhou through multi-stage random sampling. Blood pressure measurement for them was done with Omron HEM-1300 professional portable blood pressure monitor. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The ratio was compared by the χ(2) test. The influencing factors of hypertension was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 13 480 participants were investigated, including 5 509 (40.8%) men and 7 971 (59.2%) women; 6 558 (48.6%) urban residents and 6 922 (51.4%) rural residents. Among the subjects surveyed, 3 232 (23.9%) were smokers, 2 412 (17.9%) were alcoholic and 4 859 (36.0%) were obese or overweight. A total of 3 937 (29.2%) hypertension patients were found. The prevalence of hypertension was 29.2%. The standardized prevalence of hypertension were 18.97% (compared with national population composition) and 21.16% (compared with Guizhou province population composition), respectively. The hypertension prevalence in men and women were 29.8% and 28.8%, respectively. The hypertension prevalence in rural population (35.8%) was higher than that in urban population (22.2%). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The hypertension prevalence in people aged 65 years and over was 56.2%. The prevalence of hypertension were 34.3% and 27.6% in smokers and non-smokers, 39.2% and 27.0% in alcoholic and non-alcoholic and 40.7% and 22.7% in obese or overweight group and normal or less weight group, respectively. There were significant statistical differences in prevalence of hypertension among the population in urban area and rural area, with different age, education levels, smoking status, drinking status and BMI (P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension in Guizhou was at a high level. The hypertension prevalence in rural area was higher than that in urban area. Hypertension prevalence increased significantly with age. The prevalence of hypertension was negatively associated with the education level of the people. Older age, living in rural area, smoking, drinking, obesity were the risk factors for hypertension.

Narrativas de modos de vida na rua: histórias e percursos / Narrativas de modos de vida en la calle: historias y percursos / Narratives of ways of life in the street: stories and routes

RESUMO Esta pesquisa é de inspiração etnográfica, qualitativa, baseada nos princípios da pesquisa-intervenção e trabalhou com narrativas de vida de três mulheres que vivem da e ou na rua, com o objetivo conhecer seus modos de vida, táticas de sobrevivência e as práticas de resistência frente às diárias violações de direitos. Discute-se como cada uma das narrativas revelam as diversas formas de violação e exclusão, mas também as formas de resistência, operadas em reinvenções do cotidiano, da cidade, da vida. As formas de resistência, além de nos dizerem de outros modos de vida possíveis frente às dificuldades e violências cotidianas, através da arte, do trabalho, da solidariedade e da militância, nos fazem ver a maquinaria do poder operando na vida social em suas perversões na produção de vidas descartáveis.

RESUMEN Esta investigación es etnográfica, cualitativa, basada en los principios de la investigación-intervención y he trabajado con narrativas de vida de tres mujeres que viven en o de la calle, con el fin de conocer sus modos de vida, las tácticas de supervivencia y prácticas de resistencia frente a las diarias violaciones de derechos. Se discute no solo cómo cada uno de los relatos revela las diversas formas de violación y exclusión, sino también las formas de resistencia, operadas en reinvenciones de todos los días, de la ciudad, de la vida. Las formas de resistencia, además, nos cuentan sobre otras maneras posibles de vivir frente a las dificultades y la violencia diaria a través del arte, del trabajo, de la solidaridad y de la militancia, y nos hacen ver la maquinaria de poder trabajar en la vida social en sus perversiones en la producción de vidas desechables.

ABSTRACT This is an ethnographic and qualitative research based on the principles of intervention research and has worked with life narratives of three homeless women, with the objective of knowing their ways of life, survival tactics and practices of resistance to daily violations of rights. It is discussed how each narrative reveals the different forms of violation and exclusion, but also the forms of resistance, operated in reinventions of the city and everyday life. The forms of resistance, besides telling us other possible ways of life in the face of everyday difficulties and violence, through art, work, solidarity and militancy, make us see the mechanism of power operating in social life in its perverse production of disposable lives.

¿Población o muestra?: Una diferencia necesaria / Population or sample? A necessary difference

Recientemente se publicó en la revista un artículo,1que proporciona información relevante acerca del consumo de drogas y su relación con el estilo de vida en estudiantes de una facultad de comunicación. No obstante, es necesario establecer una diferencia en la descripción de los participantes del estudio. En el artículo objeto de análisis en esta carta, se refiere en la parte de resultado, que se ha hecho uso de una muestra. Sin embargo, una muestra es entendida como un subconjunto de la población conformado por unidades de análisis.2 Pese a ello, en ningún momento en el artículo se describe a la población. La población es un conjunto de elementos que contienen ciertas características que se pretenden estudiar.3 Por esa razón, entre la población y la muestra existe un carácter inductivo (de lo particular a lo general), esperando que la parte observada (en este caso la muestra) sea representativa de la realidad (entiéndase aquí a la población); para de esa forma garantizar las conclusiones extraídas en el estudio.4 Existen dos niveles de población, el primero,la población diana, que generalmente es muy grande y el investigador no logra tener acceso a ella y el segundo, la población accesible, en donde el número de elementos es menor y está delimitado por criterios de inclusión y exclusión.3Es en la última población en la que se realiza el muestreo y tamaño muestral. No obstante, en el artículo que se analiza, no indica la población accesible, pese a referir que se usó una muestra. De ser realmente una muestra, los autores debieron indicar, el tipo de muestreo, si este fue probabilístico o no probabilístico.5 En caso de usar el primero, debió referir si fue: simple, sistemático, estratificado y conglomerado; en caso del segundo, si fue por cuota, conveniencia o intencional. Por lo antes mencionado, se recomienda que la utilización correcta del término muestra; y que, en caso de referirla en un artículo, esta deba ir acompañada de la descripción de la población y el tipo de muestreo(AU)

Consumo de drogas y estilo de vida en estudiantes de la facultad de comunicación / Drug use and lifestyle of the communication faculty students

Objetivos: Valorar el consumo de drogas legales e ilegales en estudiantes de comunicación y su estilo de vida en relación con la dieta y ejercicios físicos. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva de corte transversal en estudiantes de periodismo. Se aplicó una encuesta anónima y todos firmaron el consentimiento de participación. Resultados: La muestra estaba compuesta por 56 (80 por ciento) muchachas y 14 (20 por ciento) varones. Se encontró una prevalencia de vida de 79 por ciento en el consumo de alcohol en todos los estudiantes, con un consumo actual de 57 por ciento, las féminas superaron a los hombres en los consumos reciente y actual. El consumo actual de tabaco fue de 27 por ciento, sin diferencia importante de género; para el café fue de 70 por ciento, mayor en las muchachas. En ambos sexos el consumo de drogas ilegales fue de 9 por ciento. El 47 por ciento del total de estudiantes realizaba actividad física y el 37 por ciento consumía una dieta adecuada. Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol en los estudiantes de periodismo es moderado e inferior al resto de los estudiantes de medicina cubanos y extranjeros estudiados. Hay un discreto consumo reciente y actual de drogas ilegales. El estilo de vida se acerca al sedentarismo(AU)

Objectives: To assess the use of legal and illegal drugs in the Comunications Faculty students and their lifestyle in terms of diet and exercising. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research of 70 journalism students. Anonymous surveys were administered after they having given their informed consent. Results: The sample consisted of 70 students involving 56 females (80 percent) and 14 males (20 percent). Life prevalence of 79 percent in alcohol consumption was found in all students, with a current consumption rate of 57 percent; women outnumbered men in the recent and current consumption rates. Current smoking reached 27 percent, with no significant gender differences; 70 percent for coffee, being higher in women. In both sexes the consumption of illegal drugs was 9 percent. Forty seven percent of students practiced exercising and and 37 percent had adequate diets. Conclusions: The alcohol consumption in journalism students is moderate and lower than that of the rest of Cuban and foreign medical students involved in the study. The recent and current consumption rates of illegal drugs is discreet. The lifestyle is close to sedentary lifestyle(AU)

Invariancia de la categoría de género en las diferencias conductuales en salud en hipertensos / Invariance of the gender category in the health-related behavioral differences found in hypertensive patients

Introducción: el abordaje de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y sus factores de riesgo -tales como hipertensión arterial- desde una perspectiva de género, está impulsado, entre otros motivos, por el hecho de que, tradicionalmente, estos trastornos fueron estudiados y comprendidos desde un enfoque androcéntrico. Objetivo: analizar la invariancia de la categoría de género como determinante cultural del comportamiento en relación con la salud-enfermedad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo-comparativo entre hombres y mujeres hipertensos/as, en relación con su estilo de vida teniendo en cuenta las diferencias halladas en los contratiempos cotidianos experimentados por ellos. Participaron 140 pacientes hipertensos esenciales, adultos, en tratamiento, reclutados de distintos centros de salud de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico, el inventario de contratiempos de la vida cotidiana y el Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Resultados: hombres y mujeres se diferenciaron estadísticamente en varias situaciones de contratiempo cotidiano, donde ellas manifestaron mayor grado de malestar. Estos pacientes se diferenciaron también en las dimensiones del estilo de vida responsabilidad con la salud a favor de las mujeres, y actividad física a favor de los varones. Conclusiones: se mantienen los patrones tradicionales relacionados con las prescripciones sociales de género basados en los respectivos estereotipos de lo femenino asociado a la expresividad, ternura y alta emocionalidad, y de lo masculino relacionado con la racionalidad y competencia. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia de apuntalar a cada grupo en aquellas áreas y comportamientos relacionad0os con la salud, que les son más difíciles de poner en práctica(AU)

Introduction: approach from a gender perspective to cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors as hypertension is prompted, among other things, by the fact that these disorders were traditionally studied and understood from an androcentric approach. Objectives: to analyze invariance of the gender category as a cultural determinant of health-disease related behavior. Methods: a critical-comparative study between hypertensive men and women regarding their lifestyle, taking into account the differences experienced in everyday setbacks. The sample was composed by 140 adult patients with essential hypertension under treatment and recruited from different health centers in Buenos Aires (Argentina). They answered a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Inventory of Daily Life Setbacks and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Results: men and women exhibited statistical differences in various situations involving daily setbacks, being women the ones who manifested higher degree of discomfort. There were also differences as to some lifestyle dimensions: Health responsibility in favor of women and Physical activity in favor of men. Conclusions: certain patterns related to social gender prescriptions, based on traditional stereotypes of femininity associated with expressiveness and emotion whereas masculinity is linked to rationality and competence. These findings reveal the importance of supporting each group in those areas and behaviors related to health that are more difficult for them to put into practice(AU)

Unraveling Brazilian Indian population prostate good health: clinical, anthropometric and genetic features

Purpose To compare dietary, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric, genetic and prostatic features of Brazilian Indians and non-Indians (Amazon). Methods 315 men, 228 Indians and 89 non-Indians, ≥40 years old were submitted to digital rectal examination, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, TP53 and GSTP1 genotyping, anthropometric, lifestyle, dietary, personal and familial medical history. Prostatic symptoms were evaluated with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Results Macuxis and Yanomamis represented 43.6% and 14.5% of Indians respectively who spontaneously referred no prostate symptoms. Mean IPSS was 7, range 3-19, with only 15% of moderate symptoms (score 8-19); Mean age was 54.7 years, waist circumference 86.6 cm, BMI 23.9 kg/m2. Yanomamis presented both lower BMI (21.4 versus 24.8 and 23.3, p=0,001) and prostate volume than Macuxis and “other ethnic groups” (15 versus 20, p=0.001). Testosterone (414 versus 502 and 512, p=0.207) and PSA (0.48 versus 0.6 and 0.41, p=0.349) were similar with progressive PSA increase with aging. Val/Val correlated with lower PSA (p=0.0361). Indians compared to control population presented: - TP53 super representation of Arg/Arg haplotype, 74.5% versus 42.5%, p<0.0001. -GSTP1 Ile/Ile 35.3% versus 60.9%; Ile/Val 45.9% versus 28.7%; Val/Val 18.8% versus 10.3%; p=0.0003. Conclusions Observed specific dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric and genetic profile for TP53 and GSTP1 may contribute to Brazilian Indian population prostate good health. .

Empowerment, uso dos serviços e fatores associados em adultos brasileiros / Empowerment, use of services and associated factors in brazilian adult

O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar os adultos residentes em municípios do entorno de Belo Horizonte (zona urbana), Minas Gerais, Brasil, (1) testando a associação do empowerment individual e coletivo e fatores associados e (2) a associação entre características do uso de serviços odontológicos entre adultos e fatores associados. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra probabilística, em adultos de 35 a 44 anos de ambos os sexos, calculada pela estimativa para proporções, poder de teste de 80% nível de significância de 5% deff igual a 2.0 com correção para amostras complexas em todas as análise. Dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas e exame da cavidade bucal nos domicílios, após a realização de um estudo piloto (n=98) cujos participantes não foram incluídos no estudo principal...

Caracterización epidemiológica de la enfermedad hemorroidal aguda en hospitales seleccionados en Cuba (noviembre de 2011 a enero 2012) / Epidemiological characterization of acute hemorrhoidal disease in selected hospitals in Cuba (November 2011 to January 2012)

Introducción: la enfermedad hemorroidal constituye un problema de salud mundial y Cuba; sin embargo, la literatura no recoge información epidemiológica sobre la población cubana. Por lo que este trabajo caracteriza la enfermedad hemorroidal aguda en hospitales cubanos seleccionados, con particular énfasis en los factores de riesgo que favorecen su aparición. Objetivos: identificar los principales factores de riesgo, sus características demográficas y de base; hábitos tóxicos y alimenticios, así como modos y estilos de vida, que favorecen la aparición de una enfermedad hemorroidal aguda. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en 11 servicios cubanos de Coloproctología. Se incluyeron 510 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad hemorroidal aguda, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 75 años, que dieron su consentimiento de participación en el estudio. A todos los pacientes se les aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica que indagaba acerca de los hábitos tóxicos y alimenticios, así como modos y estilos de vida, los cuales son reconocidos como factores de riesgo para la aparición de la enfermedad. Resultados: casi el 75 por ciento de los pacientes comenzó con la enfermedad. Predominaron las hemorroides externas y los signos y síntomas más frecuentes fueron el dolor anal, la sensación de masa, el edema y el sangramiento rectal. La mitad de los pacientes ingiere bebidas alcohólicas y la mayoría consume café, alimentos condimentados y requiere una posición erecta o permanecer sentado durante largos períodos de tiempo, para sus actividades cotidianas. Pocos pacientes consumen altos contenidos de fibras en la dieta, así como abundante agua. Conclusiones: se corrobora la presencia de factores de riesgo e inadecuados modos y estilos de vida en la población cubana que facilitan o propician la aparición de un episodio agudo hemorroidal(AU)

Introduction: hemorrhoidal disease is a global health problem. In Cuba, however, epidemiological data about the population is not available in the literature on the subject. That is the reason why the present paper is aimed at characterizing acute hemorrhoidal disease in selected Cuban hospitals, with particular emphasis on the risk factors leading to its appearance. Objectives: identify the main risk factors, demographic and base features, toxic and eating habits, and life styles and modes, leading to the appearance of acute hemorrhoidal disease. Methods: an observational descriptive study was conducted in 11 Cuban coloproctology services. The sample consisted of 510 patients aged 18-75 diagnosed with acute hemorrhoidal disease, who gave their consent to participate in the study. All patients were given an epidemiological survey about toxic and eating habits, and life styles and modes perceived as risk factors for the disease. Results: almost 75 percent of the patients developed the disease. There was a predominance of external hemorrhoids, and the most common signs and symptoms were anal pain, mass sensation, edema and rectal bleeding. Half the patients consume alcohol and most drink coffee, eat spicy foods and must remain in a standing or sitting position for long periods during their daily activities. Few patients consume a fiber-rich diet and abundant water. Conclusions: corroboration was made of the presence of risk factors and inadequate life styles and modes among the Cuban population which lead to the occurrence of acute hemorrhoidal episodes(AU)

Helicobacter pylori infection: seroprevalence and predictors among healthy individuals in Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections among humans worldwide. However, there is no information on the epidemiology of H. pylori infection in Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori in asymptomatic healthy individuals and the possible relationship between H. pylori infection and sociodemographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors in this region

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a consecutive sample of asymptomatic healthy individuals. A pilot-tested interview format was used as the research tool. Venous blood was collected from individuals and sera were separated. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine H. pylori IgG antibody levels in all serum samples

Results: A total of 456 samples were collected. H. pylori antibodies were found in 129 [28.3%] individuals. Seroprevalence of 16.9% was found in individuals younger than 20 years of age, which gradually increased with age and reached 36.8% by the age of 50. After controlling for the confounding factors, significant independent predictors of seropositive state were: rural residence [odds ratio [OR]=2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.3, 4.7], crowded housing [OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1, 2.6], low socioeconomic status [OR=3.3, 95% CI=1.6, 8.8], using tanks for drinking water supply [OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.2, 7.4], active smoking [OR=5.6, 95% CI=3.2, 9.8], alcohol drinking [OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.5, 6.2], eating raw vegetables [OR=3.2, 95% CI=1.4, 7.1], eating spicy food [OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.3, 3.5], and presence of asthmatic/atopic symptoms [OR=2.5, 95% CI=1.3, 5.9]. No associations were found between infection and age, gender, source of sewage disposal, eating fruits, or family history of upper gastrointestinal symptoms

Conclusion and recommendations: Infection with H. pylori is declining among healthy individuals of Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Infection is acquired at an early age and reaches up to 36.9% as age advances. The risk of H. pylori seropositivity was related to socioeconomic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. A nationwide epidemiological study is warranted to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori in Saudi Arabia

Impacto de una intervención educativa en escolares y madres de familia para la disminución de sobrepeso / Impact of an educational intervention in school and mothers for reducing overweight

Introducción: La nutrición tiene un papel de gran importancia en la salud; la obesidad es resultado de un desequilibrio entre la ingestión y el gasto energético. En México (2006), la prevalencia nacional combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de 5 a 11 años fue de alrededor del 26% para ambos sexos. Objetivo: Medir el impacto de una intervención educativa para disminuir el sobrepeso con base en los estilos de vida en una población de escolares de 6 a 11 años de edad. Metodología: Considerando el grave problema de salud que representa el sobrepeso y la obesidad en la población escolar, se propone este estudio cuasiexperimental, longitudinal correlacional y comparativo. Resultados: El pre-test arrojó que el nivel de conocimientos de madres y niños sobre la nutrición era insuficiente; los estilos de vida saludables se hallaron en nivel óptimo para las madres y suficiente para los niños, sin detectarse diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo experimental y el grupo control. Posterior a la intervención, existieron diferencias significativas entre el grupo experimental de madres, aumentando los conocimientos y mejorando las actitudes, mientras que en los niños no hubo diferencias significativas. Discusión y conclusiones: Se requiere complementar la actividad física con hábitos alimenticios adecuados, reconociendo la necesidad de un trabajo multidisciplinario y la participación activa de la sociedad.

Introduction: Nutrition is one of the principal determinant of health; obesity is the result of an imbalance between intake and energy expenditure. In Mexico (2006), the combined national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years, was around 26% for both sexes. Objective: To measure the impact of an educational intervention to reduce overweight based on the lifestyles of a population of schoolchildren aged 6 to 11 years old. Methodology: Considering the serious health problem of overweight and obesity in school children is that it is proposed to study quasi-experimental, correlational and comparative longitudinal. Results: The pre-test showed that the level of knowledge of mothers and children, about of nutrition, was at insufficient levels, and lifestyles, were found at optimum level for mothers and children sufficient. No statistically significant differences between experimental and control group. After the intervention there were significant differences between experimental group of mothers by increasing knowledge and attitudes, while the children did not differ significantly by group. Discussion and conclusions: We require complementary efforts to food and nutrition on the incorporation of physical activity and proper dietary habits, recognizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach and active participation in society.

Estágios de mudança de comportamento e percepção de barreiras para a prática de atividade física em universitários do curso de educação física / Stages of behavior change and perception of barriers to the practice of physical activity in physical education students

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre os estágios de mudança de comportamento e percepção de barreiras para a prática de atividade física por universitários. Fizeram parte da amostra 153 acadêmicos do curso de Educação Física, período noturno, de uma universidade do noroeste do estado do Paraná. Como instrumentos foram utilizados o Algoritmo dos Estágios de Mudança de Comportamento, o Questionário de Percepção de Barreiras, o Questionário da Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP) e uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos. Para a análise dos dados, utilizaram-se a estatística descritiva, o teste do Qui-quadrado e o Exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Grande parte dos acadêmicos era do gênero feminino (57,5%), solteira (90,1%), pertencente às classes econômicas A e B (60,1%), praticante de esportes na infância e adolescência (88%) e eutrófica (80%). Em relação aos estágios de mudança de comportamento, a maioria dos estudantes se encontrava nos estágios considerados fisicamente ativos (manutenção e ação ? 56,9%). No entanto, cerca de 40% não apresentou um estilo de vida fisicamente ativo, estando nos estágios de preparação, contemplação e pré-contemplação. As principais barreiras percebidas foram jornada de trabalho extensa (45,1%) e jornada de estudo extensa (37,9%). Houve associação significativa entre estágios de mudança de comportamento e barreiras como jornada de trabalho extensa (p = 0,011), falta de companhia (p = 0,005), falta de energia (p = 0,006) e falta de espaço disponível (p = 0,044), com maiores proporções de acadêmicos nos estágios considerados fisicamente inativos ou irregularmente ativos entre aqueles que percebiam essas barreiras. Concluiu-se que estudantes que se encontravam nos estágios de pré-contemplação, contemplação e preparação perceberam como barreiras para a atividade física fatores relacionados a compromissos, companhia, ambiente e energia para a prática.

This study aimed to analyze the association between the stages of behavior change and perception of barriers to the practice of physical activity in college students. The subjects were 153 academics of the Physical Education course, nocturnal period, of a northwestern university of the Paraná state. The instruments used were Algorithm of the Stages of Behavior Change, Questionnaire of Perception of Barriers, Questionnaire of the Brazilian Association of Companies of Research (ABEP) and demographic data sheet. For the data analysis it was used descriptive statistics, the Qui-square and exact of Fisher test (p<0.05). Most students were female (57.5%), single (90.1%), economic classes A and B (60.1%), practitioners of sports in childhood and adolescence (88%) and eutrophic (80%). Regarding the stages of behavior change most students were considered in physically active stages (action and maintenance -56.9%). However, about 40.0% did not have a physically active lifestyle, lying in the stages of preparation, pre-contemplation and contemplation. The main perceived barriers were extended working hours (45.1%) and extensive studying hours (37.9%). There was significant association between practice of physical activity and extensive hours of working (p = 0.011), lack of company (p = 0.005), lack of energy (p= 0.006) and lack of available space (p = 0.044), with higher proportions of students in stages considered physically inactive or irregularly active among those who perceived these barriers. It was concluded that students who were in the stages of pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation perceived as barriers to physical activity factors related to appointments, company, environment and energy to practice.

Nível de atividade física e variáveis associadas em idosos longevos de Antônio Carlos, SC / Physical activity level and variables related in the oldest old of Antonio Carlos, SC

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de atividade física (NAF) e sua associação com variáveis de saúde e estilo de vida em idosos longevos do município de Antônio Carlos ? Santa Catarina. A amostra compreendeu todos 124 idosos (71 mulheres) ambulantes e não acamados, cadastrados no programa Estratégia Saúde da Família de AC, com idade igual ou superior a 80 anos. Foi utilizado questionário abordando informações sobre variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e estilo de vida. Foram realizadas medidas de massa corporal e estatura para obtenção do Índice de Massa Corporal. Para apresentação dos dados foi utilizada estatística descritiva e para verificar a associação entre o NAF (Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física) e as variáveis explanatórias foram aplicados os testes Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher unilateral, adotando como critério de significância o valor de ?p? ? 0,05. A média etária dos participantes foi 84,3 ± 4,46 anos. Mais da metade (54,8%) praticava menos que 150 minutos por semana de atividades moderadas e a média de tempo sentado por dia foi de 5,23 ± 2,11 horas. Os idosos que não atendiam as recomendações de prática de atividades físicas para saúde apresentaram maiores prevalências de déficit cognitivo (p = 0,04), percepção negativa de saúde (p = 0,03) e ficavam mais tempo sentados (p = 0,03). A relação entre baixo NAF e percepção negativa da saúde e declínio cognitivo, reforça a importância do incentivo à realização de atividade física regular na população idosa, juntamente com alimentação adequada, almejando envelhecimento mais saudável.

This study aimed to evaluate the physical activity level (PAL) and the association with health and lifestyle variables in the oldest old inhabitants of Antonio Carlos ? Santa Catarina. The sample consisted of all 124 elderly (71 women) walking and not bedridden, registered at the Family Health Strategy of AC, with aged 80 years or more. A questionnaire was utilized and included information on sociodemographic variables, health and lifestyle. Weight and height were measured and body mass index calculated. We used descriptive statistics, and Chi-square test or Fisher?s exact one-sided (p ? .05) examined associations between PAL (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and explanatory variables. The mean age of participants was 84.3 ± 4.46 years. More than half (54.8%) performed less than 150 minutes per week of moderate activity, and the mean sitting time per day was 5.23 ± 2.11 hours. The elderly who did not meet the recommendations of physical activity to health had a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (p = .04), negative perception of health (p = .03), and more time spent sitting (p = .03). The relationship between low physical activity levels with negative health perception and cognitive decline reinforces the importance of encouraging regular physical activity in the oldest old population, accompanied with adequate food, aiming for a healthier aging.

Sobrepeso en adolescentes y su relación con algunos factores sociodemográficos / The excess weight in adolescents and its relation to some sociodemographic factors

Introducción: el sobrepeso en la adolescencia se relaciona con el desarrollo precoz de aterosclerosis, por lo que se considera una señal aterogénica temprana. Objetivo: determinar la relación del sobrepeso con algunos factores sociodemográficos y estilos de vida. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de tipo transversal en 252 adolescentes de 16 a 19 años, de una población de 347 adolescentes, del policlínico Héroes del Moncada, municipio Plaza de la Revolución. Se utilizó el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigaciones y Referencias de La Habana. Se realizaron mensuraciones del peso, la talla y la circunferencia de la cintura, se determinó el índice de masa corporal, evaluando el estado nutricional según las tablas cubanas. Las variables sociodemográficas estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, escolaridad de los padres, condiciones de la vivienda y estructura familiar. La actividad física, fue clasificada según lo referido por el adolescente. Resultados: el 18,3 porciento de los adolescentes, presentó sobrepeso y obesidad, con predominio del sexo masculino. En el grupo con sobrepeso el mayor porcentaje de las madres tenían un nivel de escolaridad técnico medio y preuniversitario y procedían de familias monoparenterales. La actividad física intensa fue menor en los adolescentes con sobrepeso

Introduction: the excess weight in adolescence is related to the early development of the atherosclerosis, thus, it is considered an early atherogenic signal. Objective: to determine the relation of excess weight with some sociodemographic factors and lifestyle. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted in 252 adolescents aged 16-19 from a group of 347 adolescents of the Héroes del Moncada University Polyclinic, Plaza de La Revolución municipality. Authors used a form of collection of primary datum of the Center of Researches and References of La habana. The weight, height and waist circumference measurement was carried out determining the body mass index and assessment of nutritional status according to the Cuban tables. The study sociodemographic variables were: age, sex, parents schooling, house conditions and family structure. The physical activity was classified according to the recount by the adolescent. Results: ahe 18.3 percent of adolescents had excess weight and obesity with predominance of male sex. In the group with excess weight the great percentage of mothers had a middle technician and pre-university and came from mono-parent. The intensive physical activity was less in excess weight adolescents