Desgaste profesional en personal de enfermería. Aproximaciones para un debate / Professional burning out in nursing staff. Approaches for a debate

El síndrome de burnout es frecuente en las profesiones asistenciales y de contacto interpersonal; en su génesis intervienen, entre otros, factores de índole laboral. En el personal de enfermería se caracteriza, específicamente, por cansancio emocional, despersonalización y ausencia de realización personal. Por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo se determina su prevalencia en una muestra representativa de enfermeras profesionales de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención, ubicado en San Luis Potosí. Participaron 70 enfermeras profesionales de los principales servicios, a quienes se aplicó el cuestionario breve de burnout en su versión estandarizada para México (CBB), que valora las áreas de cansancio emocional, despersonalización y ausencia de realización personal, aunado a tres cuestionarios que evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, la satisfacción laboral y familiar y el trastorno emocional. La afectación por el síndrome de burnout presentó niveles altos, asociándose principalmente con edad mayor de 30 años, estado civil, labores del hogar, ausentismo por enfermedad, depresión grave e insatisfacción laboral, entre otros. Se concluye que el síndrome tiene alta prevalencia en las enfermeras profesionales estudiadas, donde sobresalen los servicios de urgencias y la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se necesitan intervenciones a corto plazo para disminuir y prevenir el síndrome.

The Burnout syndrome (BS) is characterized by emotional fatigue, loss of personal identity and loss of personal realization feelings. BS is frequent among professionals that assist people (health care workers) and among those that have interpersonal contact; the occupational characteristics are among BS contributing factors. The objective was to ascertain BS prevalence among nurses affiliated to the San Luis Potosí General Hospital. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with a groups of nurses who gave their informed consent to participate. The Brief Questionnaire of Burnout version standardized for Mexico was used to collect the information. This version explores the following areas: emotional fatigue, loss of personal identity and personal realization. Also, participants answered three questionnaires about their socio-demographic characteristics, occupational satisfaction, family variables and emotional dysfunction. 70 licensed nurses participated. The BS was common among participants. Some variables related to BS were: age older than 30 years, being female, being married, housekeeping work, absenteeism due to illness, serious depression and occupational dissatisfaction. Nurses working at the emergency room and in critical care services had BS more often. The Burnout syndrome has a high prevalence among licensed nurses. Interventions to decrease and to avert BS are needed.

Quality os life in patients with diabetic nephropathy / Quality of life in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI)due to diabetic nephropaty (DN), represents in Mexicoa matter of concern in public health. This illness has an impact so much psysical as emotional along the process of the chronicity, this process deteriorates the quality of people's life that suffer it. For such reason, the purpose of the present investigation is to determine the impact of the deterioration of the quality of life in a sample of patients with diabetic nephropathy. It was carried out an expo-facto, af traverse type study, in this study we try to identify and typify their possible functional peculiarities. The fellows that participated in the study were 100 patients that attend to the continuos peritoneal dialysis program, in a hospital of the IMSS, of the capital of San Luis' State Potosí, diagnosed by their own doctors with DN. The deteriration of the quality of life was measured with the scale of quality of life related with the health (QOLRH), in its validated version and standardized to spanish. The dependent variable to consider was the evaluation of the index of deterioration of the quality of life estimated though the QOLRH scale. The independent variable understood the evolution time of the chronic-degenerative condition of the DN of the selected patients, as well as some socio-demographic aspects. the results revelead that 100 per cent of the studied sample deals with some grade of deterioration in its quality of life in the valued areas that included the scale. The areas of interaction stand out with the team of health, the sexual dysfunction, the emotional and physical aspects, among others. Having more risk in the deterioration, those patients with more than ten years of evolution of the suffering with DM-2, the educational level, over 50 years age. We conclude that the grade of deterioration of the quality of life in this type of patient with DN is progressive and associated to the degenerative evolution of illness.

Algunas consideraciones en el ánalisis del concepto: Satisfacción del paciente / Some considerations in the analysis of the concept: Satisfaction of patient

En México, en las últimas décadas, se ha incorporado la categoría satisfacción del paciente como una variable digna de tener en cuenta enla estimación de la calidad de los servicios de salud. LAs actitudes de los pacientes y de los profesionales de la salud (concretamente los médicos y las enfermeras) cobran importancia en el resultado del proceso de interacción entre ambos, en la prestación de los servicios. El propósito de este trabajo es recoger los aportes más relevantes sobre el tema de la satisfacción del paciente desde una perspectiva histórica de su concepto, definiendo esté y abogando por criterios más rigurosos, científicamente probados y sustentados en la investigación.