[Relationship between crown forms and periodontium biotype]

Periodontium biotype has many variations among different people. It has been suggested that the variation in the periodontium biotype may be related to the shape and form of the crowns of the teeth. The aim of this investigation was to examine the forms of the crowns in the maxillary anterior segment and corresponding gingival characteristics among healthy young Iranian subjects. For this cross-sectional study 200 individual [100 male and 100 female] with average age of 26.5 +/- 7.29 with healthy periodontium were chosen from dental students. The gingival angle, height of interdental papilla, crown width and crown height of maxillary anterior teeth were measured by a digital caliper on a diagnostic stone cast. Also marginal gingiva's thickness, probing depth and width of keratinized gingival was assessed clinically by a William's probe on each individual. Binary logistic regression method was used for statistical analysis. In central teeth [11-21] gingival thickness had a significant correlation with amount of keratinized gingiva and probing depth. In lateral teeth [12-22] gingival thickness had significant correlation with amount of keratinized gingiva, probing depth and crown width. In canine teeth [13-23] gingival thickness had significant correlation with amount of keratinized gingiva, probing depth, crown's height, papilla's height and gingival angle. There was no statistical relation between crown's form and gingival thickness. Based on the findings, crown form had no relation with the gingival thickness but in each type of tooth gingival thickness was related to different factors

[Comparison of salivary alkaline phosphatase in periodontitis patients and healthy subjects]

Periodontitis is a chronic multi factorial infectious disease, characterized by the irreversible destruction of collagen fibers and other matrix constituents of the gingival tissues, periodontal ligament and resorption of alveolar bone around the teeth with the formation of periodontal pocket. Host response to periodontal disease include the production of different enzymes that are released by stromal, epithelial or inflammatory cells associated with cell injury and cell death. The aim of this study was comparison of Salivary alkaline phosphatase enzyme in mild and moderate to severe periodontitis patients and healthy subjects with normal periodontium. In this experimental study, unstimulated saliva of 20 patients with mild periodontitis, 20 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, and 20 subjects with healthy periodontium were collected. The mean levels of alkaline phosphatase salivary enzymes were measured by kinetic system, finally, data were analyzed by ANOVA and TUKEY tests. Mean level of Alkaline phosphatase salivary enzyme in healthy gingival group was 9.25 +/- 4.3, in mild periodontitis group was 21.3 +/- 7.6 and in moderate to severe periodontitis group was 33. 75 +/- 11. 9 and there was significant differences between three groups [P<0.05]. The results of this study showed that the mean level of Alkaline phosphatase salivary enzymes in periodontally patients was greater than healthy subjects and these enzymes can be good markers for determining amount of destruction of periodontal tissues

Relationship between triglyceride and cholesterol levels and periodontal status

Recently some evidence has been presented that periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The hypothesis of this study is that periodontitis may be associated with elevated blood lipid levels, a known risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. The levels of plasma lipids was measured in 40 subjects with chronic periodontitis [CP] and compared with those obtained in 40 controls. Periodontal variables included: Plaque Index [PLI], Probing Pocket Depth [PPD], Clinical Attachment Level [CAL] and Bleeding On Probing [BOP]. Laboratory tests included: total cholestrol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL. Statistical tests used were Kolmogorov -Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman's rank correlation, Exact fisher and Independent Samples Student t-test. The level of statistical significance was established at P

[ comparison of fasting blood sugar of non-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis and non-diabetics without periodontal disease]

Background: there are several systemic disorders which have adverse effects on periodontal tissue, such as diabetes. Previous studies of non-diabetic patients have demonstrated higher levels of fasting blood sugar [FBS] among those with periodontitis compared to those without periodontitis. In an attempt to clarify whether periodontal diseases incline the patients to a pre-diabetic state or not, we studied the FBS level of non-diabetics with periodontitis and compared the results with those who had no periodontal involvement

Materials and methods: eighty non-diabetics who referred to the outpatient clinics of dentistry faculty, Azad University, Tehran, during 2003 were evaluated in this case control study. 40 patients with periodontitis constituted the cases, and 40 without any periodontal disease made up the control group. Plaque index, bleeding on probing [BOP], probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were measured and recorded. FBS was determined for both groups and its levels higher than 126 indicated diabetes, while levels between 110 and 126 were considered as pre-diabetic state. Both descriptive and analytic analyses were applied. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant

Results: spearman correlation test results indicate a direct relation between FBS and BOP in the control group [r = 0.382, p = 0.015]

Conclusions: our results are in agreement with previous studies in demonstrating the increase in blood glucose levels associated with periodontal tissue inflammation in the chronic periodontitis patients

[Evaluation of periodontal parameters in postmenopausal women]

It has been suggested that osteoporosis may be a predisposing factor for periodontitis and tissue destruction, thus periodontitis and mandibular bone density might be related. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical signs of periodontal tissue destruction in postmenopausal women. In this cross-sectional study, 60 postmenopausal women [51 to 78 years of age] underwent radiographic examination of the right mandibular premolar. Mandibular bone density [MBD] was measured using optical densitometry. Periodontal status variables examined included: probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], bleeding on probing [BOP] and plaque index [PLI]. Data were analyzed by statistical tests using P<0.05 as the limit of significance. This study found no statistically significant association between the four indicators of periodontal disease and mandibular bone density, but there was statistically significant association between mandibular bone density and the number of remaining teeth. There was also statistically significant association between PPD and the number of remaining teeth. These findings suggest that individuals with high MBD seem to retain teeth with deep periodontal pockets more easily than those with lower MBD