The Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 Overexpressed in Lung Cell Lines by Methanolic Extract of Valeriana officinalis

Abstract The present study investigated the effects of valerian methanolic extract and valerenic acid on the expression of LL-37 gene and protein in A549 and MRC5 line cells. After preparing Valerian seeds, sowing them in March 2020, and harvesting the rhizome in October 2020, the extract was prepared from the valerian rhizome by maceration method. Valerian acid content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two cell lines (A549 and MRC-5) were used to study the effects of valerian extract, and the MTT test was used to evaluate cell viability. The expression of LL-37 mRNA and protein was assessed by Real-Time PCR and western blot, respectively. In vivo safety assessments and histopathological analysis were also conducted. Data was analyzed by Graphpad Prism 8 software. Valerian methanolic extract and valerenic acid upregulated the LL-37 mRNA and protein expression in both treated cell lines. Valerenic acid showed a greater effect on upregulating LL-37 expression than valerian methanolic extract. A549 cells were more sensitive to valerian methanolic extract compared to MRC5 cells, and its cell viability was reduced. Furthermore, liver and kidney-related safety assessments showed that valerian methanolic extract had no toxic effects. In general, it was concluded that the methanolic extract of valerian as well as the resulting valerenic acid as the most important component of the extract has the ability to upregulate LL-37expression. Therefore, methanolic extract of valerian and valerenic acid can be considered for improving the immune system.

Plantas com ação no sistema nervoso central que constam na relação nacional de plantas medicinais de interesse ao sus (RENISUS) / Plants acting on the central nervous system: review plantas com ação no sistema nervoso central que constam na relação nacional de plantas medicinais de interesse ao sus (RENISUS) / Plantas con acción sobre el sistema nervioso central incluidas en la lista nacional de plantas medicinales de interés para sus (RENISUS)

A depressão é uma doença grave que atinge a população em geral, estudos epidemiológicos estimam que a prevalência da depressão ao longo da vida no Brasil está em torno de 15,5%. Os fatores que desencadeiam o aparecimento da depressão incluem fatores sociais, psicológicos, biológicos e também fatores externos específicos como eventos estressantes, solidão, consumo de álcool e drogas, doenças crônicas e dar á luz (depressão pós-parto). O objetivo da presente pesquisa consistiu em realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as principais plantas medicinais com ação antidepressiva. A ansiedade vem se tornando um dos principais problemas da atualidade, sendo intensificada pela pandemia causada pelo coronavírus, onde constatou-se que durante o pico da pandemia onde os casos confirmados de COVID-19 no Brasil ascenderam de 45.757 para 330.890, e as mortes, de 2.906 para 21.048, o sentimento de tristeza/depressão atingiu 40% dos adultos brasileiros. Os sintomas de depressão podem ser amenizados quando a disponibilidade sináptica de monoaminas são aumentadas, e esse aumento pode ocorrer através da diminuição da metabolização desses neurotransmissores. Neste sentido, busca-se através da farmacoterapia a utilização de antidepressivos que disponibilizem as monoaminas na fenda sináptica. A escolha do fármaco é feita com base nos sintomas da depressão e na boa resposta a uma determinada classe de antidepressivos. Em fevereiro de 2009 o Ministério da saúde lançou a Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS (RENISUS), contendo 71 espécies vegetais que são distribuídas de forma in natura nas unidades básicas de saúde (UBS). Destas, somente três espécies apresentam efeito antidepressivo e ansiolítico comprovados na literatura sendo Matricharia chamomilla, Erytrinum mulungu e a Passiflora incarnata que também fazem parte da RENISUS. Além destas, outras espécies como a Melissa officinalis, Lippia alba, Valeriana officinalis e Piper methysticum são utilizadas pela população para tratar ansiedade, insônia e depressão, sugerindo desta forma que estas espécies sejam incluídas na RENISUS.

Depression is a serious disease that affects the general population, epidemiological studies estimate that the prevalence of depression throughout life in Brazil is around 15.5%. The factors that trigger the onset of depression include social, psychological, biological and also specific external factors such as stressful events, loneliness, alcohol and drug consumption, chronic diseases and giving birth (postpartum depression). The objective of the present research was to carry out a literature review on the main medicinal plants with antidepressant action. Anxiety has become one of the main problems of today, being intensified by the pandemic caused by the coronavirus, where it was found that during the peak of the pandemic where confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Brazil rose from 45,757 to 330,890, and deaths, from 2,906 to 21,048, the feeling of sadness/depression reached 40% of Brazilian adults. Symptoms of depression can be alleviated when synaptic availability of monoamines is increased, and this increase can occur through decreased metabolization of these neurotransmitters. In this sense, the use of antidepressants that make monoamines available in the synaptic cleft is sought through pharmacotherapy. The choice of drug is based on symptoms of depression and good response to a particular class of antidepressants. In February 2009, the Ministry of Health launched the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the SUS (RENISUS), containing 71 plant species that are distributed in natura form in basic health units (UBS). Of these, only three species have antidepressant and anxiolytic effects proven in the literature, being Matricharia chamomilla, Erytrinum mulungu and Passiflora incarnata, which are also part of RENISUS. In addition to these, other species such as Melissa officinalis, Lippia alba, Valeriana officinalis and Piper methysticum are used by the population to treat anxiety, insomnia and depression, thus suggesting that these species are included in RENISUS.

Los estudios epidemiológicos estiman que la prevalencia de la depresión a lo largo de la vida en Brasil es de alrededor del 15,5%. Los factores que desencadenan la aparición de la depresión son sociales, psicológicos, biológicos y también factores externos específicos, como los acontecimientos estresantes, la soledad, el consumo de alcohol y drogas, las enfermedades crónicas y el parto (depresión posparto). El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre las principales plantas medicinales con acción antidepresiva. La ansiedad se ha convertido en uno de los principales problemas de la actualidad, intensificándose por la pandemia causada por el coronavirus, donde se encontró que durante el pico de la pandemia donde los casos confirmados de COVID-19 en Brasil aumentaron de 45.757 a 330.890, y las muertes, de 2.906 a 21.048, el sentimiento de tristeza/depresión alcanzó el 40% de los adultos brasileños. Los síntomas de la depresión pueden aliviarse cuando se aumenta la disponibilidad sináptica de las monoaminas, y este aumento puede producirse mediante una disminución de la metabolización de estos neurotransmisores. En este sentido, se busca a través de la farmacoterapia el uso de antidepresivos que hagan disponibles las monoaminas en la hendidura sináptica. La elección del fármaco se hace en función de los síntomas de la depresión y de la buena respuesta a una clase concreta de antidepresivos. En febrero de 2009, el Ministerio de Salud lanzó la Lista Nacional de Plantas Medicinales de Interés para el SUS (RENISUS), que contiene 71 especies de plantas que se distribuyen in natura en unidades básicas de salud (UBS). De ellas, sólo tres especies tienen efectos antidepresivos y ansiolíticos probados en la literatura: Matricharia chamomilla, Erytrinum mulungu y Passiflora incarnata, que también forman parte del RENISUS. Además de éstas, otras especies como Melissa officinalis, Lippia alba, Valeriana officinalis y Piper methysticum son utilizadas por la población para tratar la ansiedad, el insomnio y la depresión, lo que sugiere que estas especies se incluyan en el RENISUS.

A clínica da similitude / The clinical practice of similarity

Agradecemos a gentileza do convite para proferir esta conferência no interessante momento em que, por iniciativa da comissão organizadora deste XXII Congresso Brasileiro de Homeopatia, são convidados observadores e palestrantes da área não homeopática com a intencionalidade de nos questionar e quebrar a assim chamada auto referência. Trazemos aqui algumas considerações sobre a Clínica da Similitude, que esperamos possam contribuir para a compreensão do nosso modelo e levantar questionamentos sobre a nossa prática. Foi-nos ensinado que a ciência começa na filosofia clássica como um projeto de conhecimento do homem, valendo-se inicialmente apenas da razão, incorporando posteriormente o trabalho experimental para a sua evolução e aperfeiçoamento. Nesse contexto observamos que, como consequência do resgate acidental de Hahnemann, a Homeopatia nasce bem dentro da proposta de experimentação buscando, a seguir, valer-se da razão para tentar compreender o conhecimento que ali se mostrava. (AU)

Change in malate dehydrogenase and alpha amylase activities in Rubus fruticosus and Valeriana jatamansi treated granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius / Mudança nas atividades de malato desidrogenase e alfa amilase em Rubus fruticosus e gorgulho tratado com Valeriana jatamansi, Sitophilus granarius

Poor storage conditions provide favorable environment to stored grain pests for their growth. The bio-pesticides are the best alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Present study was conducted to compare toxicity of Rubus fruticosus and Valeriana jatamansi against granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius and subsequent changes in enzyme activity responsible for grain damage. In current research 5 g of R. fruticosus fruit and V. jatamansi rhizome powders were tested separately against S. granarius, in 50 g wheat whole grains for seven days in comparison with the control. The enzymatic activity of malate dehydrogenase and α-amylase was observed in the cellular extracts of S. granarius. The insects were crushed and homogenized in phosphate-buffer solution and centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 5 minutes. For the enzymatic measurement supernatant was tested; the spectrophotometer was adjusted at 340 nm. The reagents were mixed and incubated at 25 °C for five minutes. The cuvettes were placed in the experimental and reference sites of spectrophotometer and recorded the change in absorbance for 3-4 minutes. There was 5.60% and 14.92% reduction in the activity of malate dehydrogenase in R. fruticosus and V. jatamansi, treated insects, respectively. The alpha amylase enzyme activity was 6.82% reduced and 63.63% increase in R. fruticosus and V. jatamansi, treated insects, respectively. Present study addresses that both plant powders are effective against granary weevil by altering enzyme activities so both the plant powders can be used as bio-pesticides against the stored grains pests.

As más condições de armazenamento proporcionam um ambiente favorável às pragas armazenadas para o crescimento. Os biopesticidas são as melhores alternativas aos pesticidas sintéticos. O presente estudo foi conduzido para comparar a toxicidade de Rubus fruticosus e Valeriana jatamansi contra gorgulhos, Sitophilus granarius e subsequentes alterações na atividade enzimática responsáveis ​​por danos aos grãos. Na pesquisa atual, 5 g de frutos de R. fruticosus e pós de rizoma de V. jatamansi foram testados separadamente contra S. granarius, em 50 g de grãos integrais de trigo por sete dias, em comparação com o controle. A atividade enzimática da malato desidrogenase e α-amilase foi observada nos extratos celulares de S. granarius. Os insetos foram esmagados e homogeneizados em solução tampão fosfato e centrifugados a 10000 rpm por 5 minutos. Para a medição enzimática, o sobrenadante foi testado; o espectrofotômetro foi ajustado a 340 nm. Os reagentes foram misturados e incubados a 25 °C por cinco minutos. As cubetas foram colocadas nos locais experimentais e de referência do espectrofotômetro e registradas as alterações na absorbância por 3-4 minutos. Houve redução de 5,60% e 14,92% na atividade da malato desidrogenase em R. fruticosus e V. jatamansi, insetos tratados, respectivamente. A atividade da enzima alfa amilase foi reduzida em 6,82% e aumento de 63,63% em R. fruticosus e V. jatamansi, insetos tratados, respectivamente. O presente estudo aborda que ambos os pós de plantas são eficazes contra o gorgulho do celeiro, alterando as atividades enzimáticas, de modo que ambos os pós de plantas possam ser usados ​​como biopesticidas contra pragas de grãos armazenados.

Effect of Valeriana jatamansi extract on fecal UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics in rats with diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this study was to understand the pharmacodynamic effect of Valeriana jatamansi extract in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) rat model induced by maternal separation combined with three kinds of stress, and observe the changes of endogenous metabolites in feces after intervention to find potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways. The animal model of IBS-D was established by maternal separation combined with restraint, ice swimming and tail clamping. The therapeutic effect of each dose group of V. jatamansi extract was evaluated in terms of abdominal withdrawal reflex pressure threshold, fecal water content and immobility time of forced swimming test. In addition, rat feces were collected for detection of metabolic profiles of small molecular metabolites with UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS platform, so as to find the biomarkers of differential metabolism with multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogon partial least squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA). The results showed that as compared with the normal group, the threshold of abdominal withdrawal reflex pressure was decreased, the fecal water content was increased, and the immobility time of forced swimming test was prolonged in the model group. The results of fecal metabonomics showed that the levels of 39 metabolites were down-regulated and those of 37 metabolites were up-re-gulated. Further analysis showed that these metabolites were related to bile acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, ceramide metabolism and other metabolic pathways. This study proved that the extract of V. jatamansi had definite pharmacodynamic effect on IBS-D model rats, and the mechanism was discussed from the perspective of fecal metabonomics.

Valerian treatment during the postpartum period alters breast milk composition and impairs long-term memory in female rat offspring

Maternal anxiety symptoms in the perinatal period might have long-term health effects on both the mother and the developing child. Valerian is a phytotherapeutic agent that is widely used for the treatment of anxiety. This study investigated the effects of valerian treatment in postpartum rats on maternal care, toxicity, and milk composition. Postnatal development, memory, and anxiety behavior in the offspring were also assessed. Postpartum Wistar rats received the valerian (500, 1000, or 2000 mg·kg-1·day-1) by oral gavage. Clinical and biochemical toxicity was evaluated with commercial kits. Maternal behavior was observed daily. Milk composition was analyzed by colorimetric methods. Physical and neuromotor tests were used to analyze postnatal development. Anxiolytic activity was assessed by the elevated plus maze, and memory was evaluated by the step-down inhibitory avoidance task. Maternal toxicity and care behavior were not altered by the treatment, while only the highest dose promoted a significant increase of lactose, and the doses 1000 and 2000 mg·kg-1·day-1 promoted a reduction of protein contents in milk. Postnatal development was similar in all offspring. Adult offspring did not display altered anxiety behavior, while long-term memory was impaired in the female adult offspring by maternal treatment with 1000 mg·kg-1·day-1. These results suggested that high doses of valerian had significant effects on important maternal milk components and can cause long-term alterations of offspring memory; thus, treatment with high doses of valerian is not safe for breastfeeding Wistar rat mothers.

Dynamic changes of the main active constituents in valerian rhizome and root (Valeriana amurensis Smir. ex Kom.) during different harvest periods / Cambios dinámicos de los principales constituyentes activos del rizoma y raíz valeriana (Valeriana amurensis Smir. Ex Kom.) durante diferentes períodos de cosecha

Valeriana amurensis Smir. ex Kom. widely distributed in the northeast region of China and some region in Russia and Korea, and its underground parts (roots and rhizomes) being used to cure nervous system diseases such as insomnia. The active components including the essential oil and iridoids of underground parts were investigated in different harvest periods in order to evaluate the quality for the roots and rhizomes of V. amurensis. The content of the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and bornyl acetate in the oil was quantitated by GC-EI. The iridoids, valepotriates were determined by potentiometric titration and the main component, valtrate was quantitated by HPLC-UV. The factors of biomass were considered in the determination of collection period. Statistical analysis of results showed that, the highest content of the essential oil per plant was 22.69 µl in withering period and then 21.58 µl in fruit ripening period, while the highest contents of bornyl acetate, valepotriates and valtrate per plant were 2.82 mg, 31.90 mg and 0.98 mg in fruit ripening period separately. Fruit ripening period was decided as the best harvest period for the content of active constituents and output of drug, and it would provide scientific basis for the artificial cultivation of V. amurensis.

Valeriana amurensis Smir. ex Kom. Se distribuye ampliamente en la región noreste de China y en algunas regiones de Rusia y Corea, y sus partes subterráneas (raíces y rizomas) se utilizan para curar enfermedades del sistema nervioso como el insomnio. Se investigaron los componentes activos, incluidos el aceite esencial y los iridoides de las partes subterráneas de V. amurensis en diferentes períodos de cosecha para evaluar la calidad de las raíces y rizomas. El contenido del aceite esencial se obtuvo mediante hidrodestilación y el acetato de bornilo en el aceite se cuantificó por GC-EI. Los iridoides, valepotriatos se determinaron mediante valoración potenciométrica y el componente principal, el valtrato se cuantificó por HPLC-UV. Los factores de biomasa fueron considerados en la determinación del período de recolección. El análisis estadístico de los resultados mostró que el mayor contenido de aceite esencial por planta fue de 22,69 µl en el período de marchitación y luego de 21,58 µl en el período de maduración de la fruta, mientras que el mayor contenido de acetato de bornilo, valepotriatos y valtrato por planta fue de 2.82 mg, 31.90 mg y 0,98 mg, respectivamente, en el período de maduración de la fruta por separado. Se definió el período de maduración de la fruta como el mejor período de cosecha para el contenido de constituyentes activos y la producción de droga, lo cual proporcionaría una base científica para el cultivo artificial de V. amurensis.

Antimicrobial activity of four Valeriana (Caprifoliaceae) species endemic to the Venezuelan Andes / Actividad antimicrobiana de cuatro especies de Valeriana (Caprifoliaceae) endémicas de los Andes venezolanos

Abstract Valeriana L. genus is represented in Venezuela by 16 species, 9 of these are endemic of Venezuelan Andes growing in high mountains at 2 800 masl. In this investigation, four species were analyzed in order to determine the main secondary metabolites and antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from aerial parts of Valeriana parviflora, V. rosaliana, V. triplinervis and V. phylicoides. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenoids and saponins were qualitatively observed in all methanolic extracts tested. The color intensity or a precipitate formation was used as analytical response to these tests. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram positive, Gram negative bacterial strains and yeast, using disc diffusion method. N-hexane extracts of V. triplinervis and V. rosaliana showed the highest efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus, exhibiting inhibition zones of 16 mm and 15 mm; MIC (Minimal Inhibition Concentration) values were observed at 116 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL, respectively. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of V. triplinervis and methanolic extract of V. rosalianashowed a rather moderate activity (MIC between 200 to 316 mg/ml) but a very weak antibacterial activity was observed in V. phylicoides and V. parviflora extracts (MIC > 420 mg/mL). None of the extracts assayed in this investigation showed any activity against Candida albicansand Candida krusei. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences on the different polarity extracts assayed with respect to antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (P > 0.10), however it was observed significant differences between the Valeriana species analyzed (P < 0.10) in relation to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1282-1289. Epub 2018 September 01.

Resumen El género Valeriana, está representado en Venezuela por 16 especies, 9 de las cuales son endémicas de Los Andes y crecen en las altas montañas a 2 800 msnm. En esta investigación cuatro especies fueron analizadas para determinar los principales metabolitos secundarios y la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos obtenidos de las partes aéreas de Valeriana parviflora, V. rosaliana, V. triplinervis y V. phylicoides. Compuestos como alcaloides, flavonoides, taninos, estroles, triterpenos y saponinas fueron detectados cualitativamente en todos los extractos metanólicos ensayados. La intensidad del color o la formación de un precipitado se tomaron como respuesta positiva para estos análisis. Actividad antimicrobiana fue evaluada frente a bacterias Gram positivas, Gram negativas y levaduras, usando el método de difusión en discos. Los extractos en n-hexano de V. triplinervis y V. rosaliana mostraron la mayor eficiencia frente a Staphylococcus aureus, mostrando zonas de inhibición de 16 mm y 15 mm con valores de CIM (Concentración Inhibitoria Mínima) observados a 116 mg/mL y 150 mg/mL, respectivamente. Los extractos con diclorometano y metanol de V. triplinervis y metanol de V. rosaliana revelaron moderada actividad (CIM entre 200 y 316 mg/ml), mientras actividad muy leve se observó en los extractos de V. phylicoides y V. parviflora (CIM > 420 mg/mL). Ninguno de los extractos ensayados mostraron actividad frente a Candida albicans y Candida krusei. Los análisis estadísticos mostraron que no hay diferencia significativa entre los solventes de diferentes polaridades con relación a la actividad antimicrobiana frente a S. aureus (P > 0.10), sin embargo, sí se observó diferencia significativa (P < 0.10), entre las especies de Valeriana ensayadas con respecto a la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM).

Variability of phenolic compounds at different phenological stages in two populations of Valeriana carnosa Sm. (Valerianoideae, Caprifoliaceae) in Patagonia / Variabilidad de compuestos fenólicos en diferentes estadios fenológicos en dos poblaciones de Valeriana carnosa Sm. (Valerianoideae, Caprifoliaceae) en Patagonia

This study analysed the total content of phenolic compounds in roots and rhizomes extracts from two populations of Valeriana carnosa Sm. (Caprifoliaceae) at three phenological stages. Total phenolic content was determined through the Folin-Ciocalteu method, which ranged between individuals from 3.56 to 11.68 mg GAE/g of dry sample. Antioxidant activity was determined using the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), which showed a significant positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. We tentatively identified 18 phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS, mostly phenolic acids, one of which was present only in the Hoya population at the vegetative stage and one only in the Piltri population at the flowering and fruiting stages. Phenolic compounds in subterranean organs of V. carnosa vary qualitatively (between populations/stages) and quantitatively at intra- and inter-population level at different phenological stages. In both populations, on average a higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity were recorded at the flowering and fruiting stages.

En este estudio se analizó el contenido total de compuestos fenólicos en extractos de raíces y rizomas provenientes de dos poblaciones de Valeriana carnosa Sm. (Caprifoliaceae) en tres estadios fenológicos. El contenido total de fenoles se determinó sobre muestras secas, mediante el método de Folin-Ciocalteu, que varió de 3.56-11.68 mg GAE/g entre individuos. Se determinó la actividad antioxidante utilizando el radical estable 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) y se observó una correlación positiva significativa entre la actividad antioxidante y el contenido total de fenoles. Identificamos tentativamente 18 compuestos fenólicos mediante HPLC-MS, principalmente ácidos fenólicos, dos de los cuales estuvieron presentes en la población Hoya en la etapa vegetativa y en la población Piltri en las etapas de floración y fructificación. Los compuestos fenólicos en órganos subterráneos de V. carnosa varían cualitativamente (entre poblaciones/estadios) y cuantitativamente a nivel intra- e inter-poblacional en diferentes estadios fenológicos. En ambas poblaciones, en promedio se registró un mayor contenido de fenoles y actividad antioxidante en las etapas de floración y fructificación.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effect of Herbal Medicine to Manage Sleep Dysfunction in Peri- and Postmenopause

OBJECTIVES: Some conventional medications used to treat insomnia, such as benzodiazepine, non-benzodiazepine, and hormone therapy, are associated with side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of herbal medicine. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects herbal medicines have on sleep disorders of peri- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: Three databases were searched including MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 2018. RESULTS: Six trials assessed the effect of soy on sleep disorders. Forrest plot for 2 studies showed that the standardized mean difference (SMD) of the sleep problems was lower in the soy group than the placebo group (SMD = −0.996; P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, −1.42 to −0.563). Three trials showed soy had no significant effect on sleep disorders and one study showed a positive effect on sleep disorders. Accordingly, it is difficult to reach a definite conclusion regarding the effects of soy on sleep disorders based on these findings. According to a trial, significant beneficial effect associated with taking Schisandra chinensis. Findings suggested that some herbal medicines like red clover, lavender combined with bitter orange and pin bark extract had attenuating effects on sleep disorders. After intake of 530 mg of valerian twice a day for one month, statistically significant effects were observed regarding the quality of sleep of postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: The present systematic review and meta-analysis found inadequate evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of herbal medications, especially soy.

Chemical constituents from ethyl acetate-soluble extraction of Valeriana jatamansi / 中国中药杂志

Application of a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, macroporous adsorbent resin, and reversed-phase HPLC, led to the isolation of 173 compounds including irdidoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, lignans, flavonoids, and simple aromatic derivatives from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the whole plants of Valeriana jatamansi(Valerianaceae), and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D, 2D NMR UV, IR, and MS techniques. Among them, 77 compounds were new. In previous reports, we have described the isolation, structure elucidation, and bioactivities of 68 new and 25 known compounds. As a consequence, we herein reported the isolation and structure elucidation of the remaining 9 new and 71 known compounds, the structure revision of valeriotriate A(8a), as well as cytotoxicity of some compounds.

Uso de plantas medicinales como tranquilizante en la parroquia Marcos Espinel del cantón Santiago de Pillaro / Use of medicinal plants as a tranquilizer in the parish of Marcos Espinel del cantón Santiago de Pillaro

Desde épocas remotas, el hombre ha utilizado plantas medicinales para curar sus enfermedades, de ahí que con el paso del tiempo se ha creado todo un conocimiento de remedios vegetales que han constituido la base de la medicina moderna. Por ello la presente investigación tuvo el objetivo de caracterizar el uso de plantas medicinales con efecto tranquilizante en la Parroquia de Marcos Espinel del Cantón Santiago de Píllaro. Para el desarrollo del proyecto se realiza mediante un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, observacional y descriptiva que incluyó a 234 personas de la Parroquia Marcos Espinel del Cantón Santiago de Píllaro a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta para conocer el tipo de plantas medicinales que son más utilizadas como efecto tranquilizante. La investigación permitió concluir que las plantas más utilizadas por sus efectos tranquilizantes son: el toronjil con el 47%, la valeriana 13%, manzanilla 13% y el cedrón 8%, el modo de administración más frecuente es la infusión con un 92.3% y que en la Parroquia Marcos Espinel el 80% de habitantes reconoce que las plantas medicinales poseen un efecto tranquilizante eficaz para el alivio o reducción de la ansiedad, desesperación, susto o insomnio. (AU)

Uso de plantas medicinales como tranquilizante en la parroquia Salasaca / Use of medicinal plants as tranquilizer in Salasaca parish

El presente proyecto de investigación se enfoca en el "Uso de plantas medicinales como tranquilizante en la Parroquia Salasaca". Para que esta investigación sea desarrollada de una manera factible se realizó la recolección de datos aplicando una encuesta a 246 habitantes mayores de 20 años en la comunidad. El objetivo es caracterizar el uso de plantas medicinales como efecto tranquilizante en los habitantes de la Parroquia Salasaca. La metodología que se utilizó es cuantitativa porque se otorgó valores numéricos, Observacional permite recoger los datos a través de la observación desde Septiembre 2017- Enero 2018, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal por lo que se pudo analizar las características más sobresalientes de las plantas medicinales y el efecto que produce su uso en la comunidad en un período de 5 meses. Resultados: Se logró identificar los tipos de plantas medicinales con efectos tranquilizantes empleados en Salasaca que son: valeriana 25% y pasiflora 15%, modo de uso es infusión 59%, seguida de baño 35%, frecuencia de administración es una sola vez con 51% y el efecto es aliviar o reducir los nervios e insomnio con 76%. Conclusión: Se determinó el uso de plantas medicinales con propiedad tranquilizante que son: valeriana, pasiflora, tilo, manzanilla, guanto, lúpulo, boldo, amapola, ruda, canela, borraja, hoja de higo, sauce, flor de clavel, ginseg, hoja de lechuga, santa maría y llantén; mismas que son utilizadas considerablemente por la población debido a sus efectos tranquilizantes en casos de depresión, ansiedad e insomnio. (AU)

Efecto inductor de sueño de Valeriana Officinalis como coadyuvante de Alprazolam en insomnio crónico en adultos. Medicina Complementaria - Trujillo, 2018 / Sleep-inducing effect of Valeriana Officinalis as an adjunct to Alprazolam in chronic insomnia in adults. Complementary Medicine - Trujillo, 2018

Se realizó un estudio cuyo objetivo fue determinar si la terapia de Valeriana officinalis como coadyuvante del alprazolam tiene efecto inductor de sueño en el tratamiento de insomnio crónico, mediante un diseño cuasi experimental en la cual participaron 52 adultos mayores en el Centro de Medicina Complementaria de EsSalud ­ Trujillo, quienes fueron dividido en dos grupos: 26 para el grupo control con terapia de alprazolam (TA) y 26 para el grupo experimental quienes recibieron terapia de valeriana más alprazolam (TB). Se utilizó como instrumento el índice de gravedad de insomnio (ISI) que fue aplicado pre y post tratamiento a ambos grupos. Los resultados evidencian que ambas terapias presentan eficacia, la terapia con alprazolam presentó una reducción de -1.15 puntos del ISI, a diferencia alprazolam más Valeriana oficinales logro una disminución de -3.77. Al comparar ambas alprazolam más valeriana presentó una reducción mayor de 2.62 puntos (p< 0.05). Valeriana Officinalis como coadyuvante del alprazolam tiene efecto inductor de sueño, presentando una diferencia significativa en la reducción del puntaje ISI.

Tricalcium phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation by newly isolated Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus CKMV1 from rhizosphere of Valeriana jatamansi and its growth promotional effect

Abstract Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus strain CKMV1 was isolated from rhizosphere of Valeriana jatamansi and possessed multiple plant growth promoting traits like production of phosphate solubilization (260 mg/L), nitrogen fixation (202.91 nmol ethylene mL-1 h-1), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (8.1 µg/mL), siderophores (61.60%), HCN (hydrogen cyanide) production and antifungal activity. We investigated the ability of isolate CKMV1 to solubilize insoluble P via mechanism of organic acid production. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) study showed that isolate CKMV1 produced mainly gluconic (1.34%) and oxalic acids. However, genetic evidences for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization by organic acid production have been reported first time for A. aneurinilyticus strain CKMV1. A unique combination of glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) gene and pyrroloquinoline quinone synthase (pqq) gene, a cofactor of gdh involved in phosphate solubilization has been elucidated. Nitrogenase (nif H) gene for nitrogen fixation was reported from A. aneurinilyticus. It was notable that isolate CKMV1 exhibited highest antifungal against Sclerotium rolfsii (93.58%) followed by Fusarium oxysporum (64.3%), Dematophora necatrix (52.71%), Rhizoctonia solani (91.58%), Alternaria sp. (71.08%) and Phytophthora sp. (71.37%). Remarkable increase was observed in seed germination (27.07%), shoot length (42.33%), root length (52.6%), shoot dry weight (62.01%) and root dry weight (45.7%) along with NPK (0.74, 0.36, 1.82%) content of tomato under net house condition. Isolate CKMV1 possessed traits related to plant growth promotion, therefore, could be a potential candidate for the development of biofertiliser or biocontrol agent and this is the first study to include the Aneurinibacillus as PGPR.

[ effect of Valerian on the anxiety and depression symptoms of the menopause in women referred to Shahrekord medical centers]

Background: Anxiety and depression as the most common psychological disorders are associated with gynecologic problems. Women, especially in this age usually increasingly tend to be treated with some herbal compounds and nutritional supplements

Objective: The present study aims to determine the effect of Valerian on anxiety and depressive symptoms in menopausal women referred to Shahrekord medical centers

Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was carried out on women referred to Shahrekord medical center. In present study, 48 eligible women aged 45 to 62 years have been divided randomly into two groups [29 in Valerian and 19 in placebo]. The information was completed via demographic questionnaire, Hamilton anxiety rating scale, and Beck depression inventory before and 2 months after treatment. The data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney Tests and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS 11.5 software

Results: According to the findings of the present study, both groups were match regarding to depression and anxiety levels at the first stages of the study [P> 0.05]. After the intervention, anxiety level and depressive symptoms were decreased significantly in valerian group [P=0.001]

Conclusion: The results have shown that Valerian is effective in the treatment of anxiety and depression in menopausal women and could be considered as an alternative treatment

Biología de Valeriana pilosa R. &. P. (Valerianaceae): una especie en peligro de extinción de las altas montañas de Perú / Valeriana pilosa R. &. P. (Valerianaceae) biology: an endangered species in the high mountains of Peru

El estudio se realizó en un área de vegetación natural en Campo Alegre (3708 msnm), centro poblado de Huanico, distrito de Namora, Cajamarca (Perú), donde Valeriana pilosa R. & P. crece espontáneamente. Se describió la planta, la semilla, la regeneración natural, la fenología de las poblaciones, el área foliar y la asignación de la materia seca a los órganos de las matas adultas. Se realizaron pruebas de germinación y se evaluó el crecimiento de las plántulas. La planta vive en el pajonal, asociada, principalmente, a especies de Calamagrostis y Stipa. Se regenera mediante semilla, bajo la protección de las plantas acompañantes. La fenología de las poblaciones estuvo relacionada con la temperatura y la precipitación pluvial. El área foliar por mata fue de 925 cm2 y el índice de cosecha promedio de 35.8 por ciento. Mil semillas pesaron 0.2 g y tuvieron 43 por ciento de germinación. Las plántulas crecieron 5.6 mm mes-1.

The study was conducted in an area of natural vegetation in Campo Alegre (3708 m), Huanico, Namora district, Cajamarca (Perú), where Valeriana pilosa R. & P. (“valeriana”) grows spontaneously. Plant, seed, natural regeneration, phenology of populations, leaf area and dry matter allocation of the organs of adult bush were described. Germination tests were performed and the growth of seedlings was evaluated. The plant lives in the scrubland, mainly associated with species of Calamagrostis and Stipa. It is regenerated by seed, under the protection of companion plants. The phenology of populations was related to temperature and rainfall. The leaf area per plant was 925 cm2 and the average harvest index of 35.8 percent. Thousand seeds weighed 0.2 g and had 43 percent germination. Seedlings were grown 5.6 mm month-1.

In vitro propagation of the Garden Heliotrope, Valeriana officinalis L.: Influence of pre-chilling and light on seed germination.

Valeriana officinalis is an important medicinal herb commonly found in Kashmir valley. This study forms an important preliminary step for in-vitro micro propagation of V. officinalis from breaking the seed dormancy, inducing rapid seed germination and its subsequent micro propagation. We investigated the influence of pretreatment of V. officinalis seeds with reduced temperature and light on seed germination and in-vitro propagation. Culture of explants from cultivated seeds have demonstrated its potential for in vitro propagation and plantlet regeneration. Individual as well as combinations of treatments such as temperature and light availability influenced the germination of seeds variedly. Unchilled seeds of V. officinalis were given dip in GA3 (200 ppm) for 24, 48 and 120 h. Seeds treated with GA3 for 24 h and kept in darkness showed the best results, i.e. 48%. Seeds pretreated with GA3 for 120 h and incubated in dark showed 40% germination. Pre-chilling up to 72 h and kept in light showed maximum germination of 60% followed by 40% kept in darkness. Pre-chilling for 48 h resulted in 40 and 25% seed germination in light and darkness, respectively. GA3 pre-treatment for 72 h and 24 h pre chilling were most effective in inducing seed germination. Maximum shoot response was obtained on MS enriched with BAP (1mg/L) + IAA (0.1mg/L) combinations using shoot tips as explants. Multiple shoot regeneration from shoot apices was recorded on BAP (1mg/L) and BAP (1mg/L) + IAA (0.1mg/L).

Analgesic effect of Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis and Piper methysticum for orofacial pain

To evaluate in vivo the association of hypericum Hypericum perforatum, valerian Valeriana officinalis and kava Piper methysticum with analgesia by assessing their effects in reducing orofacial pain as well as the possible hepatic, hematologic and biochemical alterations induced by regular administration of these extracts. METHODS: Orofacial pain was induced in mice with the administration of 2.5% formalin in the upper lip. After 60 min, the animals were treated with saline, carbamazepine and hydroalcoholic plant extracts. The nociceptive intensity was determined by the timing at which the animal remained rubbing the injected area. To assess the hepatotoxic effect, mice were chronically treated for 25 days with saline, carbamazepine and hydroalcoholic extract. The animals were euthanized and the liver weighed, followed by a differential count of leukocytes and measurement of alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. RESULTS: The evaluation of analgesic activity in phase 1 reduced the time of rubbing compared to the control by 86% 0.05 mL/10 g and 76% 0.10 mL/10 g. In phase 2, the extracts reduced rubbing time by 94% and 85%, respectively. In the evaluation of alkaline phosphatase, the groups treated with extracts at doses of 0.05 mL/10 g and 0.1 mL/10 g increased by 16.1% and 9.5% compared to the control group and a reduction of 8.5% and 9.1% in the evaluation of alanine transaminase respectively. It was demonstrated that in the differential counts showed an increase in eosinophils in the treated group with 0.05 mL/10 g. CONCLUSIONS: The use of hydroalcoholic extract of the associated plants reduced the orofacial formalin-induced pain with better results than carbamazepine, at both the neural conductor level of pain phase 1 and in inflammatory or later pain phase 2 without presenting hepatotoxicity. The observed eosinophilia is suggestive of a phenomenon called hormesis...

Chemical constituents from whole plants of Valeriana hardwickii / 中国中药杂志

Chemical investigation of the whole plants of Valeriana hardwickii has led to the isolation of 11 flavones and 2 monoterpe- noids by using various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, preparative TLC, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis as syzalterin (1), 6-methylapigenin (2), 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3), genkwanin (4), acacetin (5), apigenin (6), quercetin (7), tricin (8), (-)-farrerol (9), sosakuranetin (10), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (11), (-)-bornyl ferulate ( 12) , and (-)-bornyl caffeate ( 13). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, while compounds 1, 9-13 were obtained from this genus for the first time.