Clinical related factors of portal vein tumor thrombosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a logistic regression analysis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the related factors of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) in patients with HCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total number of 234 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were included in this retrospective study. Uni-variate and multi-variate logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the association between PVTT and 18 routine clinical parameters.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 234 patients with HCC, 15% of patients (35/235) had PVTT. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant association of age (P = 0.016), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT, P = 0.003), number of segmental invasion (P = 0.007), microvascular invasion (P < 0.01), segment location of S2 (P = 0.001), S3 (P = 0.000), S4 (P = 0.004) and S6 (P = 0.016). Multivariate analysis shows potential significant predictors of PVTT in HCC were age (RR: 0.373; 95% CI: 0.146-0.954; P = 0.040), the tumor location of S3 (RR: 4.625; 95% CI: 1.916-11. 165;P = 0.001), GGT (RR: 4.091; 95% CI: 1.448-11.553; P = 0.008) and microvascular invasion (RR: 20.912; 95% CI: 4.745-92.172; P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PVTT occurred more commonly in the younger (< 50 years old), and those with high level of GGT, segment location of S3 and microvascular invasion.</p>

Inhibited proliferation and expression of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma line induced by celecoxib in vitro / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of celecoxib on the cell proliferation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>3-[ 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used to investigate the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to analyze the cell cycle arrest. Immunocytochemistry technique was to observe the expression of VEGF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Celecoxib inhibited the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma line, the cell number of G0/G1 phase increased from 62.13% to 91.35%, and the cell number of G2/M and S phase decreased from 21.59% to 3.56% and from 16.28% to 5.01%, respectively, cell cycle progression was arrested at G1/S phase. Celecoxib decreased the positive expression of VEGF in HNE-1 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Celecoxib inhibited the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma significantly and the expression of VEGF.</p>

Effects of budesonide on chronic airway inflammation in guinea pigs sensitized with repeated exposure to allergen / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) remains the first line controller medication for chronic airway inflammation in asthma till now. If the impact of allergen could not be eliminated, how would the improvement of airway inflammation be achieved with inhaled glucocorticosteroids therapy? What was its effect on airway remodeling? In this study, an animal model of asthma was established and the effects of budesonide on airway allergic inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in sensitized guinea pigs with repeated exposure to allergen were investigated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two male Hartley guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups with 8 in each group: (A) Group of repeated exposure to ovalbumin (OVA), (B) Group of repeated exposure to OVA plus budesonide (BUD) intervention, (C) Group of stopping repeated exposure to OVA plus stopping BUD intervention, (D) Control group. At 24 h after the last OVA challenge (8 weeks after the first OVA challenge), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from each animal. Total and differential leukocyte counts in BALF was performed on cell suspension smear stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) method. The upper lobe of right lung was removed and regularly fixed, then paraffin embedded lung tissues sections were prepared. The count of eosinophils infiltrated in the airway wall was performed on H&E stained lung tissue sections with LEICA Q500IW computerized image analysis system. Fibronectin and collagen type III (Col-III) deposited in the airway wall were detected by immunohistochemical staining on the paraffin embedded lung tissues sections. The intensity of positive reaction of fibronectin or Col-III deposited in the airway wall was analyzed with LEICA Q500IW computerized image analysis system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The count of eosinophils in BALF (x 10(5)/ml) of group A and B were higher than that of group C and D (35.70 +/- 25.22, 11.49 +/- 5.51 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.90, 1.02 +/- 0.78, P < 0.01), the difference between group A and B, group B and C was significant. The count of eosinophils infiltrated at each level of airway wall in group A and B were higher than that of group C and D (large airway: 6.95 +/- 2.28, 1.54 +/- 1.09 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.45, 0.88 +/- 0.25; medial airway: 9.22 +/- 3.89, 3.99 +/- 2.3 vs. 1.25 +/- 1.20, 0.64 +/- 0.36; small airway: 11.56 +/- 4.02, 2.67 +/- 1.15 vs. 1.32 +/- 0.83, 0.43 +/- 0.24, P < 0.01), the difference between group A and B, group B and C was significant. The gray values of fibronectin deposited in medial and small airway of group A and B were lower than those of group C and D (medial airway 122 +/- 22, 174 +/- 23 vs. 219 +/- 34, 229 +/- 20; small airway 135 +/- 29, 165 +/- 41 vs. 236 +/- 20, 220 +/- 16, P < 0.05), the difference between group A and B, group B and C was significant. The gray values of Col-III deposited in medial and small airway of group A and B were lower than those of group C and D (medial airway 153 +/- 21, 174 +/- 22 vs. 189 +/- 14, 200 +/- 18; small airway 133 +/- 23, 176 +/- 20 vs. 191 +/- 14, 198 +/- 20, P < 0.05), the difference between group A and B was significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inhaled budesonide could partially inhibit allergic inflammation and ECM deposition in airway wall in guinea pig chronic asthma model with repeated exposure to allergen. Early inhaled budesonide combined with avoidance of OVA exposure could completely inhibit allergic inflammation and ECM deposition. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect on airway allergic inflammation and airway remodeling of inhaled glucocorticosteroids would be limited when the allergen factor could not be avoided.</p>

Effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on expressions of VEGF and its receptor KDR in vitro / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To explore the effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, kinase-inserted domain containing receptor(KDR) and the possible mechanism. Methods　The expression of VEGF in human malignant glioma cell line SHG-44 and that of KDR in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line ECV-304 were observed 1～3 d after NDGA treatment with immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and image analysis. Results　The expression of VEGF was declined at protein or mRNA levels in SHG-44 cells after treated with 100 μmol/L NDGA for 1 to 3 d. The expression of KDR in endothelial cells with 100 μmol/L NDGA treatment for 1 to 3 d was decreased too, in a more obvious way compared with the decline of VEGF expression in SHG-44 cells. Conclusion　The results suggest that NDGA inhibits the expression of VEGF in glioma cells as well as that of VEGF receptor KDR in endothelial cells, which may be the important molecular mechanism of anti-angiogenesis of NDGA.

Significance of bcl-2 and c-myc gene expression in nordihydroguaiaretic acid-induced apoptosis of a human malignant glioma cell line / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate the changes and their significance of bcl-2 and c-myc in nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)-induced apoptosis of human malignant glioma cell line SHG-44. Methods　The apoptosis of SHG-44 cells was observed with light and electron microscopy and TUNEL method. The expression of bcl-2 and c-myc gene was measured with immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and image analysis. Results ① The SHG-44 cell apoptosis was induced by NDGA at a concentration lower than 200 μmol/L in a time-dependent manner. ② The expressions of bcl-2 and c-myc gene in SHG-44 cells were decreased after the treatment of 100 μmol/L NDGA with the elapse of time, indicating a close association with cell apoptosis. ③ The expressions of bcl-2 and c-myc mRNA in SHG-44 cells were decreased after the treatment with 100μmol/L NDGA, which was apparently consistent with the immunohistochemical results. Conclusion　The NDGA-induced apoptosis in human malignant glioma cells might be related with the down-regulated expressions of bcl-2 and c-myc gene. The exact mechanism needs further research.

Roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in nordihydroguaiaretic acid-induced inhibitory effect on proliferation of human malignant glioma cells / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)-induced inhibitory effect on proliferation of human malignant glioma cells. Methods　The techniques of cell culture, cell counts, flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry and image analysis were employed in this study. Results　①A concentration-dependent inhibition of proliferation was demonstrated in the SHG-44 cells incubated for 24 hours in the presence of NDGA, and cell proliferation was blocked in the G1→S phase. ②The activity of CDK4 was decreased apparently in the SHG-44 cells treated for 24 hours with 10 to 200 μmol/L NDGA in a concentration-dependent way. ③The expression of CDK4 gene was downregulated in the cells after NDGA treatment. Conclusion　CDK4 plays an important role in NDGA-induced inhibition of glioma cell proliferation.

Effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on expressions of VEGF and its receptor KDR in vitro / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To explore the effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, kinase-inserted domain containing receptor(KDR) and the possible mechanism. Methods　The expression of VEGF in human malignant glioma cell line SHG-44 and that of KDR in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line ECV-304 were observed 1～3 d after NDGA treatment with immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and image analysis. Results　The expression of VEGF was declined at protein or mRNA levels in SHG-44 cells after treated with 100 μmol/L NDGA for 1 to 3 d. The expression of KDR in endothelial cells with 100 μmol/L NDGA treatment for 1 to 3 d was decreased too, in a more obvious way compared with the decline of VEGF expression in SHG-44 cells. Conclusion　The results suggest that NDGA inhibits the expression of VEGF in glioma cells as well as that of VEGF receptor KDR in endothelial cells, which may be the important molecular mechanism of anti-angiogenesis of NDGA.

Significance of bcl-2 and c-myc gene expression in nordihydroguaiaretic acid-induced apoptosis of a human malignant glioma cell line / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate the changes and their significance of bcl-2 and c-myc in nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)-induced apoptosis of human malignant glioma cell line SHG-44. Methods　The apoptosis of SHG-44 cells was observed with light and electron microscopy and TUNEL method. The expression of bcl-2 and c-myc gene was measured with immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and image analysis. Results ① The SHG-44 cell apoptosis was induced by NDGA at a concentration lower than 200 μmol/L in a time-dependent manner. ② The expressions of bcl-2 and c-myc gene in SHG-44 cells were decreased after the treatment of 100 μmol/L NDGA with the elapse of time, indicating a close association with cell apoptosis. ③ The expressions of bcl-2 and c-myc mRNA in SHG-44 cells were decreased after the treatment with 100μmol/L NDGA, which was apparently consistent with the immunohistochemical results. Conclusion　The NDGA-induced apoptosis in human malignant glioma cells might be related with the down-regulated expressions of bcl-2 and c-myc gene. The exact mechanism needs further research.

Roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in nordihydroguaiaretic acid-induced inhibitory effect on proliferation of human malignant glioma cells / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)-induced inhibitory effect on proliferation of human malignant glioma cells. Methods　The techniques of cell culture, cell counts, flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry and image analysis were employed in this study. Results　①A concentration-dependent inhibition of proliferation was demonstrated in the SHG-44 cells incubated for 24 hours in the presence of NDGA, and cell proliferation was blocked in the G1→S phase. ②The activity of CDK4 was decreased apparently in the SHG-44 cells treated for 24 hours with 10 to 200 μmol/L NDGA in a concentration-dependent way. ③The expression of CDK4 gene was downregulated in the cells after NDGA treatment. Conclusion　CDK4 plays an important role in NDGA-induced inhibition of glioma cell proliferation.