Rudimentary horn pregnancy: clinical analysis of 12 cases and literature review / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatments and fertility recovery of rudimentary horn pregnancy (RHP). Methods: The clinical data of 12 cases with RHP diagnosed and treated in Peking University Third Hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical informations, diagnosis and treatments of RHP and the pregnancy status after surgery were analyzed. Results: The median age of 12 RHP patients was 29 years (range: 24-37 years). Eight cases of pregnancy in residual horn of uterus occurred in type Ⅰ residual horn of uterus, 4 cases occurred in type Ⅱ residual horn of uterus; among which 5 cases were misdiagnosed by ultrasound before surgery. All patients underwent excision of residual horn of uterus and affected salpingectomy. After surgery, 9 patients expected future pregnancy, and 3 cases of natural pregnancy, 2 cases of successful pregnancy through assisted reproductive technology. Four pregnancies resulted in live birth with cesarean section, and 1 case resulted in spontaneous abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. No uterine rupture or ectopic pregnancy occurred in subsequent pregnancies. Conclusions: Ultrasonography could aid early diagnosis of RHP while misdiagnosis occurred in certain cases. Thus, a comprehensive judgment and decision ought to be made based on medical history, physical examination and assisted examination. Surgical exploration is necessary for diagnosis and treatment of RHP. For infertile patients, assisted reproductive technology should be applied when necessary. Caution to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy complications such as uterine rupture, and application of cesarean section to terminate pregnancy are recommended.

Risk Factors Associated with Uterine Rupture and Dehiscence: A Cross-Sectional Canadian Study / Fatores de risco associados à ruptura uterina e deiscência: Um estudo transversal canadense

Abstract Objective To compare maternal and perinatal risk factors associated with complete uterine rupture and uterine dehiscence. Methods Cross-sectional study of patients with uterine rupture/dehiscence from January 1998 to December 2017 (30 years) admitted at the Labor and Delivery Unit of a tertiary teaching hospital in Canada. Results There were 174 (0.1%) cases of uterine disruption (29 ruptures and 145 cases of dehiscence) out of 169,356 deliveries. There were associations between dehiscence and multiparity (odds ratio [OR]: 3.2; p=0.02), elevated maternal body mass index (BMI; OR: 3.4; p=0.02), attempt of vaginal birth after a cesarian section (OR: 2.9; p=0.05) and 5-minute low Apgar score (OR: 5.9; p<0.001). Uterine rupture was associated with preterm deliveries (36.5 ± 4.9 versus 38.2 ± 2.9; p=0.006), postpartum hemorrhage (OR: 13.9; p<0.001), hysterectomy (OR: 23.0; p=0.002), and stillbirth (OR: 8.2; p<0.001). There were no associations between uterine rupture and maternal age, gestational age, onset of labor, spontaneous or artificial rupture of membranes, use of oxytocin, type of uterine incision, and birthweight. Conclusion This large cohort demonstrated that there are different risk factors associated with either uterine rupture or dehiscence. Uterine rupture still represents a great threat to fetal-maternal health and, differently from the common belief, uterine dehiscence can also compromise perinatal outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar os fatores de risco maternos e perinatais associados à ruptura uterina completa e deiscência uterina. Métodos Estudo transversal de pacientes com ruptura/deiscência uterina no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2017 (30 anos) internadas na Unidade de Parto de um hospital universitário terciário no Canadá. Resultados Ocorreram 174 (0,1%) casos de transtorno uterino (29 rupturas e 145 deiscências) em 169.356 partos. Houve associações entre deiscência e multiparidade (razão de chances [RC]: 3,2; p=0,02), índice demassa corporal (IMC)materno elevado (RC: 3,4; p=0,02), tentativa de parto vaginal após cesariana (RC: 2,9; p=0,05) e baixa pontuação Apgar em 5minutos (RC: 5,9; p<0,001). A ruptura uterina foi associada a partos prematuros (36,5 ± 4,9 versus 38,2 ± 2,9; p=0,006), hemorragia pós-parto (RC: 13,9; p<0,001), histerectomia (RC: 23,0; p=0,002) e natimorto (RC: 8,2; p<0,001). Não houve associação entre ruptura uterina e idade materna, idade gestacional, início do trabalho de parto, ruptura espontânea ou artificial de membranas, uso de ocitocina, tipo de incisão uterina e peso ao nascer. Conclusão Esta grande coorte demonstrou que existem diferentes fatores de risco associados à ruptura ou à deiscência uterina. A ruptura uterina ainda representa uma grande ameaça à saúde materno-fetal e, diferentemente da crença comum, a deiscência uterina também pode comprometer os desfechos perinatais.

A scary complication: single-center study on management and outcome of cesarean scar pregnancy

Abstract A cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a scary and life-threatening complication of cesarean section (CS). Nevertheless, the incidence of CS is constantly growing. The CSP incidence is 0,15% of pregnancies after CS which represents 6,1% of all ectopic pregnancies in women with condition after CS. Therefore, it should be more present in the clinical daily routine. From mild nonspecific symptoms to hypovolemic shock, diagnosis and therapy must be performed quickly. With the progressive growth of the scar pregnancy, a uterine rupture involves the risk of severe bleeding, and an emergency hysterectomy could be necessary. Prolongation of pregnancy has been successful only in a few cases.We report 11 cases from our hospital in the past 10 years. In the discussion, treatment options of this complication with an increasing incidence, which is associated with serious morbidity and mortality, are presented based on the current literature. Treatment options include drug therapy, but also surgical or combined procedures with radiological intervention.

Rotura uterina durante el segundo trimestre de gestación asociado a placenta percreta: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literature / Uterine rupture during the second trimester of pregnancy associated with placenta percreta: presentation of a case and review of the literature

OBJETIVO: Reportar el manejo de un caso de rotura uterina asociado a percretismo placentario en el segundo trimestre de gestación; y realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca del diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta condición. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Paciente de 31 años con diagnóstico intraoperatorio de rotura uterina asociada a percretismo placentario a la semana 21 de gestación. Requirió manejo quirúrgico inmediato por abdomen agudo, presentando shock hipovolémico y muerte fetal in útero. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura registrada en las bases de datos entre el año 1995 y 2017 y publicados en inglés y español. Se incluyeron los reportes de y series de caso y artículos de revisión, con relación al diagnóstico prenatal y tratamiento. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los casos reportados de rotura uterina se describen en mujeres con rotura uterina por percretismo entre la semana 9 y 34 de gestación. El tratamiento es quirúrgico en la gran mayoría de casos y su abordaje dependerá de los hallazgos intraoperatorios y condiciones médicas asociadas. CONCLUSIÓN: El acretismo placentario presentado en etapas tempranas de la gestación es rara, sin embargo, se debe sospechar según hallazgos clínicos y paraclínicos. El manejo debe estar dirigido de acuerdo al grado de invasión placentaria y situación hemodinámica, la mayoría de las veces es quirúrgico y realizado por un equipo interdisciplinario.

OBJECTIVE: To report the management of a case of uterine rupture associated with placental percreta in the second trimester of pregnancy, and to make a review of the literature about the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. PRESENTACION OF THE CASE: A 31-year-old patient with intraoperative diagnosis of uterine rupture associated with placental percretism at week 21 of gestation, who required immediate surgical intervention for acute abdomen, which developed in a hypovolemic shock and fetal death in utero. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Research was done of the literature registered in the databases between 1995 and 2017, and published in English and Spanish. We included case reports and case series and review articles, in relation to prenatal diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: The majority of reported cases of uterine rupture that are found in women with this condition are due to percretism between week 9 and 34 of gestation. The treatment is surgical in the great number of cases, which procedure will follow depending on the intraoperative findings and associated medical conditions. CONCLUSION: Placental accreta presented at early stages of gestation is rare, however it should be taken into account while considering the clinical and paraclinical findings. The treatment must be directed accordingly to the degree of placental invasion and hemodynamic situation, although most of the time will lead to surgery performed by an interdisciplinary team.

Impacto de la hemorragia obstétrica mayor en la morbilidad materna extremadamente grave / Impact of major obstetric hemorrhage in extremely severe maternal morbidity

Introducción: la hemorragia es la complicación más significativa durante el embarazo, fundamentalmente del tercer y cuarto periodo del parto. Objetivos: caracterizar a las gestantes con hemorragia obstétrica mayor como causa de morbilidad materna extremadamente grave. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de desarrollo, transversal, observacional en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico Docente Mariana Grajales de Villa Clara desde enero de 2012 hasta diciembre de 2014. La población está constituida por 46 mujeres que tuvieron una hemorragia obstétrica mayor. Los datos se obtuvieron de la revisión documental del registro de partos e historias clínicas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrado para identificar la relación entre variables. Se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica del Test de la mediana para buscar diferencias en los grupos según la causa de hemorragia. Resultados: predominan las pacientes que ya han tenido un parto o más con 78,3 por ciento y la atonía uterina como causa fundamental de hemorragia con 45,7 por ciento. Ocurrió la hemorragia después del parto en 71,7 por ciento. Conclusiones: la hemorragia obstétrica mayor se presenta con más frecuencia en las edades entre 20 y 35 años, y de ellas, las que han tenido un parto o más en su historia obstétrica. La atonía uterina sigue siendo la primera causa de hemorragia obstétrica mayor, y el puerperio el momento más crítico para la morbilidad materna extremadamente grave por hemorragia(AU)

Introduction: Hemorrhage is the most significant complication during pregnancy, mainly in the third and fourth stage of labor. Objectives: To characterize the pregnant women with major obstetric hemorrhage as a cause of extremely severe maternal morbidity. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and developing study performed in ¨Mariana Grajales¨ teaching gynecobstetric hospital in Villa Clara from January 2012 to December 2014. The study population was made up of 46 women who had major obstetric hemorrhage. Data were taken from review of documents from the delivery register and medical histories. For the statistical analysis, Chi square test was used to identify association among variables. The non-parametric test of the median´s test was applied to find differences among the groups by cause of hemorrhage. Results: Predominance of patients with one or more deliveries with 78.3 percent and uterus atony as an essential cause of hemorrhage with 45.7 percent of cases. Postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 71.7 percent of the group. Conclusions: Major obstetric hemorrhage occurs more frequently at ages of 20 to 35 years and in women with one or more deliveries in their obstetric history. Uterus atony remains the first cause of major obstetric hemorrhage and the puerperium is the most critical time for extremely severe maternal morbidity from hemorrhage(AU)

Rotura uterina en gestante de 13 semanas: Embarazo ectópico intersticial / Uterine rupture in a 13-week pregnant woman: interstitial ectopic pregnancy

El embarazo ectópico intersticial es una entidad rara pero con una elevada tasa de mortalidad. El diagnóstico puede resultar difícil y tardío, dada la localización del embarazo en una porción intrauterina de la trompa de Falopio. La gestación puede evolucionar de manera asintomática hasta el segundo trimestre de la gestación, y debutar con una rotura uterina y shock hipovolémico por la proximidad del saco gestacional a la arteria uterina. El tratamiento suele consistir en una resección cornual por vía laparoscópica, aunque se individualizará en función de cada caso, primando ante todo la clínica de la paciente. Se expone el caso de un embarazo ectópico intersticial que debutó con rotura uterina a las 13 semanas de gestación.

Interstitial ectopic pregnancy is a rare but with a high mortality rate entity. Diagnosis can be difficult and late, given the location of the pregnancy in an intrauterine portion of the fallopian tube. Pregnancy can evolve asymptomatic until the second trimester, and debuting with uterine rupture and hypovolemic shock due to the proximity of the gestational sac to the uterine artery. Treatment usually consists of a laparoscopic cornual resection, although it will be individualized according to each case, giving priority to the patient clinic condition. The case of an interstitial ectopic pregnancy who presented with uterine rupture at 13 weeks of gestation is presented.

Ruptured Uterus in Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Spontaneous uterine rupture in pregnancy is a rare phenomenon especially in the second trimester. When it occurs one has to suspect placenta percreta. Here we had such a case in a 32-year-old lady who had previous caesarean section for fetal distress 7 years ago. Now she got admitted with a history of 4 months of amenorrhea with severe pallor and hypotension. She did not have any uterine contraction before admission, and there is no history suggestive of any interference with the present pregnancy. On opening the abdomen, there was hemoperitoneum and an intact gestational sac was found protruding through the rent at right side of the fundus. Total abdominal hysterectomy was done, and the placenta was found to be placenta percreta, that was confi rmed by histopathological examination.

Rotura e deiscência de cicatriz uterina: estudo de casos em uma maternidade de baixo risco do sudeste brasileiro / Rupture and dehiscence of uterine scar: cases study at a low-risk maternity in the Brazilian Southeast

OBJETIVO: Analisar os casos de rotura uterina e deiscência de cicatriz uterina ocorridos em uma maternidade de baixo risco e apontar possibilidades de aprimoramento na abordagem dessas complicações. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo em uma maternidade de baixo risco com 30 leitos, que presta assistência às usuárias do sistema público de saúde. A investigação foi realizada por meio de busca dos casos em livros de registros de sala de parto e posterior leitura dos prontuários para coleta dos dados. As informações foram inseridas em formulário previamente elaborado para este estudo. Foram incluídos os casos de rotura uterina e deiscência de cicatriz uterina diagnosticados no período de 1998 a 2012, avaliados incidência, aspectos relacionados aos fatores de risco e diagnóstico, associação com o uso de misoprostol e ocitocina e desfechos observados. RESULTADOS: No período mencionado foram registrados 39.206 partos nessa instituição. A cesárea foi a conduta adotada em 10 mil partos, o que equivale a uma taxa de 25,5%. Foram identificados 12 casos de rotura uterina e 16 de deiscência de cicatriz uterina. Os resultados mais relevantes foram a alta mortalidade perinatal associada à rotura uterina e o insucesso no diagnóstico da complicação. Não foi possível demonstrar associações com o uso de misoprostol ou ocitocina. CONCLUSÃO: Os desfechos adversos da rotura uterina podem ser minimizados se esforços forem direcionados para melhorar o desempenho diagnóstico das equipes assistentes. .

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cases of uterine rupture and dehiscence of the uterine scar at a low-risk maternity and to point out possibilities for an improved approach to these complications. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted at a 30-bed low-risk maternity hospital that provides care to users of the public health system. The investigation was carried out by searching for cases in the delivery room registry book and later reading the medical records in order to obtain the data. The information was inserted on a form previously elaborated for this study. Cases of uterine rupure and dehiscence of the uterine scar diagnosed from 1998 to 2012 were included, with the determination of incidence, aspects related to risk factors and diagnosis, association with the use of misoprostol and oxytocin, and the outcomes observed. RESULTS: A total of 39,206 deliveries were performed in this maternity during the study period, with 12 cases of uterine rupture and 16 cases of dehiscence of uterine scar being observed. The most relevant results were a high perinatal mortality associated with uterine rupture and the unsuccessful diagnosis of this complications. It was not possible to demonstrate an association with the use of misoprostol or oxytocin. CONCLUSION: The adverse outcomes of uterine rupture could be minimized if efforts were directed at improving the diagnostic performance of the assisting teams. .

Rotura uterina en gestante con cesárea anterior tras maniobra de kristeller: reporte de caso / Uterine rupture in pregnant women with previous cesarean section after maneuver of kristeller: case report

Antecedentes: La rotura uterina es una complicación rara (0,7 por ciento), pero grave en la práctica obstétrica. La cesárea previa es el factor predisponente más importante para este evento catastrófico. Su aparición espontánea es extremadamente rara, se estima que ocurre en 1 de 8000 a 1 de 15.000 partos. Objetivo: Divulgar un caso clínico de interés para la comunidad médica por la asociación de la rotura uterina con un factor de riesgo poco establecido como es la presión fúndica (Maniobra de Kristeller). Caso clínico: Gestante de 28 años con antecedentes personales de cesárea por placenta previa hace 5 años. Parto actual de inicio espontáneo y terminación tras presión fúndica. A las 6 horas del parto la paciente refiere sensación de pérdida de orina hematúrica, dolor abdominal y malestar general. La ecografía abdominal revela en cara posterior de vejiga una solución de continuidad. Ante el diagnóstico de sospecha de rotura uterina se realiza laparotomía exploradora evidenciando rotura completa circunferencial a nivel cervico vaginal y desgarro vesical posterior de unos 10 cm. Se realizan suturas término-terminal vagino-cervical y del desgarro vesical. Postoperatorio con buena evolución. Conclusiones: La presión del fondo uterino durante el parto puede originar rotura uterina incluso sobre el útero sin cicatrices. Ante el diagnóstico de sospecha de rotura uterina, sobretodo en presencia de algún factor de riesgo, debemos actuar con rapidez, siendo la clave la laparotomía exploradora. La maniobra de Kristeller debe ser evitada especialmente en cesáreas previas.

Background: Uterine rupture is a rare (0.7 percent) but serious complication in obstetric practice. The previous caesarean section is the most important risk factor to this catastrophic event. Spontaneous uterine rupture is an extremely rare event, estimated to occur in 1 in 8000 to 1 in 15,000 births. Aim: Disseminate a case of interest for the medical community by association uterine rupture with an uncommon risk factor like fundic pressure (Kristeller maneuver). Case report: Pregnant of 28 year old with previous caesarean section 5 years ago. The delivery starts and finish spontaneous after fundal pressure. At 6 hours after delivery the patient reported the feeling of loss of hematuric urine, abdominal pain and general malaise. The abdominal ultrasound show in the posterior wall bladder there is a continuities solution. After the diagnosis of suspected uterine rupture, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, showing a cervico-vaginal complete circumferential rupture, and a posterior bladder tear of about 10 cm. Vagino-cervical teminoterminal suture and bladder suture was performed, with good postoperative evolution. Conclusions: The fundal pressure during childbirth can cause uterine rupture even without uterine scars. Before the diagnosis of suspected uterine rupture, especially in the presence of a risk factor, we must act quickly, with an exploratory laparotomy. Kristeller maneuver should be avoided especially in previous cesarean sections.

Incomplete cesarean scar rupture

Uterine rupture at the site of a previous cesarean scar is an uncommon but catastrophic complication of pregnancy, which is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. A 30-year old woman at 24th week of gestation and complaint of pain, contractions and spotting was admitted in Royan Institute in Tehran, Iran. She had a past medical history of an EP and a cesarean section delivery, respectively 4 and 2 years before hospitalization. Herniation of an amniotic membrane into the maternal bladder was found on ultrasound examination. Risk factors of cesarean scar rupture should be considered in women undergoing subsequent pregnancies as they need extra care. Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate women with previous cesarean section to assess the risks of scar rupture during subsequent pregnancies

Rupture uterus: Carelessness or negligence.

Uterus is the most unique reproductive organ in humans. Rupture uterus is a hazardous complication of pregnancy and labour, and carries high risk both to the mother and the foetus. Uterine rupture during third trimester of pregnancy is a rare complication but if there is rupture and not suspect with in time may have fatal out come for the mother, foetus or both. In this modern medical era, prenatal check-up, advanced non invasive diagnostic facilities and subsequent treatment does not produce such life threatening complication. Rupture uterus cases are observed due to either carelessness of the patient or negligence of the doctor. Three cases of rupture uterus are discussed in this paper of full term pregnancy, had complete antenatal visits with all investigations including ultrasonography and attended the hospital well in time before death. Most cases of rupture uterus are preventable with good ante-natal and intra-partum care, and proper identification of high-risk cases.

Ruptura uterina / Uterine rupture

A ruptura uterina ocorre de forma relativamente rara na obstetrícia, com incidência deum em 585 até um em 6673 partos e apresenta alta morbimortalidade materna e fetal.O principal fator de risco é a presença de cicatriz no útero causada, na maioria doscasos, por cesariana, e raramente por outras cirurgias uterinas. Há também causas nãoobstétricas, como violência e acidentes. Sua ocorrência é maior no terceiro trimestre,no pré-parto, intraparto ou pós-parto. A ruptura uterina apresenta-se com dor abdominalintensa, de início súbito, com dificuldade de ausculta de sons cardíacos fetais, ecessação das contrações uterinas, com sangramento vaginal e choque. O risco para apaciente e o feto é maior quanto mais demorado é o diagnóstico. O tratamento é cirúrgicoe as prioridades são a retirada rápida do feto da cavidade peritoneal e a correçãoda hemorragia, quando o feto e a placenta já foram retirados. A ruptura uterina emgravidez após cesariana prévia representa preocupação especial. Entretanto, há grandeprobabilidade de sucesso no parto vaginal quando há seleção adequada das pacientes,uso cauteloso de ocitócicos e monitoramento vigilante.

Uterine rupture is a relatively rare occurrence in obstetrician which incidence was describedbetween one for 585 labors to one for 6673 labors and have high maternal andfetus morbidity and mortality. The main risk factor is a uterine scar, most of then causedby a cesarean section and seldom by others uterine surgeries and non-obstetrics causes,like accidents and violence. It usually occur in the third trimester, during the prodromallabor, the labor or at the time of delivery. The signs and symptoms are acute abdominalpain without contraction, noiseless fetus beating, vaginal bleeding and shock. The riskincrease how later the diagnosis is made. It has a surgical treatment and the priorities arethe remotion of the fetus and placenta from the abdominal cavity and to stop the bleedingafter it has been done. The main concern between the obstetricians is the uterine rupturein pregnant women who has already had a cesarean section, but if the patients werecarefully chosen and assisted, and the oxytocin were appropriated used, there is a hugechance to have a successful vaginal labor.

Indução do parto em pacientes com cesárea anterior / Labor induction in patients with prior cesarian section

Quando a paciente tem uma cesárea anterior e está indicada a interrupção da gravidez, há duas possibilidades de conduta: a repetição da cesárea ou a indução do parto. A cesárea iterativa ou a indução do parto em pacientes com cesárea anterior apresentam riscos e benefícios. Uma complicação rara e perigosa, relacionada à presença de uma cicatriz uterina, é a ruptura uterina. Isso pode ocorrer antes ou durante o trabalho de parto em pacientes com cesárea anterior. Os riscos associados a uma tentativa de parto vaginal são maiores do que aqueles decorrentes de cesárea iterativa, mas permanecem baixos. Acreditamos que, em locais adequados, a indução do parto vaginal após cesárea é uma opção aceitável para mulheres, sem apresentar contraindicações, e é uma conduta obstétrica recomendável.

When a woman has had a previous cesarean section and is indicated interruption of pregnancy, there are two options for her management: elective repeat cesarean or planned induction of labour. Elective repeat caesarean section and induction of labour for women with a prior caesarean are both associated with risks and benefits. One uncommon, but potentially serious complication associated with a prior uterine surgery, including a previous caesarean section, is uterine rupture. This may occur prior to the onset of labour, or during labour in patients with previous cesarean section. The risk associated with an attempted vaginal delivery is greater than the risk associated with an elective repeated cesarean, but it remains low. We believe that, in the appropriate setting, planned induction of labour after a cesarean is an acceptable option for women without other contraindications, and that vaginal birth after a cesarean remains within the standard of care.

Uterine rupture in Dohuk, Iraq

Rupture of the uterus is a serious obstetric emergency endangering the life of both mother and fetus. In a study at the general hospital in Dohuk, Iraq, from January 2003 to December 2004, the incidence of ruptured uterus was 0.2% [42 out of 20 574 deliveries]. The majority of these women [81%] were unbooked and had had no antenatal care. The range of parity was 1-13, median 7. The main causes were obstructed labour and previous caesarean scar [36% of cases each]. The maternal mortality rate among these cases was 5% and the perinatal mortality rate was 62%. Improvements are needed in antenatal care and labour guidelines and emergency drill training for staff

Spontaneous rupture of primigravid uterus due to morbidly adherent placenta

Morbidly adherent placenta in a nulliparous woman is a rare phenomenon. An unusual case of a 20 years old primigravida presented in emergency with unstable haemodynamics and abdominal pain at 17 weeks of gestation is reported. She was found to have complete placental invasion and heamoperitoneum on laparotomy. Although there is an increased risk of placental invasion [increta and percreta] causing uterine rupture in previous caesareans but morbid adhesion resulting in placenta percreta without previous uterine surgery is a rarity. Exact pathogenesis is still unknown. Prenatal diagnosis with the help of Doppler ultrasound and MRI is important to reduce both fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality

Vesicovaginal fistula at tertiary care center in eastern Nepal.

Vesicovaginal fistula is physically, socially and psychologically devastating to the women who suffer from it. The aim of this study is to create some awareness about VVF, to describe the profile of the patients, etiology, and success rate of surgery in our institute. A retrospective analysis of a total of 23 cases of vesicovaginal fistula admitted to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, BPKIHS over a period of three years were included in the study. The cause of VVF in all was obstructed labor except in one, which followed abdominal hysterectomy. Twenty-three subjects underwent VVF repair, of which 14 (56.5%) had successful outcome.

A polêmica da histerorrafia na operação cesariana / The polemic of hysterorraphy on caesarean section

A histerorrafia no parto cesáreo constitui tempo cirúrgico nobre, pois a adequada cicatrização uterina poderá evitar as nefastas conseqüências da ruptura uterina, para a mãe e concepto, em futura gestação e parto. Essa técnica de sutura, entretanto, não apresenta uniformidade plena na literatura. Os métodos subsidiários de avaliação do estado da cicatriz uterina também não têm se mostrado eficientes e práticos. Há preferência pela utilização de fios absorvíveis sintéticos, principalmente em função da menor reação tecidual que promovem. Não é consenso, mas prevalece a opinião de que um único plano com sutura contínua tem melhor relação custo/benefício. A técnica de histerorrafia na cesariana também poderá variar de acordo com o grau de urgência e volume de sangramento no momento do procedimento.

The hysteroraphy in the caesarean section constitutes a right time surgical procedure, as the adequate uterine cicatrization will prevent the uterine rupture undesirable effects for the mother and concepto, future gestation and childbirth. This suture technique, however, does not present full uniformity in literature. The subsidiary evaluation methods on the state of the uterine scar have not been shown efficient and practical. There is preference for the synthetic absorvible thread use, mainly in relation to the lesser tecidual reaction that is promoted. It is not a consensus, but the prevailing opinion is that there is better cost/benefit relation in an only plan with continuous suture. The technique of hysterorraphy in the cesarian section may also vary according to the urgency level and bleeding volume at the procedure time.

Rotura uterina espontánea en el primer trimestre del embarazo / Uterine rupture spontaneously in the first quarter of pregnancy

La rotura uterina es una complicación obstétrica infrecuente, pero potencialmente letal para la madre y el feto. Ocurre principalmente durante el segundo o tercer trimestre, asociada a factores de riesgo, entre los que destaca la cirugía uterina previa. Su aparición durante el primer trimestre es excepcional, constituyendo un desafío médico por su difícil diagnóstico diferencial y controversial manejo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con rotura espontánea de útero grávido de 10 semanas de gestación, portadora de triple cicatriz anterior. El diagnóstico fue intraoperatorio, tras la descompensación hemodinámica de la paciente. El manejo incluyó el cierre primario de la lesión y observación posterior. Al sexto día se constata la muerte fetal y se efectúa el vaciamiento de la cavidad uterina. La falla de las medidas conservadoras obligó finalmente a realizar una histerectomía obstétrica. La histopatología informó placenta acreta.

Uterine rupture is an uncommon obstetric event, but still potentially lethal for the mother and the fetus. It presents mainly during the second or third trimester and is associated with several riskf actors, being a previous uterine scar the most important of them. Its presentation during the first trimester is exceptional, and it constitutes a medical challenge, because of its difficult differential diagnosis and controversial management. A case of a multiparous, previous triple scar woman is presented, with a spontaneous uterine rupture at 10 weeks of pregnancy. In this case the diagnosis was made during surgery, after the patient's hemodynamic decompensation. The management included primary closure of the lesion and observation; when fetal death was confirmed, dilatation and curettage of the cavity had to be performed. Because of the failure of conservative management, an obstetric hysterectomy was carried out. Histopathology reported placenta accreta.

[Conservative treament for a post trumatic uterine rupture in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy]

We report the case of a woman in her 38[th] week of pregnancy who was brought by the SAMU in a state of shock following a car accident. She was a multiple trauma case with lesions over the face, the abdomen, a left femur fracture and metrorrhagia. The abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of an important hemoperitoneum and absence of the fetal heart sounds. The surgical exploration found a ruptured uterus and an intra peritoneal dead fetus. A conservative treatment was done in this primipara and the post surgical evolution was good

Rotura espontánea de útero bicorne en gestación asociada a acretismo placentario / Spontaneous uterine rupture in a bicornuate uterus associated with placenta accreta

La rotura espontánea en útero bicorne gestante es un accidente poco frecuente y difícil de diagnosticar. La prevalencia de malformaciones uterinas congénitas entre las mujeres fértiles está documentada entre 1-2 por ciento de la población; de éstas, el útero bicorne varía entre un 25 a 37 por ciento. Generalmente la rotura de la pared uterina sucede en el segundo trimestre, presentándose como intenso dolor abdominal a consecuencia de la hemorragia intraperitoneal. Presentamos caso clínico de una paciente gestante de 19 semanas con útero bicorne en el que se produjo una rotura uterina asociada a acretismo placentario. La placenta acreta y el útero bicorne son 2 entidades muy poco frecuentes pero que pueden asociarse. Como tratamiento se realizó una hemihisterectomía izquierda con una evolución satisfactoria.

The sudden rupture in bicornuate pregnant uterus is an uncommon and difficult-to-diagnose occurrence. The prevalence of congenital uterine malformations amongst fertile women is documented for 1-2 percent of the population; of these, bicornuate uterus varies from 25 to 37 percent. The rupture of the uterine wall happens generally in the second trimester, accompanied by an intense abdominal pain as a result of the intraperitoneal hemorrhage. We report a case of a 19 weeks pregnancy with an uterine rupture in a bicornuate uterus associated with a placental accretism. Both placental accretism and bicornuate uterus are uncommon but can be related. A left-side hemihysterectomy was applied leading to a satisfactory evolution.