Detection of Treponema spp. in bovine digital dermatitis in the Amazon biome, Brazil / Detecção de Treponema spp. em dermatite digital bovina no bioma amazônico, Brasil

Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a polybacterial claw disease that is endemic to dairy cattle kept in loose house systems, and treponemas are the main bacteria implicated in this disease. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of Treponema spp. in BDD from crossbred dairy cattle (Holstein x Zebu) kept in a pasture in the Brazilian Amazon biome. The diagnostic of BDD was performed by inspecting the distal extremities of cattle during milking in one or more visits comprising 15 farms. In total, it could be inspected 1,847 cows from August 2016 to July 2017, and 25 lesions of BDD were diagnosed. The feet were scored (System M: M0 = no lesion, M1 = ulcer stage <2cm, M2 = ulcer stage >2cm, M3 = healing stage, M4 = chronic stage, M4.1 = chronic stage with ulcer area). Twenty four biopsy samples were taken from feet with BDD and five biopsy samples from feet with no lesions. The histopathology of stained tissues was performed by hematoxylin and eosin and Warthin-Starry method. The samples were also tested by nested PCR for the three previously isolated BDD Treponema phylogroups (T. medium/T. vincentii-like, T. phagedenis-like and T. putidum/T. denticola-like). Spirochetes were observed in 54.2% (13/24) of the lesions, and in 91.7% (22/24) of the samples were detected the DNA of this spirochete belonging to the treponema phylogroups implicated in BDD. In 25% (6/24) of the lesions were detected all the phylogroups. Forty percent (40%, 2/5) of the M0 samples were also positive for the nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested-PCR), as 8.3% (2/24) of the lesions were negative in both techniques employed. Treponema putidum/T. denticola-like was the most detected bacterial in all the stages, and active lesions (M2 and M4.1) presented a greater proportion of T. medium/T. vincentii-like and T. phagedenis-like, but no statistical differences were observed (p>0.05). It could be concluded that BDD lesions in crossbred dairy cattle kept to pasture in the Amazon biome were classified as "polytreponemal" infections and the phylogroup T. putidum/T. denticola-like was the most frequent in the lesions.(AU)

Dermatite digital bovina (DDB) é uma enfermidade polibacteriana dos dígitos endêmica em vacas leiteiras criadas em estábulos e as treponemas são as principais bactérias envolvidas. Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de Treponema spp. em DDB em bovinos leiteiros mestiços (Holandês x Zebu) criados a pasto no bioma amazônico brasileiro. O diagnóstico da DDB foi realizado pela inspeção, em uma ou mais visitas, das extremidades distais das vacas durante a ordenha em 15 propriedades. No total, foram inspecionadas 1.847 vacas de agosto de 2016 a julho de 2017 e diagnosticou-se 25 lesões de DDB. As extremidades distais inspecionadas foram classificadas em escores (M0 = sem lesão, M1 = estágio ulcerado <2cm, M2 = estágio ulcerado >2cm, M3 = estágio em cicatrização, M4 = estágio crônico, M4.1 = estágio crônico com área ulcerada) e realizada 24 biópsias de dígitos com DDB e cinco biópsias de dígitos em estágio M0. Foram realizadas a histopatologia pelas colorações de hematoxilina e eosina e pelo método de Warthin-Starry, e a nested de reação em cadeia de polimerase (nested-PCR) para os três filogrupos de treponemas previamente isolados de DDB (Treponema medium/T. vincentii-like, T. phagedenis-like e T. putidum/T. denticola-like). Espiroquetas foram observadas em 54,2% (13/24) das lesões e em 91,7% (22/24) detectou-se o DNA de, pelo menos, um dos filogrupos de treponemas pesquisados. Em 25% (6/24) das lesões foram detectados o DNA dos três filogrupos. Em 40% (2/5) das amostras em estágio M0 também foram positivas na nested-PCR, assim como 8,3% (2/24) das lesões foram negativas em ambas as técnicas empregadas. T. putidum/T. denticola-like foi o filogrupo mais detectado em todos os estágios e lesões ativas (M2 e M4.1) apresentaram uma maior proporção para Treponema medium/T. vincentii-like e T. phagedenis-like, mas não se obteve diferença estatística na ocorrência dos filogrupos entre os estágios das lesões (P>0,05). Conclui-se que lesões de DDB em rebanhos leiteiros mestiços criados a pasto no bioma amazônico brasileiro são "politreponemais" e o filogrupo T. putidum/T. denticola-like é o mais frequente nas lesões.(AU)

Infectious Diseases of the Stomach in Immune-compromised Patients

The gastrointestinal tract is a vast reservoir for internal microbiota; it is exposed directly to various externally introduced microbes, including bacteria, viruses, parasites and others. In immune-compromised conditions, the gastrointestinal tract is frequently affected by infectious diseases that seldom manifest clinically in immune-competent hosts. Immune-compromised conditions result from a variety of reasons, including human immunodeficiency virus infection, anti-cancer chemo-radiotherapy, immune suppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantations. The stomach is a relatively rare site for opportunistic infections in immune-compromised patients compared to the esophagus and colon, where esophagitis and colitis develop frequently and cause significant clinical consequences. Helicobacter pylori infection is majorly involved in gastric malfunctioning in immune-compromised patients, followed by cytomegalovirus infection. Infections by Cryptosporidium, Mycobacterium avium complex, histoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, aspergillosis, or treponema, have been reported; however, gastric involvement of these agents is extremely rare. This review discusses the general aspects and recent reports on gastric infection in immune-compromised patients.

Sífilis: a grande imitadora / Sífilis: The Great Mimicker

A Sífilis é uma doença de transmissão vertical ou sexual causada por uma bactéria espiroqueta anaeróbia restrita que parasita exclusivamente o homem. Esse termo foi usado pela primeira vez em 1530 mas só em 1905 foi associado ao Treponema. Desde o advento da penicilina, os casos de sífilis decresceram até que há cerca de 20 anos a incidência dessa doença voltou a aumentar. Apesar de ser uma doença com múltiplas manifestações sendo capaz de mimetizar outras comorbidades, o diagnóstico e tratamento do Lues é relativamente simples e barato o que vai de encontro a elevada prevalência dessa doença até os dias de hoje. Devido às mudanças epidemiológicas caracterizadas por aumento na incidência e prevalência na última década, o objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar os aspectos relevantes para detecção da doença e aspectos do seu tratamento, levando em conta as diferentes faces da doença, prevenção e tratamento.

Syphilis is a disease of sexual transmission or passed from the mother to fetus caused by a restricted anaerobic spirochete bacterium that parasites exclusively humans. This term was first used in 1530 but only in 1905 was it associated with Treponema. Since the advent of penicillin, cases of syphilis have declined until about 20 years ago when the incidence of this disease has increased again. Although it is a disease with multiple manifestations being able to mimic other comorbidities, the diagnosis and treatment of Lues is relatively simple and inexpensive, which contradicts the high prevalence of this disease until the present day. Due to the epidemiological changes characterized by increased incidence and prevalence in the last decade, the objective of this review was to present the relevant aspects to detect the disease and aspects of its treatment, according to the different faces of the disease, prevention and treatment.

Culture and molecular identification of microorganisms from Digital Dermatitis lesions in dairy cattle: Leptospira, an unexpected finding / Cultivo e identificação molecular de microrganismos isolados de lesões de dermatite digital em bovinos leiteiros: Leptospira, um achado inesperado

Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is an infectious and contagious disease characterized by ulcerative and proliferative lesions affecting the skin on the bulbs of the heel or the interdigital cleft in dairy cattle, often associated with lameness. Evidences on the etiology of BDD indicate that it is multifactorial, involving environmental factors and multiple bacterial colonization. We isolated and identified microorganisms from BDD biopsy samples obtained from five Holstein Friesian and two Jersey cows by cultivation and molecular identification of bacterial isolates using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. We identified six bacterial species: Spirochetes as Treponema pedis and Leptospira broomi/L. fainei, L. licerasiae/L. wolffii; Corynebacterium appendicis, Cupriavidus gilardii and Enterococcus casseliflavus/E. gallinarum. It was quite surprising to have isolated and identified Leptospira species in three out of seven cultures, from different individual cows and two different farms. The species identified belong to the intermediate pathogenic clade, which is a group found to cause human and animal disease. Our findings indicate the need to further investigate the association of Leptospira of intermediate pathogenicity with BDD lesions and whether its presence would have any veterinary and medical significance both in Leptospirosis and with the pathogenesis of BDD lesions, especially in tropical countries.(AU)

Dermatite digital bovina (DDB) é uma doença infecciosa, contagiosa, caracterizada por lesões ulcerativas e proliferativas da região dos talões e/ou do espaço interdigital, frequentemente associada com claudicação. Evidências indicam que a etiologia da DDB é multifatorial, envolvendo fatores ambientais e colonização polimicrobiana. Relata-se aqui o isolamento e a identificação bacteriana em amostras de biópsias em lesões de DDB, obtidas de cinco vacas da raça Holandesa e duas da raça Jersey, por meio de cultivo e identificação molecular de isolados, com base na análise de sequências de genes 16S rRNA. São identificadas seis espécies bacterianas: as espiroquetas Treponema pedis e Leptospira broomi/L. fainei, L. licerasiae/L. wolffii; Corynebacterium appendicis, Cupriavidus gilardii e Enterococcus casseliflavus/E. gallinarum. O isolamento e a identificação de espécies de Leptospira surpreenderam, destacando-se sua presença em três dos sete cultivos obtidos em diferentes vacas, de duas fazendas distintas. As espécies identificadas pertencem ao grupo tipificado como de patogenicidade intermediária, causador de doenças em animais e no homem. Os resultados apresentados indicam a necessidade de maiores investigações sobre a associação entre Leptospira de patogenicidade intermediária e a patogênese das lesões DDB, investigando-se sua presença e significado nas medicinas veterinária e humana, especialmente em países tropicais.(AU)

Prevalence of Treponemaspp. in endodontic retreatment-resistant periapical lesions

This study investigated the presence of the Treponema species in longstanding endodontic retreatment-resistant lesions of teeth with apical periodontitis, the association of this species with clinical/radiographic features, and the association among the different target species. Microbial samples of apical lesions were collected from twenty-five adult patients referred to endodontic surgery after unsuccessful root canal retreatment. Nested-PCR and conventional PCR were used for Treponema detection. Twenty-three periradicular tissue samples showed detectable levels of bacterial DNA. Treponema species were detected in 28% (7/25) of the cases. The most frequently detected species were T. socranskii (6/25), followed by T. maltophilum (3/25), T. amylovorum (3/25), T. lecithinolyticum(3/25), T. denticola (3/25), T. pectinovorum (2/25) and T. medium(2/25). T. vicentii was not detected in any sample. Positive statistical association was found between T. socranskiiand T. denticola,and between T. maltophilumand T. lecithinolyticum. No association was detected between the presence of any target microorganism and the clinical or radiographic features. Treponemaspp.are present, in a low percentage, in longstanding apical lesions from teeth with endodontic retreatment failure.

Tamizaje para sífilis en donantes de sangre y reactividad simultánea con otros marcadores en la Fundación Hematológica Colombia / Screening for syphilis in blood donors and simultaneous reactivity with other markers in the Fundación Hematológica Colombia / O rastreamento da sífilis em doadores de sangue e reativida- de simultânea com outros marcadores na Fundação Hemato - logia da Colombia

El presente artículo se propone caracterizar los donantes voluntarios de sangre que presentaron reactividad contra \r\nTreponema pallidum\r\n durante el periodo 2006-2011 y conocer la reactividad simultánea con otros marcadores en un \r\nbanco de sangre colombiano. Para ello, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal en el banco de sangre \r\nFundación Hematológica Colombia, Bogotá (Colombia). La población de estudio estuvo conformada por registros de \r\ndonantes voluntarios de sangre que presentaron reactividad en el tamizaje para \r\nTreponema pallidum\r\n y otros marca\r\n-\r\ndores entre 2006 y 2011.\r\nLa población de estudio estuvo conformada por 11.203 registros de donantes voluntarios de sangre, el promedio de \r\nedad fue de 43,27 ± 12,04 años, de los cuales el 56,2% (n=6.296) pertenecía al género masculino, el 11,1% (n=1.246) \r\nde los sujetos con tamizaje para sífilis presentaron coinfección para los marcadores de reactividad simultánea con \r\nsífilis; el de mayor presentación fue Anti-Core con un 67,7% (n=900), seguido de VIH con 10,3%. La prevalencia de \r\nsífilis del periodo de estudio fue de 1,9%.\r\nEn conclusión, se logró describir claramente las características generales de la población con tamizaje para sífilis, \r\nademás se encontraron datos estadísticamente significativos por género. Es importante conocer este tipo de compor\r\n-\r\ntamiento con el fin de fortalecer los procesos de selección de donantes de sangre y demostrar que la reactividad \r\nsimultánea no es un proceso aislado en un banco de sangre.

Objective: describe voluntary blood donors who showed \r\nreactivity to Treponema pallidum during 2006-2011 and \r\nto identify simultaneous reactivity with other markers \r\nin a Colombian blood bank. Materials and methods: a \r\nretrospective cross-sectional study was performed at the \r\nFundación Hematológica Colombia, Bogotá-Colombia. \r\nThe records of volunteer blood donors that showed reac\r\n-\r\ntivity for screening for Treponema pallidum and other \r\nmarkers of simultaneous screening during 2006-2011 \r\nwere included. Results: A total of 11.203 records of \r\nvoluntary blood donors were included; the mean age was \r\n43.27 ± 12.04 years, 56.2% males (n = 6.296), 11.1% \r\n(n = 1.246) of subjects with syphilis had co-infection \r\nand syphilis screening for markers simultaneous reacti\r\n-\r\nvity with syphilis. The greatest incidence was Anti Core \r\nwith 67.7% (n = 900), followed by HIV with 10.3%, \r\nthe prevalence of syphilis of the study period was 1.9%. \r\nConclusions: the general characteristics of the popula\r\n-\r\ntion with syphilis screening were clearly determined. \r\nThere is a statistically significant difference among the \r\ngenders. It is important to note this kind of behavior in \r\norder to reinforce the processes of blood donor selection, \r\nand to demonstrate that simultaneous reactivity is not an \r\nisolated process in the blood bank.

Objetivo: caracterizar os doadores voluntários de sangue \r\nque apresentaram reatividade contra \r\nTreponema pallidum\r\ndurante 2006-2011 e para conhecer a reatividade simul\r\n-\r\ntânea com outros marcadores em um banco de sangue \r\nna Colombia. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um \r\nestudo transversal retrospectivo no banco de sangue da \r\nFundação de Hematologia Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. \r\nA população do estudo consistiu de registros de doadores \r\nde sangue voluntários que apresentaram reatividade para \r\na triagem de Treponema pallidum e outros marcadores \r\ndurante 2006-2011. Resultados: a população do estudo \r\nconsistiu de 11.203 registros de doadores voluntários de \r\nsangue, a idade média foi de 43,27 ± 12,04 anos, sendo \r\nque 56,2% (n = 6.296) pertenciam ao sexo masculino, \r\n11,1% (n = 1.246) dos indivíduos tiveram co-infecção \r\npara os marcadores reatividade simultânea com a sífilis, \r\na maior incidência foi de Anti-Core com 67,7% (n = \r\n900), seguido por HIV com 10,3%, a prevalência de \r\nsífilis do período de estudo foi de 1,9%. Conclusão: foi \r\npossível descrever claramente as características gerais \r\nda população com sífilis também encontramos dados \r\nestatisticamente significativas por sexo. É importante \r\nconhecer esse tipo de comportamento, a fim de fortalecer \r\nos processos de seleção de doadores de sangue e também \r\nmostrar que a reatividade simultânea não é um processo \r\nisolado no banco de sangue.

Global Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Upregulation of NF-kappaB-responsive and Interferon-stimulated Genes in Monocytes by Treponema lecithinolyticum Major Surface Protein

MspTL is the major surface protein of Treponema lecithinolyticum associated with periodontitis and endodontic infections. Our recent investigation revealed that MspTL induces proinflammatory cytokines and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in THP-1 cells and periodontal ligament cells. In this study we conducted oligonucleotide microarray analysis to investigate the global transcriptional regulation in THP-1 cells stimulated with purified recombinant MspTL. MspTL upregulated the expression of 90 genes in THP-1 cells at least four fold, and the functions of these genes were categorized into adhesion, apoptosis/antiapoptosis, cell cycle/growth/differentiation, chemotaxis, cytoskeleton organization, immune response, molecular metabolism, proteolysis, signaling, and transcription. The majority of the modified genes are known to be NF-kappaB-responsive and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The expression of 12 selected genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Because prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important inflammatory mediator and Cox-2 was found to be induced by MspTL in the microarray analysis, we determined the level of PGE2 in the culture supernatants of MspTL-treated cells and found that MspTL significantly increased PGE2. Our results provide insight into the gene regulation of host cells in response to MspTL, and may contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism in periodontitis.

Analysis of Positive Results in Mediace Rapid Plasma Reagin and Treponema pallidum Latex Agglutination at a University Hospital / 임상검사와정도관리

BACKGROUND: We analyzed the positive rates of Mediace Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) (Sekisui, Japan) and Mediace Treponema pallidum Latex Agglutination (TPLA) (Sekisui) assays. Positive results were compared to those of immunochromatography assay (ICA) and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) tests. METHODS: We used samples of patients visited at a university hospital from April 2010 to May 2011. The rates of positive results were calculated with 36,343 RPR results and 5,934 TPLA results. In addition, 237 positive samples with Mediace RPR or TPLA were re-tested with ICA and FTA-ABS. Mediace RPR and TPLA tests were performed with Toshiba 200-FR Neo (Toshiba, Japan). RESULTS: The rates of positive results were 0.47% (169/36,343) and 3.52% (209/5,934) with RPR and TPLA, respectively. Among the 237 sera that tested positive with RPR or TPLA, 76 were RPR(+)/TPLA(+), 28 were RPR(+)/TPLA(-), and 133 were RPR(-)/TPLA(+). When compared to the ICA results, 86.84% (66/76) of the RPR(+)/TPLA(+) sera were ICA(+), 3.57% (1/28) of the RPR(+)/TPLA(-) sera were ICA(+), and 54.89% (73/133) of the RPR(-)/TPLA(+) sera were ICA(+). Only 67.11% of the TPLA(+) sera demonstrated positive FTA-ABS results. However, 100% of the TPLA(-) sera yielded negative FTA-ABS results. ICA and FTA-ABS had a 96.59% positive agreement rate and an 80.68% negative agreement rate. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Mediace TPLA has a low positive agreement rate with FTA-ABS. Although Mediace RPR and TPLA have advantages associated with automated methods, positive results should be confirmed with other treponemal tests, due to the high false positive rates.

Characterization of Binding of Treponema denticola to Immobilized Fibrinogen using the Fluorescent Fatty Acid Labeling Method

Treponema denticola is a gram-negative anaerobe that can cause periodontal disease. The adhesion of this bacterium to host tissues is considered to be the primary event in the colonization and infection of a host. Fibrinogen is generally found in damaged tissues resulting from periodontitis. The binding ability of T. denticola to fibrinogen may therefore be an important virulence factor in inducing periodontal diseases. It has been reported recently that oral spirochetes can be labeled with fluorescent fatty acids and we speculated that this labeling method could be used in an oral spirochete binding assay. The binding of several different strains of T. denticola to immobilized human fibrinogen was therefore tested using the fluorescent fatty acid labeling method. In the case of immobilized fibrinogen, the T. denticola ATCC 35405 strain showed saturable binding to immobilized fibrinogen. Indeed, all four different T. denticola strains tested in this experiment, T. denticola ATCC 35405, T. denticola ATCC 33520, T. denticola ATCC 35404 and T. denticola OTK showed binding to fibrinogen. The fluorescent fatty acid labeling method thus shows utility in binding assays for T. denticola, different strains of which can generally bind to immobilized fibrinogen.

Detection of Treponema pallidum in the Skin Lesions of Primary and Secondary Syphilis: An Immunohistochemical Study / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Syphilis is an infection caused by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), and this disease is increasing in incidence. However, making the diagnosis of syphilis is sometimes still challenging because of the variable clinical and histopathologic findings and there are cases with negative serologic findings, and especially in the setting of HIV infection and immunosuppressive therapy. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we specifically evaluated the number and distribution patterns of T. pallidum in the skin lesions from patients with primary or secondary syphilis. METHODS: orty eight skin biopsy specimens with the clinical and/or serological diagnosis of syphilis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using primary polyclonal antibodies against T. pallidum. RESULTS: Overall, T. pallidum was identified in 45 specimens (94%). The IHC of the 22 specimens from the patients with primary syphilis were all positive (100%). Twenty three (88%) out of 26 specimens from the patients with secondary syphilis showed positive results. T. pallidum was also identified in three patients with negative VDRL. Although the density of T. pallidum was higher in the specimens from the patients with primary syphilis than in those from the patients with secondary syphilis, the differences were not statistically significant (p=0.32). An epitheliotropic pattern was more frequently observed in the specimens from the patients with secondary syphilis (81%) than in those from the patients with primary syphilis (50%) (p=0.01). The density and distribution patterns of T. pallidum didn't show any correlation with the duration of skin lesions or the VDRL titer. CONCLUSION: IHC using a polyclonal antibody against T. pallidum could be an effective method for making the diagnosis of primary and secondary syphilis.

Pathologic diagnosis of specific infections in upper aerodigestive tract / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find a fast and simple method for detection of specific pathogens in upper aerodigestive tract.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-one cases of specific infections in upper aerodigestive tract encountered during a 10-year period in Beijing Tongren Hospital were retrospectively studied. Six histochemical stains, including PAS, Giemsa, Gram, methylene blue, modified Warthin-Starry and acid-fast stains were applied. The morphology of different pathogens was studied and the staining patterns were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 23 cases of pharyngeal treponemal infection, 10 cases of short treponemal infection, 4 cases of mycobacterial infection, 4 cases of infection by rhinoscleroma bacilli, 1 case of sinonasal fungal infection, 1 case of combined infection of bacteria and Oidium albicans, 2 cases of tonsillar Actinomycetes and 16 cases of non-specific bacterial infections. Both pharyngeal treponemal infection and infection by rhinoscleroma bacilli could be detected by modified Warthin-Starry stain. As for sinonasal fungal infection, PAS, Giemsa and modified Warthin-Starry stains were useful in differentiating different types of fungi. Mycobacteria were best demonstrated by conventional acid-fast stain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Special histochemical stains performed on histologic sections are useful for diagnosing specific infections in upper aerodigestive tract.</p>

Identification of putative periodontal pathogens in Korean chronic periodontitis patients / 대한치주과학회지

PURPOSE: Specific bacteria are believed to play an important role in chronic periodontitis. Although extensive microbial analyses have been performed from subgingival plaque samples of periodontitis patients, systemic analysis of subingival microbiota has not been carried out in a Korean population so far. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of 29 putative periodontal pathogens in Korean chronic periodontitis patients and evaluate which pathogens are more associated with Korean chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 86 subgingival plaque samples were taken from 15 chronic periodontits(CP) patients and 13 periodontally healthy subjects in Korea. CP samples were obtained from the deepest periodontal pocket (>3 mm probing depth[PD]) and the most shallow periodontal probing site (< or =3 mm PD) in anterior tooth and posterior tooth, respectively, of each patient. Samples in healthy subjects were obtained from 1 anterior tooth and 1 posterior tooth. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of subgingival plaque bacteria was performed. Detection frequencies(% prevalence) of 29 putative periodontal pathogens were investigated as bacterium-positive sites/total sites RESULTS: With the exception of Olsenella profuse and Prevotella nigrescens, the sites of diseased patients generally showed higher prevalence than the healthy sites of healthy subjects for all bacteria analyzed. Tanerella forsythensis (B.forsythus), Campylobacter rectus, Filifactor alocis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected in more than 80% of sites with deep probing depths in CP patients. In comparison between the sites (deep or shallow PD) of CP patients and the healthy sites of healthy subjects, there was statistically significant difference(P <0.05) of prevalence in T.forsythensis (B.forsythus), C.rectus, Dialister invisus, F.alocis, P.gingivalis and Treponema denticola. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the four putative periodontal pathogens, T.forsythensis (B.forsythus), C.rectus, P.gingivalis and F.alocis are closely related with CP patients in the Korean population.

Há 100 anos, a descoberta do Treponema pallidum / A hundred years ago, the discovery of Treponema pallidum

A descoberta do Treponema pallidum por Schaudinn & Hoffmann em 3 de março de 1905 foi influenciada pela comunicação de Siegel, sobre a descoberta do agente etiológico da sífilis. Encarada com ceticismo, a comunicação acarretou novas investigações, conduzidas pelo zoologista Schaudinn e pelo dermatologista Hoffmann -primeiros observadores do agente da sífilis, denominado Spirochaeta pallida. A descoberta foi o passo inicial para o desenvolvimento dos procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos nos anos subseqüentes.

Analysis of the infection of sexually transmitted diseases among high-risk population in Nanjing / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among high-risk population in Nanjing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A high-risk population of 1539 underwent physical examinations from September 2001 to May 2004. The results were recorded, the urogenital swabs collected to further detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GN), Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu), and the blood specimens tested for syphilis and HIV antibodies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infection rates were 13.5% for GN, 10.3% for syphilis, 2.3% for condyloma acuminata, 35.9% for Ct and 22.4% for Uu respectively. Nongonococcal urethritis (NUG) was shown to be the most prevalent STD in the group. No subject was found to be positive with HIV antibody.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Screening strategy in the high risk population is useful and efficient in controlling the spread of STDs and HIV.</p>

The effect of Treponema denticola immunoinhibitory protein on cytokine expression in T cells / 대한치과보존학회지

Immunoinhibitory protein extracted from sonicated Treponema denticola have been shown to suppress cell cycle progression of human lymphocytes. To study in detail about the effect of this microorganism on the function of lymphocytes, we investigated the levels of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by T lymphocytes before and after the addition of 12.5 microg/ml T. denticola sonicated extracts. In this study, levels of IL-2 and IL-4 produced from T cells pretreated with sonicated extracts were evaluated by using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. In response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, T cell produced increased levels of IL-2 and IL-4. However, the expressions of both cytokines were significantly inhibited when PHA activated-T cells were pre-exposed to sonicated T. denticola extracts (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the T. denticola sonicated extracts induced-immunosuppression in Th1 and Th2 cell functions could be a part of the pathogenic mechanism of the endodontic failure associated with this microorganism.

Distribution of 3 kinds of periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaques of patients with chronic periodontitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg), Treponema denticola(Td) and Bacterides forsythus(Bf) subgingivally in diseased sites of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples of subgingival plaque were detected by 3 kinds of oligonucleotide DNA probe from 60 sites of CP patients and 10 healthy sites of 10 healthy people.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of Pg, Bf and Td in patients were 91.67%, 90.00% and 95.67% respectively; Pg, Bf and Td were detected simultaneously in 83.33% patients and Pg, Bf and Td were found to be related with each other(P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pg, Bf and Td were prominent periodontopathic bacteria and related each other, might exist in complexes in subgingival plaque and coaggretate together.</p>

Effect of sonicates of Treponema denticola on osteoblast differentiation / 대한치주과학회지

No abstract available.