Injection safety and Indian Academy of Pediatrics.

A major proportion of injections administered in India are unsafe. Unsafety is due to (1) steps that are associated with increased risk of spread of blood borne viruses and (2) errors related to technique of injection and faulty habits. Recommendations of Indian Academy of Pediatrics revolve round the following points: Equipment related, safe injection practices, best injection techniques, rational injection practices, prevention of needle stick injuries and reducing disease transmission recommendation for HIV-PEP (postexposure prophylaxis), HBV-PEP, disposal of syringes and sharps. The points have been discussed elaborately.

Injections--how safe.

Injection, is a skin-piercing event performed by a syringe and needle with the purpose of introducing a curative substance or vaccine in a patient. According to WHO, safe injection is one which does not harm to the recepient, does not expose the health worker to any risk and does not result in waste that is dangerous for the community. To achieve this injection should be prepared on a clean workspace, provider should clean his hands appropriately, sterility of the syringe and needle to be maintained, skin of the recipient should be cleaned and above all sharps waste should be managed appropriately. Common danger of unsafe injection is infection. Most medication used in primary care can be administered orally. So firstly the behaviour of healthcare providers and patients must be changed so as to decrease overuse of injections, secondly provision of sufficient quantities of appropriate injection equipment and infection control supplies should be made available and thirdly a sharp waste management system should be set up.

Introducción a la validación de inyectables de pequeño volumen / Inyection validation of short volume

En la actualidad, la validación es el procedimiento por el cual se verifica de la mejor manera el grado de cumplimiento de las normas de buenas prácticas de manufactura para la producción de un medicamento en este caso, un inyectable. Para que un proceso de validación pueda ser implementado requiere de una exigenica mínima, es decir, el establecimiento de un programa mínimo que comprende muchos aspectos. Un programa de validación no puede ser implementado como un hecho aislado, sino con una base de continuidad o periodicidad, con acciones de seguimiento, tendientes a mejorar aquello que fue encontrado válido y a sustituir aquella que ha sido encontrado innecesaria, estableciéndose una política en la cual un nuevo método o procedimiento debe ser evaluado o validado antes de ser implementado. Es necesario que los Organismos Oficiales de Salud del País, dicten normas respecto a la validación en la Industria Farmacéutica, a la par de las que se implementan en otros países.