Effect of Acorus tatarinowii Schott on the amino acid neurotransmitters in the striatum focal cerebral ischemia in rat / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the change of concentration of the amino acid neurotransmitters in the striatum focal cerebral ischemia in rat and the effect of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, one of inducing resuscitation drugs, for 4 of amino acid neurotransmitters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): control group, cerebral ischemia group, sham operation group and Acorns tatarinowii Schott treated group. Rats were established into models of cerebral ischemia by occluding bilateral thread cork method. Formation sampling were performed in a striatum area using microdialysis and the detection of biological sample including aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrochemical detector system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control, the all contents of 4 kinds of the amino acids were significantly increased during cerebral ischemia (P < 0.01). Compared with the cerebral ischemia group, the contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid that were excitatory amino acids were remarkably decreased in the striatum for Acorus tatarinowii Schott treated group (P < 0.01), It was no significant influence on gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine that belonged to inhibitory amino acid in a nascent condition but with a elevating in the later period of microdialysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acorus tatarinowii Schott can enter the cerebral parenchyma through blood brain barrier and cut down glutamic acid,aspartic acid increased during cerebral ischemia. As a result, the neurotoxicity attributed to the excitatory amino acid has been released in excessive amounts declined so as to avoid the secondary impairment of neurons caused by excitatory amino acids pernicious effects after ischemia. It may be one of the protective mechanism of drugs for inducing resuscitation resembling EAA receptor antagonists to ischemi brain.</p>

Efficacy and safety of micafungin for invasive candida infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Invasive fungal infections such as candidiasis and mold infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in seriously ill patients. Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent with potent activity against most species of Candida and Aspergillus. We did this meta-analysis to clarify whether micafungin offers superior efficacy and safety compared with other antifungal agent for treating infections associated with invasive candidiasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We did a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine whether micafungin has superior efficacy and safety compared with other antifungal agents recommended by the treatment guidelines for fungal infection. Seven trials involving 2913 patients were included in this analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Micafungin was associated with significantly better treatment success compared with the comparator antifungal agents (modified intention to treat, 2851 patients; random-effects model, OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.00 - 1.45, P = 0.0487). In addition, micafungin was more effective than the comparators for antifungal prophylaxis of neutropenic patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.08 - 2.00, P = 0.01). Although there was no significant difference between the compared regimens in terms of the incidence of adverse drug effects (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.77 - 1.11), fewer patients treated with micafungin withdrew from the studies because of adverse events (OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.44 - 0.94).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Micafungin has a good safety and tolerability profile, with an efficacy at least comparable to the other antifungal agents. Micafungin offers advantages over other agents for antifungal prophylaxis. Micafungin offers an appropriate alternative for antifungal prophylaxis rather than the treatment of invasive candida infections.</p>

Antibacterial Activity of Cefepime Combined with Sulbactam for Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the in vitro activity of cefepime combined with sulbactam against carbapenem-resistant strains of Acinetobacter spp clinically isolated. METHODS The activity of each drug alone was determined against 24 isolates. Chequerborad synergy testing was then performed against all the isolates. RESULTS The percentage of the FIC index showed 33.3% synergism, 62.5% additive, 4.2% (1/24) indifference, and no antagonism tively. CONCLUSIONS Testing of cefepime and sulbactam combinations revealed synergism and additivity activity against some carbapenem-resistant strains(23/24) of Acinetobacter spp which could be likely to prove beneficial effect for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter spp.

Analysis on Rational Use of Cephalosporins in 583 Cases of a Large General Hospital / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the rational use of antibiotics in a comprehensive general hospital.METHODS The clinical data of 583 cases used the five kinds of most frequently antibiotics during Nov 20-26,2006 in a comprehensive general hospital were collected and analyzed.RESULTS The total five kinds of most frequently antibiotics used in this hospital were the third generation of cephalosporins,cefoperazone/tazobactam(Kaisi),flomoxef(Fuomaning),cefoperazone/tazobactam(Kaishute),cefpiramide(Xibaiao) and cefoperazone/tazobactam(Xianbita).The daily frequency of these antibiotics was rational to the drug metabolic dynamics characteristics.Some patients received the long time therapy of antibiotic,the longest one was 22 days.The frequency of over-doses in these patients was 19.9%.CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics use is apparently rational in this hospital and the training and education for drug use should be enhanced in the future.

A study on the antibacterial activity of cefathiamidine combined with ciprofloxacin against Gram-positive cocci / 中国药理学通报

Aim: To study the in virto interaction of Cefathiamidine in combination with Ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: The activity of each drug alone was determined against all the isolates. Chequerborad synergy testing was then performed against all the isolates. Results: The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5, from 0.5 to 1, from 1 to 2, more than 2 was 53.3% - 93.3%, 6.7% - 46.7%, 0%, 0% respectively. Conclusion: Synergism and additivity of cefathiamidine combined with ciprofloxacin respectively against 90 strains of Gram positive cocci were the main inter actions, there were little autonomy and no antagonism.

Resistance Phenotype and Efflux Protein Gene Expression:Study of 51 Strains of Acinetobacter Baumannii / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the resistance phenotype of acinetobacter baumannii and the expression of ade efflux pump gene. METHODS: Non-repetitive 51 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected in Peking Union Medical Hospital between Feb. 2004 and Feb. 2005. The active efflux system adeB structural gene and sequence were identified by PCR. RESULTS: The tested strains were not susceptible to common broad-spectrum antibiotics. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carried adeB active efflux pump gene. CONCLUSION: The multiple-drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is independent of ?-lactamase. It maybe related to other drug resistance mechanism. The effect of active efflux system is possibly one of the major mechanisms of multidrug resistance of acinetobacter baumannii.

The study on antibacterial activity in vitro of Cefdinir and other four antimicrobial agents against pathogen from community respiratory tract infections / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Cefdinir compared with other four antimicrobial agents against common isolates in vitro.Methods Minimal lnhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined by agar dilution method Results Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) showed highest susceptibility to Cefdinir with 100% susceptible rate, Streptococcus pneumoniae (including PSSP and PISP) showed higher susceptibility to Cefdinir with 63 6% 100 0% susceptible rate Hemophilus influenza and Moraxelle catarrhalis both showed good susceptibility to three kinds of cephalosporins and Azithromycin Klebsiella pneumoniae (including ESBLs positive strains) were resistant to three kinds of cephalosporins, while ESBLs negative Klebsiella pneumoniae were sensitive to three kinds of cephalosporins, with 73 10%~88 50% susceptible rate Conclusion Compared with other four antimicrobial agents, Cefdinir has a powerful antibacterial activity to pathogen from respiratory tract infections

Transvaginal Measurements of Fetal Crown-Rump Length during the First Trimester after In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer in Korean Women / 대한산부인과학회잡지

The crown-rump length(CRL) remains the most accurate parameter used for gestational dating. We aimed to establish the early fetal growth with CRL range in Korean women. The CRL of 48 singleton pregnancies which resulted from in vitro fertilization and e mbryo transfer(IVF-ET) at SNUH were assessed two to six times in the first trimester by trans-vaginal ultrasonography. All women included in this study went on to deliver norma l infa-nts at 37 completed weeks or after weighing over 2.5 kg. And we also studied the r elationship between CRL(in millimeters) and gestational age(in days), and found that the fo llowing second-order polynomial might be applied either to expect CRL using the menstr ual gestational age, or to estimate gestational age using measured CRL(r2=0.980, p=0.000 1). CRL=0.0175(GA)2-1.049(GA)+19.17 GA=7.5593(CRL-3.45)1/2+29.97 Finally we compared our data with some of published articles which assessed CRL in spontaneous and induced pregnancies. In conclusion, this study establish the early fetal growth with CRL range in Korean women on the basis of exact ovulation timing using high resolution transvaginal ultrasonography. And these data will be of great use in the evaluation of fetal growth in the first trimester.

A study on the antibacterial activity of cefathiamidine combined with ciprofloxacin against Gram-positive cocci / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the in virto interaction o f Cefathiamidine in combination with Ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis. Methods The activity of each drug alone was determined against all the isolates. Chequerborad synergy testing was then performed against all the isolat es. Results The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5, from 0.5 t o 1,from 1 to 2,more than 2 was 53.3%～93.3%,6.7%～46.7%,0%,0% respectiv ely. Conclusion Synergism and additivity of cefathiamidine comb ined with ciprofloxacin respectively against 90 strains of Gram positive cocci w ere the main inter actions, there were little autonomy and no antagonism.