The effect of mild hypothermia plus rutin on the treatment of spinal cord injury and inflammatory factors by repressing TGF-β/smad pathway

ABSTRACT Purpose To probe the mechanism of mild hypothermia combined with rutin in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Thirty rats were randomized into the following groups: control, sham, model, mild hypothermia (MH), and mild hypothermia plus rutin (MH+Rutin). We used modified Allen's method to injure the spinal cord (T10) in rats, and then treated it with MH or/and rutin immediately. BBB scores were performed on all rats. We used HE staining for observing the injured spinal cord tissue; ELISA for assaying TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents; Dihydroethidium (DHE) for measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content; flow cytometry for detecting apoptosis; and both RT-qPCR and Western blot for determining the expression levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway related proteins (TGF-β, Smad2, and Smad3). Results In comparison with model group, the BBB score of MH increased to a certain extent and MH+Rutin group increased more than MH group (p < 0.05). After treatment with MH and MH+Rutin, the inflammatory infiltration diminished. MH and MH+Rutin tellingly dwindled TNF-β, MDA and ROS contents (p < 0.01), and minified spinal cord cell apoptosis. MH and MH+Rutin could patently diminished TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad3 expression (p < 0.01). Conclusions MH+Rutin can suppress the activation of TGF-β/Smad pathway, hence repressing the cellular inflammatory response after SCI.

Rutin ameliorates methotrexate induced hepatic injury in rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the possible protective effect of rutin on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in rats. METHODS: Twenty-two rats were divided into three experimental groups; Control-saline, Mtx, Mtx+Rutin. Hepatic tissue was taken for histological assessment and biochemical assays. Oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated. Liver markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analyzed in serum. RESULTS: Mtx+Rutin group showed lower histological injury compared to Mtx group, MDA and ALT levels were increased, while SOD and GSH-Px were decreased in Mtx group compared with Control-saline group. MDA and ALT levels were increased, while SOD and GSH-Px were decreased in Mtx group, compared with Mtx +Rutin group. Serum AST levels were similar among the groups. CONCLUSION: Rutin may be a potential adjuvant drug to reduce the hepatic side effects observed during Mtx therapy for various clinical conditions.

Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) and rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) protects against the functional impairment of the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation caused by a reduction of nitric oxide availability in diabetes / El Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) y la rutina (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) protegen contra el deterioro funcional de la vasorelajación dependiente de endotelio causada por la reducción de la disponibilidad de óxido nítrico en diabetes

The present study evaluated the beneficial effect of hydroalcoholic extract of maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis, Elaeocarpaceae) and rutin (quercetin-3-o-rutinoside) against vascular reactivity impairment, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia of alloxan (alx) diabetic rats. The chronic maqui berry extract (mbe) treatment significantly corrected all the above abnormalities in diabetic rats. Rutin reduced fasting blood sugar and improved the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations. Maqui reduced plasma levels of cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides and increased body weight of diabetic rats. Removal of the endothelium and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) increased the phenylephrine response, and sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) did not differ between tested groups. Maqui and rutin improved nitric oxide bioavailability, and these findings indicate that Aristotelia chilensis could be a candidate of natural medicine for diabetes.

El presente estudio evaluó el efecto beneficioso del extracto hidroalcohólico de maqui (Aristotelia chilensis, Elaeocarpaceae) y rutina (quercetina-3-o-rutinósido) contra el deterioro de la reactividad vascular, hiperglucemia y dislipidemia de ratas diabéticas. El tratamiento crónico con el extracto corrigió en gran medida esas alteraciones. Rutina redujo el azúcar en sangre y mejoró la relajación dependiente de endotelio. Maqui redujo los niveles plasmáticos de colesterol, LDL y triglicéridos y aumentó del peso de las ratas diabéticas. La eliminación del endotelio y el inhibidor de la sintasa de óxido nítrico, NG-Nitro-L-Arginina Metil Éster (L-NAME) aumentaron la respuesta a la fenilefrina y, la sensibilidad al nitroprusiato de sodio, no cambió entre los diferentes grupos. Maqui y rutina mejoraron la biodisponibilidad del óxido nítrico. Estos hallazgos indican que Aristotelia chilensis podría ser un candidato de la medicina natural para la diabetes.