[Effect of simvastatin on healing of experimental femoral cortical bone defect in rats]

Rebuilding and renovation of lost bone whether because of physiologic or pathologic factors was one of the surgeons' motivations from the past. Statins are commonly prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs; however, it has recently been shown that they also have the beneficial side effect of enhancing bone matrix formation. As a result, this study evaluates the possible osteogenic effect of Simvastatin on the experimental femoral defect in rats. This experimental study was conducted on 30 male SD rats. Animals were divided randomly into 3 groups [control and experimental]. After induction of general anesthesia, a 2mm hole was made using a dental bit in the width of the femur reaching the medullary channel. After surgery, the control group received orally physiological serum daily and experimental groups 1 and 2 respectively received daily 10 and 20 mg/kg/PO of Simvastatin. Histopathological and histomorphometrical studies for evaluation of bone healing were carried out in experimental rats, which were euthanized after 45 days of the experiment using hematoxylin-eosin [H and E] staining method. For data analysis ANOVA and Tukey tests along with SPSS version 18 was used. In control group, defect seemed to be filled with woven bone and bone marrow spaces in spite of a poor osteogenic activity. In experiment groups, young bone trabeculae had increased in number and were more organized. Histomorphometric results observed that Simvastatin has significant effect on bone healing in experimental groups 2 and 3 than control group, but no significant effect was observed between groups that received low and high dosage of simvastatin

[Histopathological and histomorphometrical effects of atorvastatin on experimental femoral cortical bone defect healing in rats]

Bone remodeling has always been the goal of surgeons for a long time. Recently, it was shown that statins that are commonly prescribed for lowering cholesterol also have beneficial effects on bone healing. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the probable effects of atorvastatin on osteogenesis in the rat femur. This experimental study was conducted on 30 male Sprague-Dawley [SD] rats. The animals were divided randomly into one control and two experiment groups. After induction of anesthesia, a hole of 2 mm in diameter was made in femur width. The control group received physiological serum but the experiment groups one and two, respectively, received 10 and 20 mg/kg/PO of atorvastatin on daily basis. After euthanizing the rats, histopathological and histomorphometrical evaluations of the bones were performed 45 days after the intervention. In the control group, the defects seemed to be filled with woven bone and bone marrow, depictive of a poor osteogenic activity. In the experiment groups, many osteoblast groupings and young bone trabeculae had been formed and bone trabeculae were more organized. Histomorphometric results, showed that atorvastatin had significantly promoted bone healing in the experiment groups compared with the controls [P<0.001]. Moreover, the analysis showed that atorvastatin had more significant effects in group three receiving high doses of the medication in comparison with group two [P<0.001]. The findings of this study showed that atorvastatin is capable of stimulating osteogenesis in rats

[Effects of losartan on renal function and deterioration after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rat]

It is widely recognized that losartan, as an angiotensin receptor [AT1] antagonist, has organ protective nature and effective activity organ damage progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of losartan on renal function amelioration after unilateral ureteral obstruction of rat. In this experimantal study, 50 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction [UUO] of left kidney and randomly divided into five groups [ten rats in each group] as follows: [1] control group; [2] UUO; [3] UUO/LOS; [4] Sham-operated; [5] Sham/LOS. Control animals received orally drug solvent by gavage for 15 days. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed on groups 2 and 3 and sham, the operation was performed in groups 4 and 5. The group 2, received solvent drug and group 3 received losartan [60 mg/kg] for 15 days. Blood samples were collected at day 0, 3, 7 and 14 after UUO for evaluation of serum creatinine, urea and cholesterol levels. Rats were sacrificed at day 14 for histopathological evaluation of left kidney with H and E technique. Data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics. Serum creatinine, urea and cholesterol levels significantly increased in UUO group at days 7 and 14 after operation compared with control group [p<0.05]. But serum levels of creatinine, urea and cholesterol significantly decreased [p<0.05]. Unlike losaratan treated animals, histopathologic evaluation showed more renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular epithelial necrosis, hemorrhage, interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells, tubular atrophy, glumerular tufts expanding, periglomerular sclerosis, subcapsular fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and peritubular capillaries edema in UUO groups. There were no significant differences between control and sham groups. This study showed the ureteral obstructions lead severe renal tissue deterioration and dysfunction, but losartan may reverse renal tissue damage