effect of Alfa thalassemia on cord blood red cell indices and interaction with sickle cell gene

alpha -thalassemia is known to be prevalent in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. There are no largescale reports regarding the effect of alpha -thalassemia on red cell indices of cord blood from Saudi Arabia. Similarly, there are no reports regarding the interaction of alpha -thalassemia and the sickle cell gene in relation to red cell indices in cord blood. To address these issues, we undertook a study on neonatal cord blood samples. Materials and In a prospective study, cord blood samples from 504 neonates from the Qatif area of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia were analyzed for complete blood counts [CBC] and cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis. Hb S was confirmed by citrate agar Hb electrophoresis. There were 243 case samples with normal Hb electrophoresis [Hb A 27.2 +/- 7% and Hb F 72.6 +/- 7.7%]. Their mean Hb [g/dL], RBC [x1012/L], Hct [%], MCV [fl], MCH [pg], MCHC [g/dL], RDW-SD [fl] and RDWCV [%] were 15.05 +/- 1.6, 4.5 +/- 0.5, 47.4 +/- 5.3, 106 +/- 8, 33.6 +/- 2.3, 31.8 +/- 1.7, 69.2 +/- 9.5 and 17.9 +/- 1.7, respectively. There were 136 cases with alpha -thalassemia trait [alpha TT], 57 cases with sickle cell trait [SCT] and 50 cases of sickle cell trait with alpha -thalassemia trait [SCT/alpha TT]. There were 10 cases of Hb H disease [6 definite], including one with sickle cell disease [SCD] and two with SCT, Hb Bart's 23.9%-43.6%; four probable with Hb Bart's 10.9%-16.1%, and one with SCT. The effect on red cell parameters in Hb H disease were most pronounced. In addition, there were seven cases of SCD, four of whom had coexistent alpha -thalassemia trait [SCD/alpha TT]. The prevalence of alpha -thalassemia in this cohort of Saudi population was 39.99%. Hb H disease appeared as common as SCD. Sickle cell gene was seen in 23.4% of neonatal samples. alpha -thalassemia gene significantly reduces MCH, MCV, RDW-SD, Hct, Hb, and increases RBC count in both normal or sickle cell trait neonates. Generally, the variation of red cell parameters is directly proportional to the amount of Hb Bart's in the cord blood. Sickle cell gene in itself produces low MCV, RDW-SD and MCH in cord blood. Further, normal reference values for red cell parameters of cord blood are established

Studies on the synthesis of certain sulphur compounds as antimicrobials, antishistosoma and Molluscidies

Interaction of 3, 3-dimercapto-1-[2-thienyl]-2-propen-1-one [I] with alkylhalides, acid chloride gave the S, S-disubstituted derivatives [II, IV], condensation of [I] with aldehydes afforded different products according to the reagent used. In concentrated hydrochloric acid it gives the dithioacetals [V]; while in glacial acetic acid, the chalcone [VI] was the unexpected product. Sulphurization of [I] with P4S10 afforded 5 [2-thienyl]-1,2-dithiacyclopenten-3, thione [VII] in a satisfactory yield; while bromination of [VII], followed by boiling in water gave 5 [2-thienyl]-1, 2-dithiacyclopenten-3-one [IV]. Bromination of [IX] yielded the 4-bromoderivative [X] which on treating with methanolic potassium hydroxide hydrolyses and through interreaction, 2, 5-di [2-thienyl]-1, 4-dithiacyclohexadiene-3, 6-dicarboxylic methylester [IX] was collected. Desulphurization of [XV] followed by alkaline hydrolysis gave 2, 4-di [2-thienyl] thiophene 3, 5-dicarboxylic acid [XVIII]. Oxidative cyclization of furfurylidene thiosemicarbazone gave 2-amino-5 [2-furyl]-1, 3, 4- thiadiazole [XIX] which on treating with isocyanates; namely, naphthyl, and/or cyclohexyl gave the disubstituted ureas [XX]. Condensation of disubstituted urea derivative with bromoethylacetate or/and chloroacetyl chloride obtained the imidazolidinone derivative [XXI], while with dibromoethane yielded the hedantoin derivative [XXII], screening of most derivatives showed activities

Synthesis of some naphthalene -sulphonohydrazides and related compounds of potential biological activity

In a search for new pest control agents, the following naphthalene sulphonohydrazides have been prepared: naphthalene-1-sulphonyl hydrazide, naphthalene-2-sulphonyl hydrazide, 4-chloronaphthalene-1-sulphonyl hydrazide and naphthalene-1, 5-bis-sulphonyl hydrazide. The hydrazides have been converted into a number of derivatives [e.g. hydrazones, and their N-methyl and s-benzyl-iso-thiuronium derivatives]. The compounds were characterised by their ultraviolet, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance, and these are briefly discussed. The insecticidal activity of these compounds was screened against cotton leaf worm

Some reactions of coumarins with hydrazine and ethylenediamine

The Reaction between coumarin derivatives and hydrazine hydrate or ethylenediamine is investigated and the mechanism of reaction is rationalized

Thioarylidenephthalides and related compounds: V Some new classes of phthalimidines synthesis of 2-substituted-3 [a naphthal or p-tolylsulphonamidobenzal] phthalimidines

3-[alpha-Naphthal] phthalimidines[V] as well as 2-thio-[IX] and 1-thio-[XI] 3-[alpha-naphthal] phthalides are prepared and some of their-reactions are investigated. 3-[p-Tolylsulphonamidobenzal] phthalides [XVIa and XVII] as well as the isomers 4-chloro and 7-chloro-3-[P-tolylsulphonamidobenzal] phthalides [XVIb and XVIc] and some of their P-tolylsulphonamidobenzal phthalimidines, [XIX and XX] are synthesized