Nitrogênio e fósforo no desenvolvimento inicial da guavira [Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess. ) O. Berg] cultivada em vasos / Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on initial development of guavira [Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess. ) O. Berg] cultivated in pots

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial da guavira (Campomanesia adamantium) cultivada sob diferentes doses de fósforo e nitrogênio. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, em Dourados-MS. Foram estudadas cinco doses de fósforo (20, 120, 200, 280 e 380 kg ha-1), na forma de superfosfato simples e cinco doses de nitrogênio (6, 36, 60, 84 e 114 kg ha-1), na forma de sulfato de amônio. Os tratamentos foram definidos utilizando-se a matriz experimental Plan Puebla III, dando origem a nove combinações, respectivamente, de doses de fósforo e de nitrogênio (kg ha-1): 280 e 84; 280 e 36; 120 e 6; 120 e 36; 120 e 84; 200 e 60; 380 e 84, 20 e 36 e 280 e 114. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A unidade experimental foi composta por cinco vasos, com uma planta por vaso. A colheita das plantas foi feita aos 270 dias após o transplante (DAT). Sob as maiores doses de P e N utilizadas observaram-se as maiores alturas de plantas (38,12 cm), aos 261 DAT; o maior número de folhas por planta (54), aos 186 DAT; a maior massa seca de folhas (5,68 g planta-1), a maior área foliar (610 cm² planta-1), a maior massa seca de raiz (6,2 g planta-1) e o maior número de ramos (3 planta-1) aos 270 DAT. O teor de clorofila foi em média de 36 ICF. Recomenda-se o uso de 380 kg ha-1 de fósforo e de 114 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio para o melhor desenvolvimento inicial da guavira.

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the initial development of Campomanesia adamantium grown under different phosphorus and nitrogen rates. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados-MS. It was studied five phosphorus rates (20, 120, 200, 280 and 380 kg ha-1) in the form of superphosphate and five nitrogen rates (6, 36, 60, 84 and 114 kg ha-1) in the form of ammonium sulfate. Treatments were defined using the Plan Puebla experimental matrix, resulting in nine combinations, respectively, of phosphorus and nitrogen (kg ha-1): 280 and 84, 280 and 36, 120 and 6, 120 and 36, 120 and 84, 200 and 60, 380 and 84, 20 and 36 and 280 and 114. The experimental design was randomized block with four replications. Experimental unit consisted of five vessels, with one plant per pot. The trial harvest was carried out 270 days after transplanting (DAT). Highest rates of N and P resulted on the greatest plant height (38.12 cm) reached after 261 DAT, maximum number of leaves per plant (54) at 186 DAT, highest dry weight of leaves (13.99 and 5.68 g plant-1) and root (15.9 and 6.2 g plant-1), greatest leaf area (610 cm² plant-1) and number of branches (3 planta-1), all at 270 DAT. The average of Chlorophyll levels was 36 ICF. Thus, it's recommend the supply of high doses of phosphorus (380 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (114 kg ha-1) for guavira cultivation.

Catabolismo muscular nos pacientes com infarto agudo do moicárdio / Muscular catabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Introdução: O trauma e a sepse apresentam demanda metabólica aumentada devido à tríplice liberação hormonal com consequente aumento do catabolismo muscular. O infarto agudo do miocárdio(IAM) também pode ser considerado um trauma por apresentar as alterações hormonais características da fase aguda do estresse.Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de catabolismo muscular, quantificado pela excreção urinária de nitrogênio uréico em urina de 24 horas, nos pacientes admitidos com IAM.Métodos: Analisados prospectivamente 22 pacientes internados com IAM, sendo 12 de parede inferior e 10 de anterior, caracterizados elétrica e bioquimicamente com injúria e necrose transmural. A área do infarto foi diagnosticada pelo eletrocardiograma e confirmada pelas alterações no ecocardiograma. Foram excluídos os pacientes com insuficiência renal, IAM não transmural(ausência da onda Q evolutiva) e aqueles com mais de 48 horas de IAM. A coleta de urina de 24 horas foi realizada no 1º, 3º e 5º dias de internação para a quantificação da uréia excretada. O nitrogênio urinário foi calculado a partir da uréia, considerando-se um percentual nitrogendo de 46.66 por cento na molécula uréica. A avaliação estatística foi realizada pela análise de variância two way e pelo teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5 po cento.Resultados: O IAM, tanto anterior como inferior, apresenta catabolismo muscular evolutivo(terceiro dia) caracterizado como moderado(N2Dia3/Dia1, p igual 0,001). O catabolismo muscular foi idêntico mo IAM anterior e inferior (p igual 0,49). O catabolismo muscular é revertido no quinto dia.Conclusão: Os pacientes com IAM apresentaram um aumento reversível do catabolismo muscular

Pesticide induced alterations of non-protein nitrogenous constituents in the serum of a fresh water cat fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.).

A freshwater cat fish was exposed to sublethal concentrations of two pesticides--carbaryl, a carbamate and phorate, an organophosphorus pesticide for 24, 72, 120 and 168 hr. The alterations in the serum profile of non protein nitrogen compounds demonstrated an increase in urea, uric acid and creatinine throughout the experimental period.

Plasma reactive nitrogen intermediate levels in patients with clinically active rheumatoid arthritis.

We studied reactive nitrogen intermediate levels in 31 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) taking indomethacin and 20 healthy controls using nitrite and citrulline levels, measured by spectrophotometry, as markers. Twenty patients with RA were followed up after 4 and 8 wk of treatment with additional therapy in the form of methotrexate. Mean nitrite levels in 31 patients were 0.94 +/- 0.41 mumol/ml and 20 controls it was 1.18 +/- 0.99. After treatment with methotrexate for 4 and 8 wk the levels were 0.9 +/- 0.45 and 1.25 +/- 1.15 mumol/ml, respectively. Mean citrulline levels in all patients was 1.68 +/- 0.11 and controls was 1.39 +/- 0.6 mumol/ml. Following therapy with methotrexate for 4 and 8 wk the levels were 1.40 +/- 0.49 and 1.40 +/- 0.51 mumol/ml, respectively. It is possible that serum levels of these products may not reflect alterations in the synovial fluid levels. Alternatively, whatever lowering may have been achieved by the anti-inflammatory effect of the therapy may have been countered by drug derived free radicals.

Effect of alkaloidal extract from Clerodendron colebrookianum on hematological parameters and hepatorenal functions in mice.

Effects of multiple weekly (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) and daily therapeutic (2, 4 and 8 mg/kg) ip doses of C. colebrookianum leaf extract on liver and kidney functions and hematological parameters in mice were studied. No alteration in hematological and biochemical parameters at low and moderate dose level of daily and low dose level of weekly treatment of alkaloidal extract was observed. However, alkaloidal extract at moderate dose in weekly treatment increased significantly serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, nonprotein nitrogen, blood urea, plasma protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. High dose of alkaloidal extract increased all the above parameters of weekly treated mice including serum aspartate aminotransferase and plasma cholesterol and decreased significantly serum bilirubin and clotting time. Whereas, in high dose daily treatment erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content were increased and serum bilirubin was decreased. The present study reveals that the high dose (above 40 mg/kg body weight) of alkaloidal extract of C. colebrookianum affects liver and kidney functions and metabolism and also alters only clotting time and ESR whereas the therapeutic dose level (hypotensive action at 2 to 8 mg/kg, i.v., dose level) did not exhibit any toxic action on the above mentioned system; the toxic action may be due to overdose. Hepatorenal dysfunction and alteration of hematological parameters were noted at moderate and high dose in a dose dependent manner.

Repercusiones hemodinamicas y pulmonares de la embolia aerea en posición sentado / Haemodynamic and respiratory repercussions of venous air embolization in the sitting position

La embolia aérea puede ocurrir cada vez que exista una gradiente entre la altura de cavidades cardiacas derechas y el lugar donde se realiza la intervención. Este último debe estar a mayor altura. La entrada de aire al sistema venoso es un riesgo significativo de la posición sentado empleada en procedimiento neuroquirúrgicos. El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar nuestra incidencia de embolia aérea y sus repercusiones cardiopulmonares. Fueron estudiados 50 pacientes operados en posición sentada en forma consecutiva. El diagnóstico de embolia aérea se formuló sólo cuando se aspiró aire através del catéter central. Nueve enfermos (18%) presentaron una embolia aérea. La monitorización de estos pacientes con Doppler, presión venosa central, presión arterial directa, electrocardiografía continua, gases arteriales pre y postembolia permitió evidenciar que en el 55% de las embolias hay hipotensión arterial significativa con presiones arteriales medias bajo 50 mmHg. Tres de los pacientes con embolia aérea presentaron extrasistolia ventricular frecuente y dos de ellos tuvieron un alza mayor de un 50% en la presión venosa central. 44% de los pacientes que tuvieron una embolia aérea presentaron un alza en la PaCO2 y 33% una caída en la PaO2 inmediatamente después del episodio embólico. Ningún paciente presentó problemas pulmonares clínicamente significativos en el postoperatorio. En esta serie no hubo mortalidad. La embolia aérea es un cuadro grave. El Doppler se mostró como el monitor de mayor sensibilidad para el diagnóstico y nos parece indispensable contar con un catéter central para un tratamiento adecuado. La posición sentado por los riesgos que conlleva debe reservarse exclusivamente para cirugía que no pueda realizarse en otra posición

Nutritional balance studies: evaluation of a premature infant formula

Se evaluó una fórmula infantil para prematuros (Enfamil Premature Formula) de 24 Kcal/oz (81 Kcal/100 ml) con un contenido mineral moderadamente alto (117 mg Ca/dl y 58 mg P/100 ml) y un contenido proteínico de 3 g/100 Kcal, en 16 períodos de balance de tres días de duración cada uno, al 10§ y 21§ día de edad en nueve recién nacidos prematuros cuyo peso al nacer fluctuada entre 1,200 y 1,400 g. La velocidad de crecimiento observada fue similar a la velocidad intrauterina, y la fórmula fue bien aceptada y tolerada. Las retenciones de calcio (62.5%) fueron similares al aumento intrauterino, y la retención de fósforo fue ligeramente menor. Se notó una retención nitrogenada elevada sin desarrollo de acidosis metabólica ni anormalidad en los valores séricos de urea

Alterations of some chemical constituents in blood and liver of jowar fed chicks.

The affect of feeding jowar (Sorghum vulgare) was investigated in day old chicks for the periods of 10 and 30 days. Similar chicks serving as controls were fed on Hindlever Poultry feed. The jowar fed chicks showed marked reduction in growth, poor development of comb and feathers, and symptoms of nicotinic acid deficiency. Biochemical investigations showed that plasma alpha-amino nitrogen was significantly reduced in jowar fed groups, indicating the deficiency of utilisable proteins in these chicks. The blood sugar levels in chicks fed on jowar for 10 and 30 days were significantly higher as compared to the respective controls. Liver glycogen in 10 days jowar fed chicks was significantly greater than in the control group. These observations have been explained to be due to reduced utilization of glucose through glycolysis.

A study of some nitrogenous constituents in the newborn infants and their mothers.

Blood chemistry of 50 newborn infants and their mothers were studied for nitrogenous constituents of blood, i.e. urea, uric acid, creatinine, total proteins and their fractions. Total serum proteins, albumin and fractions of globulin of infants were found significantly lower than their mothers though the cord blood showed direct relationship to that of the maternal serum proteins. Values of total serum proteins of Indian infants were low as compared to their foreign counterparts. By contrast, globulin level was higher. Though the blood urea levels of infants and their mothers were within the normal range, the mean blood urea level of infants was significantly higher than their mothers. No significant difference was found in the mean uric acid and mean creatinine levels of the cord blood and maternal blood.

Potassium nitrogen ratio as a guide parameter for post-operative intra venous alimentation

Thirty consecutive patient operated upon for cancer oesophagus and stomach were chosen at random for this study. A control group of 10 patients were not treated by intravenous alimentation, while the remaining 20 patients received intravenous alimentation. The K:N ratio was used as a guide parameter for the metabolic changes in each group. The K:N ratio and the N-balance can indicate the metabolic state and the ratio is an earlier indicator and useful guide parameter m such cases