Identification of the target site of antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 against Candida albicans / 生物工程学报

Candida albicans is one of the major causes of invasive fungal infections and a serious opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. The antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 has prominent anti-Candida activity, and proteomic analysis revealed significant differences in the expression of cell wall (XOG1) and oxidative stress (SRR1) genes upon the action of AMP-17 on C. albicans, suggesting that AMP-17 may exert anti-C. albicans effects by affecting the expression of XOG1 and SRR1 genes. To further investigate whether XOG1 and SRR1 genes were the targets of AMP-17, C. albicans xog1Δ/Δ and srr1Δ/Δ mutants were constructed using the clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Phenotypic observations revealed that deletion of two genes had no significant effect on C. albicans growth and biofilm formation, whereas XOG1 gene deletion affected in vitro stress response and mycelium formation of C. albicans. Drug sensitivity assay showed that the MIC80 values of AMP-17 against xog1Δ/Δ and srr1Δ/Δ mutants increased from 8 μg/mL (for the wild type C. albicans SC5314) to 16 μg/mL, while the MIC80 values against srr1Δ/Δ: : srr1 revertants decreased to the level of the wild type SC5314. In addition, the ability of AMP-17 to inhibit biofilm formation of both deletion strains was significantly reduced compared to that of wild type SC5314, indicating that the susceptibility of the deletion mutants to AMP-17 was reduced in both the yeast state and during biofilm formation. These results suggest that XOG1 and SRR1 genes are likely two of the potential targets for AMP-17 to exert anti-C. albicans effects, which may facilitate further exploration of the antibacterial mechanism of novel peptide antifungal drugs.

Mechanism of bilobalide promoting neuroprotection of macrophages / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effect of bilobalide(BB) and the mechanisms such as inhibiting inflammatory response in macrophage/microglia, promoting neurotrophic factor secretion, and interfering with the activation and differentiation of peripheral CD4~+ T cells. BB of different concentration(12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg·mL~(-1)) was used to treat the RAW264.7 and BV2 cells for 24 h. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) were employed to detect the cytotoxicity of BB and appropriate concentration was selected for further experiment. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was applied to elicit inflammation in RAW264.7 and BV2 cells, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs), and primary microglia, respectively. The effect of BB on cell proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Spleen monocytes of C57BL/6 female mice(7-8 weeks old) were isolated, and CD4~+ T cells were separated by magnetic beads under sterile conditions. Th17 cells were induced by CD3/CD28 and the conditioned medium for eliciting the inflammation in BMDMs. The content of IL-17 cytokines in the supernatant was detected by ELISA to determine the effect on the activation and differentiation of CD4~+ T cells. In addition, PC12 cells were incubated with the conditioned medium for eliciting inflammation in BMDMs and primary microglia and the count and morphology of cells were observed. The cytoto-xicity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) assay. The result showed that BB with the concentration of 12.5-100 μg·mL~(-1) had no toxicity to RAW264.7 and BV2 cells, and had no significant effect on the activity of cell model with low inflammation. The 50 μg·mL~(-1) BB was selected for further experiment, and the results indicated that BB inhibited LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The experiment on CD4~+ T cells showed that the conditioned medium for LPS-induced inflammation in BMDMs promoted the activation and differentiation of CD4~+ T cells, while the conditioned medium of the experimental group with BB intervention reduced the activation and differentiation of CD4~+ T cells. In addition, BB also enhanced the release of neurotrophic factors from BMDMs and primary microglia. The conditioned medium after BB intervention can significantly reduce the death of PC12 neurons, inhibit neuronal damage, and protect neurons. To sum up, BB plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting macrophage and microglia-mediated inflammatory response and promoting neurotrophic factors.

Clinical value of neonatal transport team participating in the management of twin neonates before transport / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To investigate and analyze the necessity and clinical significance of professional neonatal transport team participating in post-natal resuscitation, management and transport of twin neonates after birth.Methods:A total of 298 cases of twin neonates admitted to the Department of Neonatology at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected.According to whether the neonatal transport team participated in birth resuscitation and management, they were divided into participation group ( n=136) and case group ( n=162). The resuscitation measures taken after birth, Apgar score, respiratory support during transport, basic information at admission, the first arterial blood gas after admission, complications during hospitalization, length of stay and outcome of the two groups of twins were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Compared with twins in case group, the proportion of tracheal intubation before transport was significantly higher in participation group(5.88% vs.0.62%, χ2=6.997, P=0.013), hospital admissions were significantly shorter[48(7, 115) min vs.87(47, 425) min, Z=-11.593, P<0.001], and significantly lower rates of hypoxia on admission(9.56% vs.17.90%, χ2=4.250, P=0.039), significantly higher percutaneous oxygen saturation[96(86, 100)% vs.95(85, 100)%, Z=-7.274, P<0.001], and higher blood-gas-oxygen partial pressure on admission[(91.02±25.77)mmHg vs.(87.82±25.23)mmHg, t=1.076, P=0.008] were found.The incidence of hypothermia on admission was significantly lower(36.03% vs.47.53%, χ2=4.008, P=0.045), and the differences between two groups were statistically significant( P<0.05). The proportion of critically ill neonates(40.44% vs.24.07%, χ2=9.172, P=0.002), length of hospital-stay[11(4, 76)d vs.9(3, 72) d, Z=-2.684, P=0.014] as well as the intravenous nutrition time[7(0, 42)d vs.5(0, 40) d, Z=-2.470, P=0.014] in participaton group were significantly higher than those in case group, and there were statistically significant differences between two groups( P<0.05). Conclusion:Professional neonatal transport teams play a positive role in neonatal resuscitation and later hospitalization during the pre-transport management of twin neonates.It can improve success rate of tracheal intubation in asphyxia resuscitation of twin neonates.Neonatal transport to the NICU for management takes less time, reducing the incidence of hypoxemia during transport, hypoxia status and hypothermia after admission.Obstetric pediatric medical staff in midwifery hospitals should strengthen the professional training of neonatal asphyxiation resuscitation, improve the skill of neonatal asphyxiation resuscitation and tracheal intubation, and strengthen the post-birth care for twin neonates.

A randomized controlled study of less invasive surfactant administration of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of less invasive surfactant administration(LISA) of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods:From July 2017 to December 2018, 50 premature infants with birth weight ≤1 500 g and/or gestational age≤32 weeks diagnosed as NRDS at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were randomly divided into LISA group( n=25)and INSURE group( n=25). The patients in LISA group was inserted fine duct into the trachea through direct laryngoscope under nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and pulmonary surfactant was injected.The INSURE group adopts endotracheal intubation-pulmonary surfactant-nCPAP was performed after unplugging.The changes of vital signs, blood gas indexes, adverse reactions and the incidence of complications were compared between two groups at different time points. Results:There was no significant difference in respiration, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and PaO 2, PaCO 2, BE, SpO 2 between two groups at different administration time points.Although the pH value of LISA group was lower than that of INSURE group, it was within the normal range.There was no significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leucomalacia and other complications between two groups, and there was no death, air leakage, retinopathy of prematurity and pulmonary hemorrhage in both two groups.In addition, there was no significant difference in hospitalization days, total medical expenses, oxygen use time between the two groups(all P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with INSURE technology, LISA technology has its feasibility for premature infants with NRDS, but the effectiveness and safety in the practical application need to be further confirmed.

Infestation and Related Ecology of Chigger Mites on the Asian House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) in Yunnan Province, Southwest China

This paper is to illustrate the infestation and related ecological characteristics of chigger mites on the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi). A total of 17,221 chigger mites were collected from 2,761 R. tanezumi rats, and then identified as 131 species and 19 genera in 2 families. Leptotrombidium deliense, the most powerful vector of scrub typhus in China, was the first major dominant species on R. tanezumi. All the dominant mite species were of an aggregated distribution among different individuals of R. tanezumi. The species composition and infestations of chiggers on R. tanezumi varied along different geographical regions, habitats and altitudes. The species-abundance distribution of the chigger mite community was successfully fitted and the theoretical curve equation was Ŝ (R)=37e–(0.28R)2. The total chigger species on R. tanezumi were estimated to be 199 species or 234 species, and this further suggested that R. tanezumi has a great potential to harbor abundant species of chigger mites. The results of the species-plot relationship indicated that the chigger mite community on R. tanezumi in Yunnan was an uneven community with very high heterogeneity. Wide geographical regions with large host samples are recommended in the investigations of chigger mites.

A Report of Chigger Mites on the Striped Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in Southwest China

Based on the field investigations in 91 investigation sites (counties) in southwest China between 2001 and 2019, the present paper reported the chigger mites on A. agrarius mice in southwest China for the first time by using a series of statistical methods. From 715 striped field mice captured in 28 of 91 investigated sites, only 255 chiggers were collected, and they were identified as 14 species, 6 genera in 3 subfamilies under 2 families. Of 715 A. agrarius mice, only 24 of them were infested with chigger mites with low overall prevalence (PM=3.4%), overall mean abundance (MA=0.36 mites/host) and overall mean intensity (MI=10.63 mites/host). The species diversity and infestation of chiggers on A. agrarius were much lower than those previously reported on some other rodents in southwest China. On a certain species of rodent, A. agrarius mouse in southwest China seems to have a very low susceptibility to chigger infestations than in other geographical regions. Of 14 chigger species, there were 3 dominant species, Leptotrombidium sialkotense, L. rupestre and Schoengastiella novoconfuciana, which were of aggregated distribution among different individuals of A. agrarius hosts. L. sialkotense, one of 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China, was the first dominant on A. agrarius. The species similarity of chigger mites on male and female hosts was low with CSS=0.25, and this reflects the sex-bias of different genders of A. agrarius mice in harboring different chigger species.

Research Advances of Leptotrombidium scutellare in China

Leptotrombidium scutellare is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. It has been found in more than 15 provinces of China. Especially in Yunnan, it was found to be mainly distributed in some mountainous areas with high altitude, low temperature and low precipitation. Rodents and some other small mammals were the most common hosts of L. scutellare. To date, more than 40 host species of L. scutellare have been recorded with very low host specificity, and the main hosts varied in different geographical regions. L. scutellare had a strong resistance against the cold environment, and the temperature and humidity were 2 important factors affecting its growth and development. Among different individuals of their rodent hosts, L. scutellare mites often showed an aggregated distribution pattern, which reflected the interspecific cooperation of the mites. The chromosome karyotype of L. scutellare was 2n=16 and all the 8 pairs of chromosomes were short rod-shaped with metacentric or sub-metacentric types. The isozyme spectrum supported that L. scutellare, L. deliense and L. rubellum were in the same species group. Based on the natural infection, experimental transmission and epidemiological evidence, L. scutellare has been eventually confirmed as the second major vector of scrub typhus in China, which is second only to L. deliense.

Clinical Efficacy of High Dose Methotrexate, Temozolomide and Rituximab in the Treatment of Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of high dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), temozolomide (TMZ), and rituximab (R) in the treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of patients with PCNSL diagnosed and treated in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from February 2010 to May 2017 were collected. First, patients were given 6-8 cycles of MTX (3.5 g/m@*RESULTS@#There were 42 patients enrolled in the study, 17 cases in HD-MTX+TMZ group and 25 cases in HD-MTX+TMZ+R group. The median PFS and OS times in HD-MTX+TMZ+R group were 56.7 months and N/A, respectively, while, 7.3 months and 34.7 months in HD-MTX+TMZ group, respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in median survival between patients who received TMZ maintenance therapy and those who were only actively monitored. During the induction period, all the patients had grade 1-2 nausea and vomiting, while in the consolidation treatment period, no grade 3/4 toxicity was observed.@*CONCLUSION@#The combination of HD-MTX+TMZ+R in the treatment of PCNSL patients shows a definite short-term effect, which can increase the survival rate of the patients. The side effects are mild, and the patients can generally tolerate.

Infestation and Related Ecology of Chigger Mites on the Asian House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) in Yunnan Province, Southwest China

This paper is to illustrate the infestation and related ecological characteristics of chigger mites on the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi). A total of 17,221 chigger mites were collected from 2,761 R. tanezumi rats, and then identified as 131 species and 19 genera in 2 families. Leptotrombidium deliense, the most powerful vector of scrub typhus in China, was the first major dominant species on R. tanezumi. All the dominant mite species were of an aggregated distribution among different individuals of R. tanezumi. The species composition and infestations of chiggers on R. tanezumi varied along different geographical regions, habitats and altitudes. The species-abundance distribution of the chigger mite community was successfully fitted and the theoretical curve equation was Ŝ (R)=37e–(0.28R)2. The total chigger species on R. tanezumi were estimated to be 199 species or 234 species, and this further suggested that R. tanezumi has a great potential to harbor abundant species of chigger mites. The results of the species-plot relationship indicated that the chigger mite community on R. tanezumi in Yunnan was an uneven community with very high heterogeneity. Wide geographical regions with large host samples are recommended in the investigations of chigger mites.

A multicenter survey of short-term respiratory morbidity in late-preterm infants in Beijing / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To study the respiratory morbidity and the risk factors of respiratory complications in late-preterm infants.Methods:The data of 959 late-preterm infants in 21 hospitals in Beijing from October 2015 to April 2016 were collected.These infants were divided into the respiratory morbidity group (237 cases) and the control group (722 cases) according to whether they had short-term respiratory morbidity after birth.Clinical data of the two groups were compared.Results:Among the 959 late-preterm babies, 530 were male and 429 were female.Two hundred and thirty-seven cases (24.7%) developed short-term respiratory morbidity after birth.Infectious pneumonia developed in the most cases (81 cases, 8.4%), followed by transient tachypnea (65 cases, 6.8%), amniotic fluid aspiration (51 cases, 5.3%), and respiratory distress syndrome (24 cases, 2.5%) successively.All the infants recovered and discharged.There were no differences between gender and maternal age between 2 groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, more late-preterm infants were delivered by cesarean section (73.4% vs.59.7%, χ2=14.43, P<0.001) and the 1-minute Apgar score was lower [(9.41±1.66) scores vs.(9.83±0.53) scores, t=5.40, P<0.001] in the respiratory morbidity group.The differences were statistically significant.There were more cases with maternal complications in the respiratory morbidity group that in the control group (66.7% vs.58.6%, χ2=4.877, P=0.027), but no difference in various complications between 2 groups was observed ( P>0.05). In the respiratory morbidity group, the most frequent complications were maternal hypertension and preeclampsia (27.8% vs.22.6%, χ2=2.728, P=0.099). There were no differences between 2 groups in gestational age, birth weight and birth length (all P>0.05). There were more infants small for gestational age and large for gestational age in the respiratory morbidity group than in the control group (18.8% vs.14.1%, 6.3% vs.2.4%, χ2=8.960, P=0.011). The duration of hospitalization of the respiratory morbidity group was significantly longer than that of the control group [(9.00±4.42) d vs.(6.82±4.19) d, t=6.676, P<0.001] since the infants with respiratory morbidity needed to be hospita-lized. Conclusions:Respiratory diseases occur in about 1/4 of late-preterm infants.Infants who are delivered by cesarean section and whose mothers are complicated with the maternal hypertension and preeclampsia should be monitored closely.Respiratory support should be provided for infants not appropriate for gestational age who are more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases, so that they can successfully pass through the transition period.

Value of lung ultrasound in diagnosis of transient tachypnea of newborn: a Meta-analysis / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To evaluate the value of lung ultrasound in diagnosis of transient tachypnea in newborns.Methods:Chinese and English literature search regarding lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn were retrieved in the PubMed Database, Embase Database, Springer, Cochrane library, Wanfang Database and CNKI from inception to August 2018.The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies(QUADAS-2) tool was used to assess the quality of studies.The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio(PLR), negative likelihood ratio(NLR), and diagnostic odds radio(DOR) were calculated by Meta-Disc 1.4 software, and SROC curve was drawed.Results:A total of eight articles (five in English and three in Chinese) involving 1 582 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed heterogeneity among studies, and random effect model was used.The pooled sensitivity was 0.70 (95% CI was 0.66~0.74), the pooled specificity was 0.96 (95% CI was 0.94~0.97), PLR was 18.71 (95% CI 8.41~41.63), NLR was 0.12 (95% CI was 0.05~0.29), DOR was 279.96 (95% CI was 48.86~1 604.22), area under SROC(AUC) was 0.99, and Cochran-Q was 0.95, respectively. Conclusion:Pulmonary ultrasound has a preferable value for diagnosis of transient tachypnea in newborns.

Relative Abundance of a Vector of Scrub Typhus, Leptotrombidium sialkotense, in Southern Yunnan Province, China

The chigger mite Leptotrombidium sialkotense is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. Before present study, L. sialkotense was found in some parts of Hunan province, China with a narrow geographical distribution. During field investigation 2016-2017, we found L. sialkotense in Jingha, southern Yunnan, China. Of 15 small mammal host species, L. sialkotense were collected from 6 species of the hosts. Rattus brunneusculus was a dominant host of L. sialkotense, from which 98.3% of the mites were collected. The chigger mite showed a relatively high infestation prevalence (PM=11.7%) and mean abundance (MA=0.5) in comparison with the rest 5 host species. These results reveal a certain host specificity of L. sialkotense to a rat R. brunneusculus. The mite L. sialkotense showed an aggregated distribution on the host (P<0.05). A positive correlation observed between L. sialkotense and the body length of hosts. There was a positive interspecific association between L. sialkotense and 2 other dominant vectors, L. deliense and L. scutellare.

Effect of breastfeeding on the development of infection-related diseases during hospitalization in late preterm infants in 25 hospitals in Beijing, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the incidence rate of infectious diseases during hospitalization in late preterm infants in Beijing, China, as well as the risk factors for infectious diseases and the effect of breastfeeding on the development of infectious diseases.@*METHODS@#Related data were collected from the late preterm infants who were hospitalized in the neonatal wards of 25 hospitals in Beijing, China, from October 23, 2015 to October 30, 2017. According to the feeding pattern, they were divided into a breastfeeding group and a formula feeding group. The two groups were compared in terms of general status and incidence rate of infectious diseases. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for infectious diseases.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1 576 late preterm infants were enrolled, with 153 infants in the breastfeeding group and 1 423 in the formula feeding group. Of all infants, 484 (30.71%) experienced infectious diseases. The breastfeeding group had a significantly lower incidence rate of infectious diseases than the formula feeding group (22.88% vs 31.55%, @*CONCLUSIONS@#Breastfeeding can significantly reduce the incidence of infectious diseases and is a protective factor against infectious diseases in late preterm infants. Breastfeeding should therefore be actively promoted for late preterm infants during hospitalization.

Syndrome Differentiation of Chinese Medicine in Mars 500 Long-Term Closed Environment / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize and elucidate the characteristics and evolvement of Chinese medicine (CM) patterns reflecting the physical and mental conditions of participants in the Mars 500 long-term closed environment.@*METHODS@#The DS01-T Digital TCM Four-Diagnostic Instrument and CM Inquiring Diagnostic Questionnaire were used to collect information from 6 participants in the Mars 500 International Joint Research Project, through diagnostic methods of observation, palpation and inquiry according to CM theory. During the 520 days of the experiment, data collection was performed 37 times; a total of over 400 digital images of tongues and facial complexion and over 20,000 data were collected. These data were then analyzed by a team of experts in CM, statistics, and data mining.@*RESULTS@#The CM pattern evolvement of participants in the long-term closed environment followed some common trends. Qi deficiency was the main CM pattern observed, with individual features depending on constitutional differences [manifested in varying degrees of accompanying patterns of Gan (Liver) qi stagnation, Pi (Spleen) deficiency, dampness encumbering, or yin deficiency].@*CONCLUSION@#The research has verified the effectiveness of CM syndrome differentiation based on the four diagnostic methods, which should serve as a solid foundation for observation, monitoring, and intervention in regard to the health conditions of astronauts in long-term space flights in the future.

Potential Strategies in the Prevention of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs-Associated Adverse Effects in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

With the increasing use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the incidence of lower gastrointestinal (GI) complications is expected to increase. However, unlike upper GI complications, the burden, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of NSAID-associated lower GI complications remain unclear. To date, no cost-effective and safe protective agent has been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID-related lower GI injuries. Selective COX-2 inhibitors, misoprostol, intestinal microbiota modulation, and some mucoprotective agents have been reported to show protective effects on NSAID-induced lower GI injuries. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the prevention of NSAID-related lower GI injuries.

Correlation between CFTR 5T polymorphisms and the risk of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the association between the 5T site polymorphism of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and the risk of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD).@*METHODS@#This case-control study included 40 male patients with isolated CBAVD in the experimental group and 104 healthy men as controls. We used the Sanger sequencing method to encode the CFTR gene intron 9 (TG) m-n(T) and type the haplotypes, followed by a review and meta-analysis of the data obtained from the experiment and relevant literature from the PubMed, Web of science, Medline, CNKI and an exploration of the correlation between 5T mutation and the risk of CBAVD.@*RESULTS@#Sanger sequencing revealed 6 genotypes in the CBAVD patients, including TG11-5T, TG12-5T, TG13-5T, TG11-7T, TG12-7T and TG11-9T, and 7 in the healthy controls, which were TG11-5T, TG12-5T, TG10-7T, TG11-7T, TG12-7T, TG13-7T and TG11-9T. Compared with the controls, the CBAVD patients showed obviously increased rates of the TG12-5T haplotype (4.81% ［10/208］ vs 16.25% ［13/80］) and the TG13-5T haplotype (0% vs 7.5% ［6/80］), but no significant difference in the TG11-5T haplotype (1.92% ［4/208］ vs 2.50% ［2/80］). There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the TG12_13-5T haplotype (OR = 7.40, 95% CI: 4.83－11.34, P < 0.01). The TG12_13-5T haplotype was found to be highly correlated with CBAVD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The haplotype of TG12_13-5T increases the risk of CBAVD in men, which has provided a theoretical basis for male reproduction.

Meta-analysis of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia / 中国实用儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound for neonatal pneumonia by Meta-analysis.METHODS: PubMed,Cochrane library,Embase,CNKI and Wanfang Database were searched from database establishment to September 2018 to gather articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of diagnostic research. A total of 907 studies were retrieved. Eight studies were selected for analysis. QUADAS2 was used to evaluate the quality of articles included. Heterogeneity was assessed by using Q and I2 statistics. Meta-Disc 1.4 software was applied for the statistical analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound for neonatal pneumonia. RESULTS: A total of 8 articles involving 1078 cases were included. Random effect model was adopted for statistical analysis. The pooled sensitivity was0.96(95%CI:0.95-0.98);the pooled specificity was 0.98(95%CI:0.95-0.99);the pooled positive likelihood ratio was19.52(95%CI:5.00-76.15);the pooled negative likelihood ratio was 0.04(95%CI:0.01-0.16);the pooled odds ratio was 565.45(81.80-3908.58);the area under SROC was 0.9950. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia are higher than X-ray. Considering the features of being easy,readily availability,low cost,and being free from radiological hazards,current evidence supports lung ultrasound as an imaging alternative for the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia.

Analysis of lipid and calories in 305 breast milk samples from neonatal intensive care unit / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the lipid and calorie content in breast milk samples from neonatal intensive care unit of the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, and to explore the correlation between the lipid and calorie content of breast milk and perinatal factors, so as to provide ideas and methods for individualized feeding of neonates.@*Methods@#A total of 305 breast milk samples from 183 neonatal mothers in Fifth Me-dical Center of Chinese People′s Liberation Army were tested for fat and calorie by adopting Creamatocrit dynamic breast milk analyzer. All breast milk samples were sent to the breast milk bank of neonatal intensive care unit within 24 hours after collection and refrigeration. Breast milk samples were rewarmed at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes and then determined by the same nurses in the same environment from 1000 to 1100 Am daily. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis and P<0.05 was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The fat content of 305 breast milk samples from 183 infants was (45.65±26.76) g/L and the caloric content was(762.61±206.64) kcal/L(1 kcal=4.184 kJ). There was no significant difference between colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk in terms of fat (F=2.053, P=0.130) and calorie(F=0.830, P=0.437)content.There was no significant difference in colostrum (fat: F=1.119, P=0.331, calorie: F=2.928, P=0.058), transitional milk (fat: F=0.530, P=0.590, calorie: F=1.377, P=0.257), and mature milk (fat: F=0.612, P=0.545, calorie: F=1.101, P=0.337) in terms of fat content and calorie content among different gestational weeks newborns.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that mothers with pregnancy complications were important factors affecting breast milk lipid and calorie content.Mothers with hypertension during pregnancy are important factors affecting the lipid content of mature milk.@*Conclusions@#Breast milk calorie content may be higher than the industry-standard 670 kcal/L, and Creamatocrit dynamic breast milk analyzer can be used to determine the content of breast milk calories and fat, which can be more accurate assessment of neonatal calories and fat intake.Whether the mother is complicated with complications or not during pregnancy is an important factor affecting the colostrum fat and caloric content.

Impact of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy on neonatal mortality and major complications in preterm infants / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) on the mortality and early complications of premature infants.@*Methods@#The general clinical data of preterm infants with gestational age 24-36+ 6 weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014.According to the severity of HDCP, the infants were divided into 4 groups: HDCP group, preeclampsia group, eclampsia group and non HDCP group, the mortality and major complications of preterm infants were compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed.@*Results@#The mortality rate of preterm in the HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ2=9.970, P=0.019). Eclampsia had a highest fatality rate (4.8%) in the early stage, compared with non HDCP group (2.2%), and the difference was statistically significant.Comparison of HDCP group (1.8%) and eclampsia group (3.2%) suggested that there was no statistically significant difference.The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ2=13.241, P=0.004). Eclampsia group showed the highest incidence (35.4%), compared with non HDCP group (16.2%), the difference was statistically significant, but compared with HDCP group (19.9%), preeclampsia group (17.1%), there was no significant diffe-rence.The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group (χ2=9.592, P=0.022), the highest incidence showed up in eclampsia group (9.7%), compared with non HDCP group (2.0%) and HDCP group (1.7%), the difference was statistically significant.But there was no statistically significant difference, compared with preeclampsia group.As the degree of HDCP aggravated, the incidence of BPD gradually rose.There was no significant impact on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and sepsis of HDCP (χ2=7.054, 7.214, 0.358, 3.852; P=0.070, 0.065, 0.949, 0.278). Considering the overall outcome of the child, that was, whether the child died or survived, he had at least one complication, and HDCP had an effect on it (χ2=15.697, P=0.001), so the incidence increased while the degree of HDCP rose gradually.After adjusting gestational age, birth weight, sex, way of delivery, placental abruption and front placenta, prenatal hormonal, gestational diabetes, neonatal asphyxia and other factors, the results displayed that HDCP was the factor leading to the death of premature baby (OR=2.159, 95%CI: 1.093-4.266), and comparison between preeclampsia and eclampsia showed no statistical difference (P=0.714, 0.389); HDCP had no significant influence on RDS, BDP, ICH, NEC, ROP and sepsis.@*Conclusions@#HDCP leads to increased risk of premature death, but also leads to the increased incidence of RDS and BPD, but it had no obvious effect on NEC, ROP, IVH, sepsis and other complications.

Research Progress on Leptotrombidium deliense

This article reviews Leptotrombidium deliense, including its discovery and nomenclature, morphological features and identification, life cycle, ecology, relationship with diseases, chromosomes and artificial cultivation. The first record of L. deliense was early in 1922 by Walch. Under the genus Leptotrombidium, there are many sibling species similar to L. deliense, which makes it difficult to differentiate L. deliense from another sibling chigger mites, for example, L. rubellum. The life cycle of the mite (L. deliense) includes 7 stages: egg, deutovum (or prelarva), larva, nymphochrysalis, nymph, imagochrysalis and adult. The mite has a wide geographical distribution with low host specificity, and it often appears in different regions and habitats and on many species of hosts. As a vector species of chigger mite, L. deliense is of great importance in transmitting scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) in many parts of the world, especially in tropical regions of Southeast Asia. The seasonal fluctuation of the mite population varies in different geographical regions. The mite has been successfully cultured in the laboratory, facilitating research on its chromosomes, biochemistry and molecular biology.