Satisfaction of pregnant women regarding antenatal care at the selected Upazilla Health Complexes during COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) envisions a world where every pregnant woman and newborn receives comprehensive care throughout the pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period. This study aims to assess the satisfaction of pregnant women with antenatal care services at selected Upazilla Health Complexes during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction levels of pregnant women with the antenatal care services provided at selected Upazilla Health Complexes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at three selected Upazilla Health Complexes in Kishorganj district, Bangladesh, namely Hussainpur Upazilla Health Complex, Karimganj Upazilla Health Complex, and Pakundia Upazilla Health Complex. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 163 married pregnant women attending antenatal care services at these health complexes. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews ensuring privacy and analyzed using SPSS 26, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Most pregnant women (54.6%) were aged 18-23 years. Education levels: 40.5% had SSC education, 9.2% were illiterate. Respondents expressed high satisfaction with key aspects at the Upazilla Health Complex, including medicine supply and awareness about ANC services. Continuous monitoring is crucial for patient satisfaction. Medicine supply significantly impacted satisfaction, emphasizing its importance in healthcare quality. Conclusions: Despite challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, Upazilla Health Complexes have effectively provided antenatal care, satisfying the majority of respondents, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring.

Vaginal versus caesarean delivery: an institutional experience from North India

Background: The purpose of this study was to recognise and evaluate the common maternal concerns that emerge following vaginal and caesarean deliveries. Methods: In this retrospective study, hospital records of 300 pregnant patients who delivered in our hospital between July 2021 to December 2021 were analysed. Results: In total of 300 patients, 110 had caesarean and 190 had vaginal delivery, 16 (14.5%) patients developed wound infection in caesarean and 6 (3.15%) in vaginal delivery, 12 patients developed post-partum haemorrhage after undergoing vaginal delivery and 6 patients after caesarean. There were 2 deaths reported in caesarean mode and only 1 in vaginal mode of delivery. Conclusions: The study's findings indicate that caesarean had greater rates of maternal problems than vaginal delivery did.

Maternal age and pregnancy outcomes in elderly mothers

Background: Aim of the study was to compare pregnancy outcomes between women aged 40 or older and those aged 20 to 39 years. Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted at SKIMS medical college, Srinagar between March 2017 to April 2019 in which hospital records of 170 patients who delivered during the study period were analysed. Results: Among patients of 40 years old and above, obstetric complications are significantly more frequent, with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension and caesarean delivery. Fetal risk of IUGR, prematurity was significantly greater in patients 40 years of age or older. Conclusions: A 40-year-old or older mother is more likely to experience medical issues and have more invasive deliveries. Additionally, there is a strong correlation between highly advanced maternal age and unfavourable perinatal outcomes such preterm birth and fetal growth restriction.

Comparative analysis of pregnancy complications: primigravida versus multigravida

Background: The study aimed to compare the outcome of pregnancies in a primigravida with multigravida. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Skims Medical College, Srinagar between May 2017 to December 2018 in which hospital records of 135 patients who delivered during the study period were analysed. Results: Majority of primigravida mothers falls in 21-30 years of age group 34 (54.83%), whereas 46 (65.75%) of multigravida were in 31-40 years. Incidence rate of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, post-partum haemorrhage, placenta previa, oligohydramnios, pre term labour, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was higher in primigravida when compared to multigravida. Conclusions: Despite the fact that primigravida had the majority of the issues, both groups experienced considerable issues. Therefore, in order to promote maternal health, women should get information about appropriate medical care as well as counselling. It will help to prevent unfavourable pregnancy outcomes.

Myosin Va is developmentally regulated and expressed in the human cerebellum from birth to old age

Myosin Va functions as a processive, actin-based motor molecule highly enriched in the nervous system, which transports and/or tethers organelles, vesicles, and mRNA and protein translation machinery. Mutation of myosin Va leads to Griscelli disease that is associated with severe neurological deficits and a short life span. Despite playing a critical role in development, the expression of myosin Va in the central nervous system throughout the human life span has not been reported. To address this issue, the cerebellar expression of myosin Va from newborns to elderly humans was studied by immunohistochemistry using an affinity-purified anti-myosin Va antibody. Myosin Va was expressed at all ages from the 10th postnatal day to the 98th year of life, in molecular, Purkinje and granular cerebellar layers. Cerebellar myosin Va expression did not differ essentially in localization or intensity from childhood to old age, except during the postnatal developmental period. Structures resembling granules and climbing fibers in Purkinje cells were deeply stained. In dentate neurons, long processes were deeply stained by anti-myosin Va, as were punctate nuclear structures. During the first postnatal year, myosin Va was differentially expressed in the external granular layer (EGL). In the EGL, proliferating prospective granule cells were not stained by anti-myosin Va antibody. In contrast, premigratory granule cells in the EGL stained moderately. Granule cells exhibiting a migratory profile in the molecular layer were also moderately stained. In conclusion, neuronal myosin Va is developmentally regulated, and appears to be required for cerebellar function from early postnatal life to senescence.

Glasgow outcome scale at hospital discharge as a prognostic index in patients with severe traumatic brain injury / Escala de resultados de Glasgow por ocasião da alta hospitalar como indicador prognóstico em pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico grave

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at discharge (GOS-HD) as a prognostic indicator in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHOD: Retrospective data were collected of 45 patients, with Glasgow coma scale <8, age 25±10 years, 36 men, from medical records. Later, at home visit, two measures were scored: GOS-HD (according to information from family members) and GOS LATE (12 months after TBI). RESULTS: At discharge, the ERG showed: vegetative state (VS) in 2 (4%), severe disability (SD) in 27 (60%), moderate disability (MD) in 15 (33%) and good recovery (GR) in 1 (2%). After 12 months: death in 5 (11%), VS in 1 (2%), SD in 7 (16%), MD in 9 (20%) and GR in 23 (51%). Variables associated with poor outcome were: worse GOS-HD (p=0.03), neurosurgical procedures (p=0.008) and the kind of brain injury (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: The GOS-HD was indicator of prognosis in patients with severe TBI.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a escala de resultados de Glasgow (ERG) à alta hospitalar (ERG-ALTA) como indicador prognóstico em pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). MÉTODO: Dados retrospectivos de 45 pacientes (36 homens), com escala de coma de Glasgow <8, idade 25±10 anos, foram coletados do prontuário médico. Posteriormente, em visita domiciliar, foram pontuadas duas medidas: ERG-ALTA (de acordo com informações de familiares) e ERG TARDIA (após 12 meses do TCE). RESULTADOS: Por ocasião da alta hospitalar, a ERG evidenciou: estado vegetativo (EV) em 2 (4%); incapacidade grave (IG) em 27 (60%), incapacidade moderada (IM) em 15 (33%) e boa recuperação (BR) em 1 (2%). Após 12 meses: morte em 5 (11%), EV em 1 (2%), IG em 7 (16%), IM em 9 (20%) e BR em 23 (51%). Variáveis associadas com má evolução foram: pior ERG-ALTA (p=0,03); procedimentos neurocirúrgicos (p=0,008) e o tipo de lesão cerebral (p=0,009). CONCLUSÃO: A ERG-ALTA foi indicador adequado de prognóstico tardio em pacientes com TCE grave.

Burden level associated with practices of alzheimer patients' family caregiver

Behind every Alzheimer Patient there is hidden victim called Family Caregiver. [1] Assess practices of family caregiver to wardAlzheimer Patient.; and [2] Assess burden level of family caregiver regarding care provided to Alzheimer Patient. descriptive. The study was conducted at The Out- Patient Memory Clinic in Ain-Shams Psychiatric Mental Health Centre and The Out -Patient. Memory Clinic in Abbassia Mental Health Hospital A purposive sample of 165 Alzheimer Patient accompanied by 165 Family caregiver Tool: Three tools were used for data collection ;the first tool was Socio-demographic data sheet for Alzheimer Patient. ,include age, sex ,marital status, educational level, current occupation duration of the disease;[b].Socio-demographic data sheet for family caregiver include age, sex ,marital status, educational level, current occupation., Kinrelationship family size ,income and sources of treatment Expanses; [c].Knowledge of family caregiver regarding the Alzheimer disease such as definition, age of occurrence, classification of the disease, warning sing and symptoms and categorization of the disease in Egypt and [d].Caregiven activities checklist and e. Caregiver Burden Scale The study concluded that:[l] 49.1%Family caregiver knowledge about the disease had satisfactory ;40.7% of Family caregiver's with satisfactory level of knowledge provided acceptable care ;[2]. 50.0% family caregiver with mild burden experiences provided care to Alzheimer Patient with insignificant level. The level of care provided to Alzheimer patient was insignificantly affected by family caregiver knowledge level. Also, burden level of the Family caregiver hadn't affected the care provided. Hence, it was train health care personal to provided consulling to Family Caregiver about coping with burden resulting from care; design hot line to exchange caregiver's experiences about care of Alzheimer Patient; study different aspect of Alzheimer disease care

Studies on the asparaginolytic activity of the brown-pigmented streptomycetes

Twenty-eight brown-pigmented streptomycetes were isolated from different fertile Egyptian soils. Screening was carried out according to their asparaginolytic activity under static culture condition on glycerol- L-asparagine [GA] medium. Results revealed that FS-39 isolate gave the highest asparaginolytic activity. Therefore, it was selected and subjected to complete identification. The cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics of this isolate indicated that it belongs to Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. The effects of nutritional and environmental conditions on the asparaginase activity of Streptomyces phaeochromogenes FS-39 were studied. Data revealed that the maximal, yield of L-asparaginase from this strain can be obtained by growing it on glycerol-L-asparagine yeast extract [GAY] medium containing [w/v] 2.0% Glycerol, 0.2% L-asparagine, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% K[2]HPO[4].3H20, 0.0001% FeSO[4].7H[2]0, 0.0001% MnCl[2]. 4H[2]0, 0.0001% ZnSO[4].7H[2]O which was initially adjusted to pH 7.0, inoculated by 2% [v/v] of homogenized spore suspension [containing approximately 3.2x10[7] spores/ml] of 3 days old culture on starch nitrate medimi and incubated at 30°C for 7 days under static culture condition

Socio-cultural determinants of unwanted pregnancy: a case study from Rural Egypt

The paper reports on the determinants and consequences of unwanted pregnancy in a rural Egyptian community. This study is contexted in terms of reproductive health, shortcomings of family planning programmes and the problem of unwanted pregnancy in Egypt. The study findings are derived from the integration of the results of a structured interview with 623 married parous women residing in lower rural Egypt and 6 focus group discussion sessions undertaken in 1992-93. The paper focuses in particular upon the problem of unwanted pregnancy. Findings are outlined in terms of contraception behaviour, unwanted pregnancy and abortion. The findings highlight the need for a strategy to protect the reproductive health of rural women

Role of two dimensional and three dimensional scan in maxillo-facial

The aim of this study was to emphasize the role of 2nd and 3rd reconstruction in the evaluation of the maxillofacial lesions. This was performed on 50 patients classified into 5 groups; congenital maxillofacial lesions [10 patients], maxillofacial fractures [23 patients], inflammatory lesions [6 patients], neoplastic lesions [5 patients] and temporo-mandibular joint disorders [6 patients]. It was concluded that 3D reconstruction complements 2D CT scanning, which may be valuable in preoperative ii assessments of maxillofacial lesions. 3D CT reformation was an available adjunct in the evaluation of congenital maxillofacial anomalies, as it was able to demonstrate the precise osseous anatomy and offered a simplified technique for viewing and interpreting facial. 3D CT gave good visualization of the extent and course of fracture lines. 3D CT showed better visualization of the destructive bony processes in neoplastic masses, while, the delineation of soft tissue masses was better appreciated on conventional CT images

Herpetic and bacterial corneal ulceration in Kuwait

During a five-year survey, 228 patients with bacterial corneal ulcers and 129 patients with herpetic corneal ulcers were seen at the Eye Department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait. The most common isolate [64%] in the group with bacterial corneal ulcers was staphylococcus epidermidis [64%]. Marginal corneal ulcers secondary to chronic Staphylococcus infections were frequently seen while those secondary to streptococcus, pneumococcus, or Pseudomonas infections were more likely to be centrally located. Hypopyon was common in cases with both gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli whereas perforation was associated only with gram negative bacilli. Herpetic corneal ulcers were also common. They are associated with relatively lower rates of recurrence [46%], severe visual damage [50%], and postulcerative scarring [70%]. In cases with bacterial ulceration the rates were 60%, 61%, and 75% respectively. The most effective drugs were found to be cephaloridine, gentamicin, and polymyxin

Effect of polycations on the electrophoretic mobility of bacterial DNA

The effect of protamine, spermidine and spermine on the electrophoretic mobility of bacterial DNA was studied using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These polycations markedly lowered the electrophoretic mobility of the DNA. The maximum effect was observed when the protamine was used. The effect was due to the binding between the polycations and DNA molecules

effect of polycations on the enzymic degradation of bacillus subtilis DNA

The effect of polycations [Protamine, Spermidine and Spermine] on the degradation of bacterial DNA was found to be effective in stabilizing the native DNA against the enzymic degradation. The inhibition effect of these polycations on the enzymic degradation of DNA is due to the binding of the polycation to he bacterial DNA

Effect of protamine on bacterial transformation

The effect of protamine sulphate on the genetic transformation of B. subtilis as studied and slowed that at low concentrations [10-25 micro b/ml] increased the number of the transformants to about 150%. Concentrations of protamine between 30 - 80 micro/ml inhibited the transformation to about 50§0. Toxic effect at high doses of protamine sulphate on the bacterial cells was observed