Metabolic disorder of fatty acids and bile acids caused by organochlorine pesticides:research progress / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Organochlorine pesticides(OCP)exist widely in the environment,which may threaten human health and cumulate for years once absorbed in the body.OCP metabolites in the body are associated with metabolic disorders.In vivo and in vitro exposure of OCP could enhance hepatic fatty acid synthesis, and interfere in the β-oxidation of fatty acids by impairing the function and structure of mitochondria in hepatocytes. Moreover, OCP can increase secondary bile acid formation by modulating of gut microbiota and reduceing ileal bile acid re-absorption,resulting in compensatory increase of hepatic bile acid synthesis. This review summarizes the mechanism of fatty acid and bile acid metabolic abnormalities caused by OCP.

Association between Plasma Metal Levels and Diabetes Risk: a Case-control Study in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Many metals, some of which have been classified as environmental endocrine disruptors, are used extensively in everyday consumer products and are ubiquitous in our living environment. In the present study, we aimed to explore the associations between the prevalence risk of type 2 diabetes and plasma levels of 20 trace elements as well as those of heavy metals in a Han Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a case-control study to investigate the associations between plasma concentrations of 20 metals and diabetes in Jiangsu province. A total of 122 newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes and 429 matched controls were recruited from community physical examinations in Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province. Plasma metal levels were measured by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting for confounders, plasma vanadium, chromium, manganese, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, strontium, palladium, cadmium, cesium, and barium were associated with diabetes risk (P < 0.05). The adjusted OR increased with increasing concentration of vanadium, manganese, copper, zinc, and cesium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Many metals, including manganese, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, and cadmium in plasma, are associated with the morbidity of diabetes. Monitoring of environmental metal levels and further studies are urgently needed.</p>

Association of 8-hydroxyguanine glycosidase OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism with male infertility / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association of 8-hydroxyguanine glycosidase OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism with semen quality and the risk of male infertility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This case-control study included 620 idiopathic infertile patients and 385 normal fertile controls. We determined their genotypes by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and analyzed their semen quality by computer-aided semen analysis (CASA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The individuals with OGG1 326 Cys/Cys showed significantly lower sperm motility and concentration ([52.1 +/- 26.7]% and (3.75 +/- 0.91) x 10(6)/ml, ln transformed value) than the Ser/Ser carriers ([59.0 +/- 21.8] % and (4.12 +/- 0.88) x 10(6)/ml, ln transformed value) (P < 0.05). The risk of male infertility increased 69% in the OGG1 326Cys allele carriers as compared with the Ser carriers (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24 -2.31).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>OGG1 326 Ser/Cys polymorphism might contribute to the risk of male infertility in the southern Chinese population.</p>

Ala499Val (C > T) and Lys939Gln (A > C) polymorphisms of the XPC gene: their correlation with male infertility / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The Ala499Val (C > T) and Lys939Gln (A > C) of the XPC gene are two potentially functional nonsynonymous polymorphisms, which affect the rate of DNA repair and might change XPC production and activity. This study aimed to explore the distribution of these two polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population and their relationship with male infertility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We genotyped the two polymorphisms of the XPC gene by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 318 infertile patients and 228 fertile male controls, detected the frequency of the alleles, and analyzed both the individual and the joint contribution of the two polymorphisms to male infertility.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the Ala499Val (C > T) polymorphism, the frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were significantly different in distribution between the patients and the controls (P = 0.020). Males with the TT genotype had a lower risk of male infertility than those with the CC genotype (adjusted OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.23-0.88), and even lower than those with both CC and CT genotypes (adjusted OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22-0.71). The Lys939Gln (A > C) polymorphism was not related with male infertility. The combined genotype analysis showed that the individuals with 1-4 risk alleles had a significantly higher risk of male infertility (adjusted OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.50-5.04) than those with 0 risk allele.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Ala499Val (C > T) polymorphism of the XPC gene is correlated with male infertility and may be a potential genetic risk factor for male infertility in the Chinese Han population.</p>

Association of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms with idiopathic azoospermia in a Chinese population / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To assess the possible role of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair gene XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1) during spermatogenesis by investigating the associations of one promoter polymorphism (T-77C) and two exonic polymorphisms (Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln) in XRCC1 gene with risk of idiopathic azoospermia in a Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genotype and allele frequencies of three observed polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism based on a Chinese population consisting of 171 idiopathic azoospermia subjects and 247 normal-spermatogenesis controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In our study, all the observed genotype frequencies were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The 399A (GA+AA) allele frequency for idiopathic azoospermia subjects and controls was 0.216 and 0.269, respectively. Compared with GG genotype, the AA genotype of Arg399Gln showed a significant association with a decreased risk of idiopathic azoospermia (odds ratio = 0.315; 95% confidence interval = 0.12-0.86). However, no significant differences were found between the cases and controls for T-77C and Arg194Trp polymorphisms. The major haplotypes of XRCC1 gene were TCG, TTG and TCA, whereas no haplotypes appeared to be significantly associated with idiopathic azoospermia based on the cutoff of P < 0.05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In a selected Chinese population, AA genotype of Arg399Gln appears to contribute to a decreased risk of idiopathic azoospermia, while we have not any evidence of involvement of XRCC1 T-77C and Arg194Trp polymorphisms in idiopathic azoospermia.</p>

Fenvalerate affects sperm motility in SD rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the direct effects of fenvalerate (Fen) on sperm motility in SD rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sperm were isolated from caudal epididymides of healthy adult male rats with the diffusion method. The motility parameters of the isolated sperm, such as VCL, VSL, VAP, BCF, STR and LIN, were monitored by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system after 1, 2 and 4 h Fen-exposure in vitro at concentrations of 0, 1, 4, 16 and 64 micromol/L respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 1 and 2 h Fen-exposure, VSL, BCF, STR and LIN decreased significantly at 64 micromol/L compared with the control group. After 4 h Fen-exposure, the motility parameters VCL, VSL, BCF, STR and LIN dropped progressively at 64 micromol/L, and VCL declined markedly at 16 micromol/L. However, only VCL and STR showed alterations in a time-response manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fen may affect the caudal epididymal sperm and produce a direct toxic effect on sperm motility in SD rats.</p>