Retrospective and prospective study of benign and malignant uterine corpus tumours.

Background and Objectives: Uterine tumors may be localized at the corpus, isthmus and cervix. The fallopian tubes and uterine ligaments may also undergo tumor transformation. This study was undertaken to focus on uterine corpus tumors, including benign and malignant tumors. The most common uterine corpus benign tumor is leiomyoma, a proliferation of mesenchymal origin, can be seen at any time between menarche and menopause. Endometrial in on the cancer highest rank amongst genital tract malignancies in the western world but it occupies the lowest rank in the eastern hemisphere including India. Aim :- The study was undertaken to observe prevalence of benign and malignant tumour of uterine corpus according to age and classify according to WHO. Methods: This present retroprospective study was conducted in one of the tertiary care hospital of Meerut city. This study was carried out on 539 cases of female genital tract tumor, out of which 211 cases of uterine tumour during a period of ten years. For the retrospective study all blocks and slides of uterine corpus tumor available were included where as for prospective study hysterectomy specimen of uterus with suspected tumor and biopsies of endometrial tumor were included. The chi square test is applied as test of significance. Results: In our study uterine corpus 194 (71.3%) was most common site for benign tumours in female genital tract, followed by ovary 71 (26.1%), cervix 5 (1.8%) and vagina 2 (0.7%).Where as cervix 193(72.2%) most common site for malignant tumours in female genital tract was followed by ovary 32 (11.9%), uterus 17(6.3%), vagina 16(5.9%), vulva 7(2.6%) and fallopian tubes 2 (0.7%).Most common benign tumor of uterine corpus was leiomyomas 194 cases. Whereas endometrial carcinoma 14(82.3%) most common malignant tumor of uterine corpus after that sarcoma 2(11.7%) and choriocarcinoma 1(5.85%).In age group of 31-40 years maximum cases of benign tumor of uterine corpus was observed whereas maximum cases of malignant tumor of uterine corpus was seen in age group of 51-60 years. Conclusion: The data can be used for estimation of load of the benign and malignant tumours of uterine corpus, establishment of management facilities, as well as for development of the objectives & strategy.

Bacteriology of spirometer tubing and evaluation of methodology to prevent transmission of infection.

Transmission of respiratory infection by a spirometer is a definite risk in countries like India where a majority of respiratory diseases are infective in nature. To assess this problem, scrapings and washing from a spirometer tube in regular use were taken for microbiological studies. Significant bacterial growth on culture included Aspergillus and acid fast bacilli. In order to check contamination, a segregation chamber was attached to the spirometer. Twenty-three patients used the spirometer with or without segregation chamber and a good correlation was shown between the two methods in forced expiratory volume in one second (r = 0.94), forced vital capacity (r = 0.92) and mid maximum expiratory flow rate (r = 0.90). It can be concluded that a spirometer may have significant growth of pathogenic bacteria and a segregation chamber may be used routinely with the spirometer in order to prevent its contamination.

Influence of maternal literacy on the nutritional status of preschool children.

The impact of maternal literacy status on the nutritional status of pre-school children in Parbhani was studied. Results revealed that the children of literate mothers had better anthropometric measurements than children of illiterate mothers. Nutrient deficiency signs especially of protein energy malnutrition were more predominant among the children of illiterate mothers. Food consumption pattern was better in children with literate mothers as compared to children of illiterate mothers. The consumption of milk and milk products, fruits, sugar and jaggery was significantly greater in children with literate mothers.

Unusual retinal manifestation in a combination of Sturge-Weber and Klipplel-Trenaunay syndrome--a case report.

An unusual retinal manifestation of arteriovenous communications is reported in a case showing a combination of Sturge-Weber and Kippel-Trenaunay syndromes. The arteriovenous communications are thought to be similar to those seen in the limbs in Parkes-Weber syndrome. This retinal finding indicates that the three syndromes are intricately related to each other and may be an incomplete manifestation of a single pathophysiologic entity which may be named neurocutaneous angiomatosis.

Torsional Kestenbaum in congenital nystagmus with torticollis.

Surgery in idiopathic congenital nystagmus to correct an abnormal head posture is based on the shifting of neutral point. Torsional Kestenbaum has been done in cases of congenital nystagmus with torticollis, without definite localisation of null point and sustained improvement of head posture subsequent to surgery has been attributed to presumed shift of the null point. We present a 6 year-old boy with congenital horizontal nystagmus with marked head tilt towards the left shoulder. Electronystagmography showed dampening of nystagmus on left tilt. Recession/advancement of all four oblique muscles was done to shift the null point and nystagmus dampened in the primary position eliminating the head tilt. This report emphasises the significance of electronystagmography in critical decision of horizontal/torsional Kestenbaum and documentation of innervational changes following surgery and subsequent followup.

Action of metronidazole on Entamoeba histolytica: an ultrastructural study.

Metronidazole (19 micrograms/ml) caused progressive increase in vacuolization in Entamoeba histolytica cells with disintegration of its plasma membrane leading to almost complete disappearance of the latter within 3 hours. The drug also induced formation of helical ribosomal aggregates in the cytoplasm and disappearance of button like structures inside the nucleus.

Pupillary automatism.

An unusual case of cyclic pupillary movements in an otherwise complete oculomotor nerve palsy in a five year-old girl is reported. This is considered to be due to destruction of somatic and visceral nuclei of the oculomotor nerve following injury to its fascicular part. Pupillary automatism has been explained on the basis of the presence of aberrant autonomic cells in the ciliary ganglion which are discharging in a regular rhythm independent of higher control.