Saúde mental e abortamento voluntário na audiência pública da ADPF442/STF / Mental health and voluntary abortion in the public hearing of ADPF442/STF / Salud mental y aborto voluntario en la audiencia pública del ADPF442/STF

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar os argumentos da estratégia de persuasão dos discursos apresentados na audiência pública sobre a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental-ADPF 442, realizada em 2018, cujo propósito era discutir sobre a interrupção voluntária da gravidez até a 12ª semana. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, analítico-descritiva e documental. O objeto de análise foi o registro da audiência, apresentado em vídeo, disponibilizado na plataforma digital YouTube, e em ata lavrada pelo STF, ambos de acesso público. A partir de uma análise do discurso, identificou-se os argumentos utilizados na estratégia de persuasão, que foram sistematizados em quatro categorias de argumentos para cada um dos dois grupos identificados: o grupo pró e o grupo contra a descriminalização do aborto. As três primeiras categorias, Saúde mental, Direito e Saúde pública, mesmo com diferenças na forma de apresentar o argumento, se repetem nos dois grupos. Todavia, a quarta categoria, Pressupostos, se diferenciou. No grupo pró descriminalização do aborto, apresentou-se como Pressupostos filosóficos e científicos, e no grupo contra, como Pressupostos morais. Por fim, a defesa da saúde mental das mulheres foi o principal argumento numa forma de humanizar o sofrimento vivido pelas que desejam abortar e não encontram o suporte do Estado para assegurar sua dignidade, cidadania e efetiva igualdade, garantidas constitucionalmente.(AU)

The study aimed to identify the arguments of the persuasion strategy of the speeches presented at the public hearing on the Action Against the Violation of Constitutional Fundamental Rights -ADPF 442, held in 2018, whose purpose was to discuss the voluntary interruption of pregnancy until the 12th week. To this end, a qualitative, analytical-descriptive, and documentary research was carried out. The object of analysis was the video recording of the hearing available on the YouTube platform, and in minutes drawn up by the STF, both of which are public. Based on a discourse analysis, the arguments used in the persuasion strategy were identified, which were systematized into four categories of arguments for each of the two identified groups: the group for and the group against the decriminalization of abortion. The first three categories, Mental Health, Law and Public Health, even with differences in the way of presenting the argument, are repeated in both groups. However, the fourth category, Assumptions, differed. In the group for the decriminalization of abortion, it was presented as Philosophical and Scientific Assumptions, whereas the group against, as Moral Assumptions. Finally, the defense of women's mental health was the main argument in a way of humanizing the suffering experienced by those who wish to have an abortion and do not find the support of the State to guarantee their dignity, citizenship, and effective equality, constitutionally guaranteed.(AU)

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los argumentos de la estrategia de persuasión de los discursos presentados en la audiencia pública sobre el Argumento por Incumplimiento de un Percepto Fundamental -ADPF 442, realizada en 2018, con el objetivo de discutir la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo hasta la 12.ª semana. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa, analítico-descriptiva y documental. El objeto de análisis fue la grabación de la audiencia, que está disponible en la plataforma digital YouTube, y actas levantadas por el Supremo Tribunal Federal -STF, ambas de acceso público. A partir de un análisis del discurso se identificaron los argumentos utilizados en la estrategia de persuasión, los cuales se sistematizaron en cuatro categorías de argumentos para cada uno de los dos grupos identificados: el grupo pro y el grupo en contra de la despenalización del aborto. Las tres primeras categorías ("salud mental", "derecho" y "salud pública") aún con diferencias en la forma de presentar el argumento se repiten en ambos grupos. Pero difiere la cuarta categoría "supuestos". En el grupo a favor de la despenalización del aborto se presentó como "supuestos filosóficos y científicos", y en el grupo en contra, como "supuestos morales". Finalmente, la defensa de la salud mental de las mujeres fue el principal argumento en un intento por humanizar el sufrimiento que viven aquellas que desean abortar y no encuentran el apoyo del Estado para garantizar su dignidad, ciudadanía e igualdad efectiva, preconizadas por la Constitución.(AU)

Escore de Apgar e indicação de cesárea por sofrimento fetal em um hospital público do Distrito Federal / Apgar score and indication of cesarean section due to fetal distress at a public hospital in the Federal District

Objetivo: Avaliar as indicações de cesárea por sofrimento fetal (SF), pelo escore de Apgar, em um hospital público. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal e retrospectivo que incluiu todos os partos realizados no período de estudo. A análise estatística foi realizada no software IBM SPSS Statistics v.22 com teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson para o cálculo do p-valor. A estimativa de risco foi definida pela razão de chances comum de Mantel-Haenszel, com cálculo de odds ratio (OR), intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) e limite de significância de 95% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Dos 2.205 partos, 1.084 (49,1%) foram cesáreas e 1.121 (50,9%), partos vaginais. Escore de Apgar < 7 no primeiro minuto foi evidenciado em 5,9% do total de partos. A diferença entre os escores de Apgar no primeiro minuto entre os dois tipos de parto foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05), e esses recém-nascidos (RNs) tiveram a chance 1,4 vez maior de Apgar < 7 nas cesáreas em relação ao parto vaginal (OR: 1,4; IC95%: 1-2,05). No quinto minuto, Apgar < 7 ocorreu em 0,7% em todos os tipos de partos. O SF foi a terceira causa de indicação de cesárea (22,8%), e o Apgar < 7 não diferenciou das cesáreas por demais causas. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou alta taxa de cesárea e maior risco de Apgar < 7 no primeiro minuto para esses partos. A ausência de diferença estatisticamente significante entre o Apgar dos RNs de cesárea por SF e demais indicações revela a necessidade local de rever esse diagnóstico e consequente conduta.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the cesarean indications for fetal distress (FD), using the Apgar score, in a public hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional and retrospective study, which included all the deliveries performed during the period of study. Statistical Analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics v.22 software with Pearson's Chi-square test to calculate the p-value. The risk estimate for Apgar < 7 was defined by the common odds ratio (OR) of Mantel-Haenszel, with calculation of OR and 95% confidence interval and significance limit of 95% (p < 0.05). Results: Of the 2,205 deliveries, 1,084 (49.1%) were cesarean and 1,121 (50.9%) were vaginal deliveries. Apgar score < 7 in the 1st minute was seen in 5.9% of total deliveries. The difference between the Apgar Scores in the 1st minute between the two types of delivery was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and these newborns (NBs) had 1.4 times more chance of Apgar < 7 in cesarean in relation to vaginal delivery (OR: 1,4; IC95%: 1-2,05). In the 5th minute, Apgar < 7 occurred in 0.7% of all types of births. FD was the third cause of cesarean indication (22.8%) and the Apgar < 7 wasn't different from the cesareans performed for other causes. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high cesarean rate and a bigger risk of Apgar < 7 in the 1st minute for this type of delivery. The absence of statistically significant difference between the Apgar of NBs of cesarean due to FD and other indications reveal the need to review this diagnosis e it's conduct.(AU)

Risk Factors for Intrapartum Cesarean Section Delivery in Low-risk Multiparous Women Following at Least a Prior Vaginal Birth (Robson Classification 3 and 4)

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors for cesarean section (C-section) in low-risk multiparous women with a history of vaginal birth. Methods The present retrospective study included low-risk multiparous women with a history of vaginal birth who gave birth at between 37 and 42 gestational weeks. The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the mode of delivery, as C-section Group and vaginal delivery Group. Risk factors for C-section such as demographic characteristics, ultrasonographic measurements, smoking, weight gain during pregnancy (WGDP), interval time between prior birth, history of macrosomic birth, and cervical dilatation at the admission to the hospital were obtained fromthe charts of the patients. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups. Results The most common C-section indications were fetal distress and macrosomia (33.9% [n=77 and 20.7% [n=47] respectively). A bivariate correlation analysis demonstrated that mothers aged>30 years old (odds ratio [OR]: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-3.34; p=0.002), parity >1 (OR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.18-2.71; p=0.006), fetal abdominal circumference (FAC) measurement>360mm (OR: 34.20; 95%CI: 8.04 -145.56; p<0.001)) and<345mm (OR: 3.06; 95%CI: 1.88-5; p<0.001), presence of large for gestational age (LGA) fetus (OR: 5.09; 95%CI: 1.35-19.21; p=0.016), premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (OR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1-2.33; p=0.041), and cervical dilatation<5cm at admission (OR: 2.12; 95%CI: 1.34-3.34; p=0.001) were associated with the group requiring a C-section. Conclusion This is the first study evaluating the risk factors for C-section in low-risk multiparous women with a history of vaginal birth according to the Robson classification 3 and 4. Fetal distress and suspected fetal macrosomia constituted most of the Csection indications.

Reporte de caso: ruptura uterina durante trabajo de parto, en útero sin cicatriz previa / Case review: uterine rupture during labor, in uterus without previous scar

Resumen La ruptura uterina es una complicación obstétrica poco frecuente con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad materna e infantil. El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento inmediato son factores pronósticos importantes tanto para la madre como para el feto. Se presenta el caso de una paciente multigestante, con alto riesgo por diabetes gestacional compensada y déficit de proteína S sin manejo, con embarazo a término y adecuado control prenatal, que ingresa hemodinámicamente estable, con cambios cervicales iniciales, feto en presentación longitudinal, cefálico con monitoreo fetal categoría ACOG 1 para conducción del trabajo de parto, y presenta ruptura uterina espontánea, dando lugar a un hemoperitoneo materno y sufrimiento fetal agudo con posterior tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia mediante una cesárea e histerectomía, por atonía uterina sin control del sangrado con maniobras farmacológicas. Este caso es muy significativo por la falta de factores de riesgo y su presentación clínica atípica, tanto en síntomas y signos como en la ubicación de la ruptura. MÉD. UIS.2021;34(1): 107-12.

Abstract Uterine rupture is a rare obstetric complication with high maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment are important prognostic factors for both mother and fetus. The study presents the case of a multigravida patient, with high risk for compensated gestational diabetes, and uncontrolled protein S deficiency. The patient, who was full-term and had adequate prenatal control, was admitted hemodynamically stable, with initial cervical changes, fetus in longitudinal presentation, andcephalic with monitoring category ACOG 1. The patient spontaneous uterine rupture, which leads to maternal hemoperitoneum and acute fetal distress. Cesarean section and hysterectomy were performed as emergency surgical treatments due to uterine atony without bleeding control with pharmacological maneuvers. This case is great significance due to the lack of risk factors and the atypical clinical presentation, evidenced in the signs and symptoms and the rupture's location. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 107-12.

Factores de riesgo que inciden en la mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital Dr. León Becerra Camacho Del Cantón Milagro 2014-2017 / Risk factors that affect neonatal mortality in the Dr. León Becerra Hospital Camacho Del Cantón Milagro 2014-2017

Según la OMS, la mortalidad neonatal está asociada a factores que son de necesaria identificación para reducir la incidencia. El objetivo del trabajo es identificar los factores de riesgo que inciden en el evento. Se utilizó un diseño transversal, retrospectivo, descriptivo, cuantitativo, con una población de 74 neonatos que fallecieron en los servicios de neonatología del Hospital Dr. León Becerra Camacho 2014-2017. Los resultados arrojan que de los neonatos fallecidos, el mayor porcentaje es el sexo masculino, de madres con edades entre 21 y 35 años, donde la mayoría pertenecen a zonas urbanas con instrucción secundaria incompleta y dedicada a las labores del hogar. Como características maternas encontramos que la mayoría, fueron secundigestas, el 60.81% con controles mínimos, el 56,7% con parto vaginal. Las características Obstétricos encontradas revelan que el 67.5% tuvieron menos de 1-2 años de periodo intergenésico, el 100% presentaron Infecciones de vías Urinarias, 44.5% tuvieron Ruptura Prematura de Membrana, y desproporción cefálica con traumas obstétricas en un 33,7%. Como factores neonatales y fetales tenemos que el 51.3% fueron neonatos a Término con peso adecuado para edad gestacional, y el 51.3% tuvieron depresión severa y 44,5% con sufrimiento fetal, siendo la patología más frecuente la Asfixia en un 51,3% seguido del 33,7% de Membrana Hialina, y las comorbilidades más comunes son la acidosis metabólica en un 87.8%, seguidos de 48.6% con prematurez. Se propone fortalecer los protocolos para el manejo de la embarazada, que permitan mejorar la calidad de la atención, favoreciendo al binomio madre hijo(AU)

According to OMS, neonatal mortality is associated with factors that are necessary to identify the incidence. The objective of the work is to identify the risk factors that affect the event. It is a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, quantitative design, with a population of 74 neonates who have fallen into the neonatology services of the Hospital Dr. León Becerra Camacho 2014-2017. The majority of people in urban areas with incomplete secondary education and dedicated to household chores. The maternal characteristics of the majority were secundigestas, 60.81% with minimal controls, 56.7% with vaginal delivery. The Obstetric characteristics revealed in 67.5% occurred during 1-2 years of the intergenesic period, 100% were published in Urinary Tract Infections, 44.5% were performed Premature Membrane Rupture, and the cephalic disproportion with obstetric traumas in 33.7%. As neonatal and fetal factors we have that 51.3% were Term neonates with adequate weight for gestational age, and 51.3% had a severe severity and 44.5% with fetal, the most frequent pathology being Asphyxia in 51.3% Following 33.7% of the Hyaline Membrane, and the most common Comorbidities in metabolic acidosis in 87.8%, followed by 48.6% with prematurity. It was proposed to strengthen protocols for the management of the pregnant woman, to improve the quality of care, favoring the child(AU)

Transfusion-related acute lung injury in a parturient diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome: A case report

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is defined as a new episode of acute lung injury that occurs during or within 6 hours of a completed transfusion, which is one of the leading causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. We present a case of TRALI in a 29-year-old parturient with myelodysplastic syndrome scheduled for cesarean section. The parturient developed hypoxemia and dyspnea after preoperative transfusion of platelets following apheresis to eliminate a unit of leucocyte in order to correct thrombocytopenia. She underwent emergent caesarean section for fetal distress. After surgery, the chest radiograph showed diffuse haziness of both lung fields. Direct and indirect antiglobulin tests were negative, and hemolytic transfusion reaction was ruled out. Pro-BNP 347.3 pg/ml also excluded transfusion-associated circulatory overload. The parturient completely recovered after oxygen support for 2 days. It is important to recognize TRALI as soon as possible to minimize perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Association between non-invasive nursing care technologies during childbirth and neonatal vitality: a cross-sectional study / Asociación entre tecnologías no-invasivas de cuidado en el parto y la vitalidad neonatal: estudio transversal / Associação entre tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado no parto e vitalidade do recém-nascido: estudo transversal

Abstract Objective: to compare the use of non-invasive midwifery care technologies (TNICEO) with the use of traditional care model practices, having as parameters the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid and its repercussion on the newborn's vitality. Method: a cross-sectional study with secondary data of 10,219 parturients who delivered by midwives between September 2004 and October 2016. Logistic regression was used to assess Apgar> 8 Odds Ratio in exposure to noninvasive midwifery care technologies when compared to traditional care. Results: there were higher percentages of light amniotic fluid and neonates with good vitality in parturients who used only TNICEO compared with those exposed only to traditional care. Conclusion: nurse midwives' provision of TNICEO and its use by women are efficient strategies to reduce unfavorable neonatal outcomes. Implications of practice: investments in the performance of these experts is important, as their know-how to make them not medicalized through TNICEO confirms a process of humanized, safe and quality care that meets official recommendations and contributes to the change in the care model.

Resumen Objetivo: comparar el uso de tecnologías no invasivas de cuidado de enfermería obstétrica (TNICEO) con el uso de prácticas del modelo tradicional de cuidado, con la presencia de meconio en el líquido amniótico y su repercusión en la vitalidad del recién nacido. Método: estudio transversal, com datos secundários, de 10.219 parturientas, asistidas por enfermeras obstétricas entre septiembre de 2004 y octubre de 2016. Se utilizó la regresión logística para evaluar la probabilidad de Apgar> 8 en la exposición a TNICEO en comparación con la atención tradicional. Resultados: se observaron porcentajes más altos de líquido amniótico claro y recién nacido con buena vitalidad en las parturientas que solo usaron TNICEO en comparación con las expuestas solo a la atención tradicional. Conclusión: la oferta de TNICEO por las enfermeras obstétricas y su uso por las mujeres es una estrategia eficaz para reducir los resultados neonatales desfavorables. Implicaciones para la práctica: enfatizase la importancia de los investimentos en el desempeño de estos especialistas, ya que su experiencia, a través del TNICEO, constituye un proceso de atención humanizada, segura y de alta calidad, que cumple con las recomendaciones oficiales y contribuye para cambiar el modelo de atención.

Resumo Objetivo: comparar o uso de tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado de enfermagem obstétrica (TNICEO) com o emprego de práticas do modelo de assistência tradicional, tendo como parâmetros a presença de mecônio no líquido amniótico e sua repercussão sobre a vitalidade do recém-nascido. Método: estudo transversal, com dados secundários, de 10.219 parturientes que tiveram parto acompanhado por enfermeiras obstétricas entre setembro/2004 e outubro/2016. Utilizou-se a regressão logística para avaliar a chance de Apgar >8 na exposição às tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado de enfermagem obstétrica quando comparada à assistência tradicional. Resultados: constataram-se maiores percentuais de líquido amniótico claro e neonatos com boa vitalidade nas parturientes que utilizaram somente TNICEO, em comparação com aquelas expostas, apenas, à assistência tradicional. Conclusão: o oferecimento das TNICEO pelas enfermeiras obstétricas e o seu uso pelas mulheres se configuram como estratégias eficientes para reduzir desfechos neonatais desfavoráveis. Implicações para a prática: destaca-se a importância de investimentos na atuação dessas especialistas, pois seu saber fazer desmedicalizado, por meio das TNICEO, confirma um processo de cuidar humanizado, seguro e de qualidade, que atende às recomendações oficiais e contribui para a mudança do modelo assistencial.

Local adaption of intrapartum clinical guidelines, United Republic of Tanzania

Problem Gaps exist between internationally derived clinical guidelines on care at the time of birth and realistic best practices in busy, low-resourced maternity units. Approach In 2014­2018, we carried out the PartoMa study at Zanzibar's tertiary hospital, United Republic of Tanzania. Working with local birth attendants and external experts, we created easy-to-use and locally achievable clinical guidelines and associated in-house training to assist birth attendants in intrapartum care. Local setting Around 11 500 women gave birth annually in the hospital. Of the 35­40 birth attendants employed, each cared simultaneously for 3­6 women in labour. At baseline (1 October 2014 to 31 January 2015), there were 59 stillbirths per 1000 total births and 52 newborns with an Apgar score of 1­5 per 1000 live births. Externally derived clinical guidelines were available, but rarely used. Relevant changes Staff attendance at the repeated trainings was good, despite seminars being outside working hours and without additional remuneration. Many birth attendants appreciated the intervention and were motivated to improve care. Improvements were found in knowledge, partograph skills and quality of care. After 12 intervention months, stillbirths had decreased 34% to 39 per 1000 total births, while newborns with an Apgar score of 1­5 halved to 28 per 1000 live births. Lessons learnt After 4 years, birth attendants still express high demand for the intervention. The development of international, regional and national clinical guidelines targeted at low-resource maternity units needs to be better attuned to input from end-users and the local conditions, and thereby easier to use effectively

Fetal autonomic malfunction as a marker of fetal distress in growth-restricted fetuses: three case reports

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is characterized by fetal compromise and delayed neurological maturation. We report 3 cases of early FGR in the 26th week of gestation, based on hemodynamic Doppler monitoring, conventional cardiotocography, and non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NI-FECG). Fetal heart rate variability (HRV), beat-to-beat variations, and fetal autonomic brain age scores (fABASs) were normal despite the absence of umbilical diastolic flow in the first case and the pregnancy continued to 30 weeks. NI-FECG helped achieve better fetal maturity. Fetal HRV and fABASs were low in the second and third cases. Fetal demise occurred soon in both cases. We conclude that NI-FECG could be a prospective method for the detection of fetal distress in early FGR.

Pregnant Women's Labor Progress, Childbirth Outcome, and Childbirth Satisfaction according to the Presence or Absence of Labor Induction

PURPOSE: To provide accurate information on induced labor and find strategies to enhance women's childbirth satisfaction. METHODS: Participants were pregnant women expected to have normal vaginal delivery. A total of 113 women with induced labor and 61 women with spontaneous labor were surveyed. Data were collected using a questionnaire and electronic medical records. RESULTS: The following variables related to labor progress showed significant differences between the induced labor group and the spontaneous labor group: length of the first stage of labor in primigravidas, use of analgesic, incidence of uterine hyperstimulation, incidence of fetal distress, and medical treatment for the expectant mother. Delivery type and the incidence of postpartum complications showed significant difference between the two groups. Induced labor women's childbirth satisfaction was mainly affected by the process of labor whereas spontaneous labor women's childbirth satisfaction was affected by the outcome of childbirth. CONCLUSION: Medical staff should have accurate information on the risk of induced labor and the benefits of a natural delivery. Moreover, medical staff should provide necessary information and environment for women to participate in the decision-making process.

A successful management after preterm delivery in a patient with severe sepsis during third-trimester pregnancy / 영남의대학술지

A 33-year-old woman visited the emergency department presenting with fever and dyspnea. She was pregnant with gestational age of 31 weeks and 6 days. She had dysuria for 7 days, and fever and dyspnea for 1 day. The vital signs were as follows: blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 118 beats/minute, respiratory rate 28/minute, body temperature 38.7℃, and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry 84% during inhalation of 5 liters of oxygen by nasal prongs. Crackles were heard over both lung fields. There were no signs of uterine contractions. Chest X-ray and chest computed tomography scan showed multiple consolidations and air bronchograms in both lungs. According to urinalysis, there was pyuria and microscopic hematuria. She was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI) that progressed to severe sepsis and acute respiratory failure. We found extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in the blood culture and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the sputum culture. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit with administration of antibiotics and supplementation of high-flow oxygen. On hospital day 2, hypoxemia was aggravated. She underwent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. After 3 hours, fetal distress was suspected. Under 100% fraction of inspired oxygen, her oxygen partial pressure was 87 mmHg in the arterial blood. She developed acute kidney injury and thrombocytopenia. We diagnosed her with multi-organ failure due to severe sepsis. After an emergent cesarean section, pneumonia, UTI, and other organ failures gradually recovered. The patient and baby were discharged soon thereafter.

Obstrução do Trato Urinário Baixo Fetal / Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction

A obstrução do trato urinário baixo fetal (fetal lower urinary tract obstruction - LUTO) é uma patologia caracterizada por dilatação da bexiga e hidronefrose bilateral causada por obstrução do trato urinário inferior. Sua incidência é de 2,2 em cada 10.000 nascimentos. A etiologia da LUTO inclui a válvula da uretra posterior (VUP), atresia ou estenose uretral. O diagnóstico é feito por ultrassom, que mostra bexiga dilatada, com paredes espessas (megabexiga), e uretra posterior aumentada. O tratamento cirúrgico clássico (derivação vésico-amniótica guiada por ultrassom) estaria indicado quando o líquido amniótico normal começa a diminuir, com aumento da distensão vesical e da hidronefrose. O tratamento inclui a colocação de derivação vésico-amniótica guiado pelo ultrassom e fetoscópica com coagulação a laser. De acordo com a gravidade, a LUTO é classificada nos estágios 1,2 e 3.(AU)

The Fetal Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) is a spectrum of diseases characterized by bladder distension and bilateral hydronephrosis in consequence of the LUTO. The incidence is approximately 2.2 in 10,000 births and it is commonly diagnosed during the late first or early second trimester of pregnancy. The etiologies of LUTO include posterior urethral valves, urethral atresia and urethral stenosis. Complete bladder outlet obstruction (severe LUTO) is associated with high perinatal mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia and severe renal impairment/damage. The prenatal intervention includes vesicoamniotic shunt placement guided by ultrasound and fetoscopic laser coagulation. It is suggested that LUTO patients could be categorized in three stages according to disease gravity: Stages 1, 2 and 3.(AU)

O papel do Doppler da artéria umbilical na decisão da interrupção da gestação em fetos com RCF: uma revisão de ensaios clínicos randomizados / Role of umbilical artery Doppler in the decision to deliver a pregnancy with a fetal growth restriction: a review of randomized trials

Introdução: O uso da ultrassonografia tem sido importante no âmbito da obstetrícia e a introdução da Dopplervelocimetria angariou vantagens no auxílio da avaliação da vitalidade fetal. O uso do Doppler da artéria umbilical tem apresentado melhores resultados perinatais, especialmente em fetos com RCF (restrição de crescimento fetal). A vigilância fetal em casos de RCF é indispensável na determinação do momento ideal para a interrupção da gestação, a fim de se minimizar o risco tanto de uma interrupção excessivamente prematura quanto o de um óbito fetal potencialmente evitável. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão da literatura, a fim de avaliar o melhor momento da interrupção da gestação em fetos com RCF com Doppler da artéria umbilical alterado. Metodologia: Foi utilizada como fonte de pesquisa a base de dados eletrônica PubMed/Medline. Foram incluídos estudos randomizados que avaliaram especificamente o Doppler da artéria umbilical como método diagnóstico na decisão quanto ao momento da interrupção da gestação em situações de RCF. Foram localizados 89 resultados com a estratégia de busca, dentre os quais 22 foram considerados potencialmente elegíveis e revisados integralmente, e apenas 2 foram definitivamente elegíveis, ambos referentes a um único estudo. Resultados: Os dois artigos selecionados são estudos clínicos multicêntricos randomizados controlados, sendo que um revela os resultados a curto prazo, com 548 gestantes entre 24 e 36 semanas de gestação, e o outro, os resultados após 2 anos de acompanhamento, com 588 crianças que desenvolveram RCF durante a gestação. Os desfechos avaliados em ambos os estudos (óbito fetal ou neonatal e comprometimento neurológico no longo prazo) não foram significativamente diferentes entre grupos em que, após o diagnóstico de diástole umbilical comprometida, se realizou a interrupção precoce após corticoterapia versus vigilância com interrupção mais tardia, mediante piora no padrão do Doppler umbilical. Conclusão: Não é possível utilizar apenas o Doppler da artéria umbilical para indicar a interrupção da gestação em fetos com RCF, devendo-se associar outros métodos para a avaliação da vitalidade fetal. Mais ensaios clínicos randomizados são necessários para elucidar esta questão.(AU)

Introduction: The use of ultrassonography has been an important development in the field of obstetrics, and the introduction of Doppler assessment has gathered many advantages in the evaluation of fetal well-being. Umbilical artery Doppler has demonstrated the best perinatal results, especially in fetal growth restriction (FGR). Fetal surveillance, in these scenarios, is invaluable in determining the ideal moment for delivery, avoiding both an excessively and unnecessarily premature interruption, and a preventable intrauterine fetal demise due to an inappropriately delayed delivery. Objective: To perform a review of the literature, with the objective to evaluate the best moment of interruption of gestation in fetuses with FGR and an abnormal umbilical artery Doppler. Methodology: Electronic database PubMed/ MEDLINE was used to search and locate the studies. Randomized trials which specifically studied umbilical artery Doppler as a decision-making diagnostic study among fetuses with growth restriction were considered for inclusion in this review. There were 89 results retrieved with the search strategy, among which 22 were selected as potentially eligible, and only 2 were definitely included (both from a single study). Results: Both included papers are multicentric randomized controlled trials, the first reporting short term outcomes of 548 pregnancies between 24 and 36 weeks, and the second one reporting long-term outcomes of 588 children who had FGR, after two years of follow-up. Both short term outcomes (fetal or neonatal death) and long-term outcomes (death or disability) were not significantly different when, after diagnosing compromised umbilical end diastolic flow, immediate delivery was compared with expectant management and delayed delivery after worsening of the umbilical Doppler pattern. Conclusion: It is not possible to use only umbilical artery Doppler to decide whether to deliver a FGR or not, and that other fetal assessment methods should be associated. More randomized trials are needed to definitely answer this question.(AU)

The effectiveness of evening primrose oil gel capsule as a cervical ripening agent during labor induction as measured by bishop score on term singleton pregnant patients / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: Pre-induction of labor cervical ripening increases success of labor induction when there is unfavorable cervix. Evening primrose oil soft gel capsule contains linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid, which are precursors of prostaglandins E1 andE2.<br /><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To measure the effectiveness of evening primrose oil capsule as a cervical ripening agent by measuring the Bishop score before and 4 hours after intravaginal insertion of six capsules.<br />METHODS: A quasi-experimental cross-sectional study was conducted from the period of May to July 2016 involving labor induction patients with a Bishop score ?4, an intact amniotic sac and a Biophysical profile score of 10/10 or 8/8.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Thirteen patients had an average age of 27±6 years, and a mean age of gestation of 40±1 weeks. Seven patients (54%) were nulliparous, 2 (15%) were primiparous and 4 (31%) were multiparous. Seven patients (54%) had hypertension, 1 (8%) had diabetes mellitus, 5 (38%) had post-term pregnancies. A paired t-test was done to check for statistically significant changes in the Bishop score. Change in the Bishop score from baseline to 4 hours after insertion of evening primrose oil capsules was statistically significant (p=0.001). Eleven patients (85%) had improvement in the Bishop score after 4 hours, 4 (31%) of which had a clinically significant change in the Bishop score (?4). Specifically, there were statistically significant changes in the dilatation (p=0.027), effacement (p=0.006) and consistency (p=0.002). The mean birth weight of deliveries was 3192±351 grams. Nine patients (69%) underwent primary low segment cesarean section, six (46%) of which for nonreassuring fetal status, 2 (15%) for arrest in cervical dilatation, and 1 (8%) for intraamnionic infection. Four patients (31%) successfully delivered vaginally.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Results showed a positive effect on the Bishop score during cervical ripening although further studies are needed to establish direct correlation.</p>

Identification of Anti-G in Pregnant Women with RhD Negative Blood: The First Case in Korea / 대한수혈학회지

Anti-G positivity can be misinterpreted as the presence of anti-D or -C antigen in an antibody identification test, as this antibody is known to show agglutination to D or C antigen-positive red cells. Correct identification of anti-G is important in pregnant women, as prenatal care or the need for RhIG administration can vary between anti-D and -C versus anti-G cases. We recently encountered a D-negative case with suspected anti-D and -C, which was ruled out by adsorption and elution tests, and ultimately confirmed the presence of anti-G. The pregnant woman was a 33-year-old patient with cde Rh phenotype with a previous history of spontaneous abortion, followed by administration of RhIG. The spouse's Rh phenotype was CDe. Initial antibody identification test showed 2+ positivity to C (homozygotes and heterozygotes) and trace to 1+ positivity to D. Upon additional adsorption and elution with R0r (cDe/cde) and r'r (Cde/ cde) red cells, we identified the antibody present in the patient's serum as anti-G. The patient is currently under close follow-up monitoring for anti-G titer using antibody titer testing with both CDe and CcDEe red cells. Periodic fetal cerebral Doppler examination is being carried out without evidence of fetal distress.

The effectiveness of evening primrose oil gel capsule as a cervical ripening agent during labor induction as measured by bishop score on term singleton pregnant patients / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

BACKGROUND: Pre-induction of labor cervical ripening increases success of labor induction when there is unfavorable cervix. Evening primrose oil soft gel capsule contains linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid, which are precursors of prostaglandins E1 andE2.OBJECTIVE: To measure the effectiveness of evening primrose oil capsule as a cervical ripening agent by measuring the Bishop score before and 4 hours after intravaginal insertion of six capsules.METHODS: A quasi-experimental cross-sectional study was conducted from the period of May to July 2016 involving labor induction patients with a Bishop score ?4, an intact amniotic sac and a Biophysical profile score of 10/10 or 8/8.RESULTS: Thirteen patients had an average age of 27±6 years, and a mean age of gestation of 40±1 weeks. Seven patients (54%) were nulliparous, 2 (15%) were primiparous and 4 (31%) were multiparous. Seven patients (54%) had hypertension, 1 (8%) had diabetes mellitus, 5 (38%) had post-term pregnancies. A paired t-test was done to check for statistically significant changes in the Bishop score. Change in the Bishop score from baseline to 4 hours after insertion of evening primrose oil capsules was statistically significant (p=0.001). Eleven patients (85%) had improvement in the Bishop score after 4 hours, 4 (31%) of which had a clinically significant change in the Bishop score (?4). Specifically, there were statistically significant changes in the dilatation (p=0.027), effacement (p=0.006) and consistency (p=0.002). The mean birth weight of deliveries was 3192±351 grams. Nine patients (69%) underwent primary low segment cesarean section, six (46%) of which for nonreassuring fetal status, 2 (15%) for arrest in cervical dilatation, and 1 (8%) for intraamnionic infection. Four patients (31%) successfully delivered vaginally.CONCLUSION: Results showed a positive effect on the Bishop score during cervical ripening although further studies are needed to establish direct correlation.

Predicting factors for success of vaginal delivery in preterm induction with prostaglandin E₂

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostaglandin (PG) E₂ for preterm labor induction and to investigate the predictive factors for the success of vaginal delivery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in women (n=155) at 24+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation who underwent induction of labor using a PGE₂ vaginal pessary (10 mg, Propess) from January 2009 to December 2015. Success rates of vaginal delivery according to gestational age at induction and incidence of intrapartum complications such as tachysystole and nonreassuring fetal heart rate were investigated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive factors for success of labor induction. RESULTS: The vaginal delivery rate was 57% (n=89) and the rate of cesarean delivery after induction was 43% (n=66). According to gestational age, labor induction was successful in 16.7%, 50.0%, and 62.8% of patients at 24 to 31, 32 to 33, and 34 to 36 weeks, showing a stepwise increase (P=0.006). There were 18 cases (11%) of fetal distress, 9 cases (5.8%) of tachysystole, and 6 cases (3.8%) of massive postpartum bleeding (>1,000 mL). After adjusting for confounding factors, multiparity (odds ratio [OR], 8.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.10 to 23.14), younger maternal age (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.94), advanced gestational age at induction (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.09), rupture of membranes (OR, 11.83; 95% CI, 3.55 to 39.40), and the Bishop score change after removal of PGE₂ (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.8) were significant predictors of successful preterm vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the principal predictive factors of successful preterm labor induction, as well as the safety of PGE₂, will provide useful information when clinicians consult with preterm pregnant women requiring premature delivery.

Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Developing during Pregnancy in Patient with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus / 대한내과학회지

A 32-year-old pregnant woman (34 + 5 weeks) was admitted with dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Previously, she was diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus at 28 weeks with 100 g-OGTT and insulin therapy was started. Her average fasting glucose level was 97 mg/dL and postprandial 1-hour glucose level was 130 mg/dL with basal-bolus insulin therapy (total dose of 28-30 IU/day). At 34 + 0 weeks of gestational age, polyuria and unexpected weight loss (2 kg/week) with hyperglycemia occurred, and total dose of daily insulin requirement was increased up to 50 IU/day. At admission, her serum glucose level was high (502 mg/dL), and urinalysis revealed ketonuria +3. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed pH of 6.83, pCO2 of 9 mmHg, and bicarbonate of 2 mmol/L with an anion gap of 23.5 mmol/L. The diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis was established and emergency caesarean section was conducted due to fetal distress. She was finally diagnosed with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, and multiple daily insulin injection therapy was continued after delivery.