Patterns of pulmonary morphological lesions seen at autopsy

Chronic respiratory diseases are a group of chronic diseases affecting the airways and the other structures of the lungs. Hundreds of millions of people around the world suffer from preventable chronic respiratory diseases. Prompt investigation and diagnosis are essential to improving patient survival. The objective of this study was to observe the frequencies of different lung diseases on the basis of histopathological examination of lung tissue specimens removed at autopsy. This study was a non-interventional, cross - sectional and was conducted on 810 specimens of lungs at Pathology department of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore in collaboration with the Forensic Medicine department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Relevant autopsy data was recorded in a proforma. The tissue specimens were fixed and processed. Paraffin sectioning was done followed by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. The sections were then examined by a panel of consultant Histopathologists. Autopsies of 810 subjects with respiratory diseases were reviewed, and the following data were obtained: age, sex and cause of death. During a period of one year, a total of 810 lungs and hilar lymph nodes specimens from autopsy subjects were studied. Maximum numbers of cases [68.14%] were in 20 - 49 years age group. The commonest cause of death [42.96%] was tuberculosis. On microscopic examination of the sections from the lungs, there were 348 cases of tuberculosis, 324 out of 810 [40%] cases of emphysema and silicosis was present in 89 [11%] cases. Squamous metaplasia was present in 49 [6%] and Pneumonia in 4% cases. Advances in diagnostic technology have not reduced the value of autopsy and a goal directed autopsy remains a vital component for the study and evaluation of the disease process. Emphysema and tuberculosis are quite common in our population

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis: a case report and review of the literature

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis [DPL] is a very rare condition. It occurs in females of reproductive age, initiated or promoted by hormonal factors. During operation, it may appear as metastases. This entity should be kept in mind whenever multiple peritoneal nodules are encountered especially in young pregnant females. Here, we present a case report of a 30 year old woman with DPL found incidentally during caesarean section

Pilomatricoma - study on 27 cases and review of literature

The purpose of this study was to report the clinicopathological spectrum of Pilomatricoma, an uncommon benign tumour of hair matrix. The study is a retrospective review of 27 cases of pilomatricoma reported in a private Laboratory of Lahore from 2006-2008. The clinical data of the patients was obtained from their respective files. Age range of the patients was from 8-76 years. Maximum number of cases was observed in the second decade. Female to male ratio was 2:1. The size of the tumour ranged from 4-90 mm in diameter. The most common site for the occurrence of pilomatricoma was head and neck followed by upper extremities. Majority of the specimens were submitted as unspecified lumps. Other provisional diagnoses included enlarged cervical lymph nodes, sebaceous cysts, tuberculoma, haemangioma, keloid and granulation tissue. All the patients presented with solitary lump. Preoperative diagnosis of pilomatricoma is most often confused clinically with other skin diseases due to its wide variety of clinical characteristics. Careful clinical examination would result in a more accurate diagnosis; however, definite diagnosis is only possible after microscopy of the lesion

Significance of grade in relation to oestrogen receptor status and Ki-67 proliferative index in cancer breast

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between oestrogeu receptor [ER] status and Ki-67 proliferation index in relation to age of the patients, grade, size of tumours and lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the breast in a local population. It is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study was conducted during a period of 12 months in the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. A total of 100 cases of carcinoma of the breast were collected and immunohistochemistry was carried out on all the tumours. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 16. A significant inverse correlation between ER and grade of tumours was observed with a p-value being < 0.005 and r value of -0.281. As a conclusion it was found that ER and grade of tumours had significant inverse correlation, whereas there was no significant correlation between Ki-67 proliferative index and grade of tumours. It was also concluded that there was no significance of age of the patients, tumour size and lymph node involvement

Role of biopsy in pediatric lymphadenopathy

To determine the role of lymph node biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy and to find out the pattern of different diseases in relation to age, gender, and the site of lymph nodes involved. This retrospective study was carried out at the Histopathology Department of the Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan, over a period of 9 years, from January 1999 to December 2007. Tissue samples were collected from 898 children presenting with lymphadenopathy, and the diagnosis was confirmed on histology and through various specific tests. The clinical data of the patients were collected from computerized hospital records. Among the total 898 consecutive lymph node biopsies, the most common pathology encountered was reactive hyperplasia in 356 children [39.6%], followed by tuberculosis in 262 [29.1%] and malignant lymphomas in 132 children [14.6%]. The rest of the lesions include; 72 cases of granulomatous lymphadenitis [8%], 13 of histiocytosis X [1.4%], 44 [4.9%] of metastatic tumors, 16 of chronic inflammation [1.8%], and 3 cases of Kikuchi's disease [0.3%]. The cause of lymphadenopathy was found to be significantly associated with age, gender, and site of the lymph nodes involved. Lymphadenopathy is a relatively common condition in the pediatric age group. Although 39.6% of children had reactive hyperplasia of unknown etiology, 60.3% children presented with a specific diagnosis