Current situation and trend of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries / 上海预防医学

Objective To learn about the current situation and trends of novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries. Methods The data on confirmed COVID-2019 cases were collected between January 20, 2020 and February 18, 2020 and by age, sex, nationality, contact history, region, and country were performed stratified analysis and onset time analysis. Results From January 20th to February 18th, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVI D-2019 abroad was 804. Excluding the 454 cases on the 'Diamond Princess' cruise ship in Japan, the daily number of new cases fluctuated, showed a trend of rising first and then maintaining a steady trend. The peak date for new cases was on February 1, with the number of cases reaching 26. The confirmed cases were mainly concentrated in Asian countries, but also distributed in Europe, North America, Oceania and Africa. As of February 15, there was no more increase reported in the number of countries where confirmed cases occurred after reaching 25. Among these countries, Singapore, Japan, and Thailand were with the highest number of cases, with 77, 65, and 35 cases, respectively. In accordamce to available information on confirmed cases, the cases with history of exposure to confirmed cases were more than those with history of living or traveling in Hubei. And more cases were non-Chinese nationalities, 40 years old and above, and males . Conclusion The novel coronavirus has transmitted abroad, and produced second-generation cases. Although the incidence is low abroad , its trend fluctuates greatly, so sufficient attention must be paid to the possibility of further transmission.

Study on the distribution of nodularin in tissues and cell level in mice / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the tissue distribution of nodularin in mice and the cellular location of nodularin in the target organs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The nodularin was labeled with radioactive isotope (125)I and then was given to mice via oral, intraperitoneal and intravenous administration. The distribution of nodularin in target organs and the cellular location of nodularin were studied by radioisotope and autoradiography techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The radioisotope study results showed that nodularin was mainly distributed in the kidney and liver in mice. Further autoradiography study indicated that nodularin was distributed in the renal cell nuclei and liver cell nuclei.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The kidney and liver are the two main target organs for nodularin in mice.</p>

The acute toxic effects of microcystin LR in SD rats / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess Microcystin LR (MCLR)-induced acute toxic effects in male Sprague-Dawley rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats were injected with MCLR intraperitoneally in different doses for different days. The organs and serum with rats were collected at 1 and 7 days after injection, and 7 days after the final injection (total 14 days). Pathological and enzymatic changes were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rats injected with 122 microg/kg MCLR showed myocardial cells damage including pyknosis, plasma dissolve and myofibrilla (pls check with dictionary) necrosis in the heart muscles after 24 hours. At the same time, the activities of serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphonase (CPK) were higher than these in the other groups (P < 0.01). The kidney was also damaged, kidney cell degeneration, and the increase of blood creatine (BCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were also seen. In liver pathological study, liver cell hemorrhage, degeneration and/or necrosis was observed. In serum the activities of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (LDH) and GOT were higher than these in the other groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggested that MCLR can injure the heart, kidney and the liver in SD rats, and there is a dose-response relationship between MCLR and the toxic effect.</p>