Effect Of Sodium Nitrite Exposure On The Immune Responses Against Of Rift Valley Fever Vaccine In Mice

Objective: Daily exposure to food preservatives constitutes a major crisis to children especially during vaccination so; the aim of the study is to assess the effect of sodium nitrite on the immune responses against Rift Valley fever vaccine (RVFV) in Swiss mice. Methods: Mice were divided into four equal groups: group 1 (control) was orally administrated with distilled water (2 ml/kg b. wt.); group 2 was orally administrated with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of sodium nitrite 0.07 mg/kg b. wt. daily for 21 d, group 3 was vaccinated with inactivated RVFV two times and group 4 was orally given sodium nitrite and vaccinated as group 3. Blood samples were collected from all groups two weeks after booster vaccination. The leucocytic indices and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were determined to assess the cell-mediated immunity. The humoral immunity was evaluated using direct enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) test and serum neutralization test (SNT). Results: Sodium nitrite significantly increased the neutrophil index and the NLR whereas; it decreased the total leucocytic count and lymphocyte index in both non-vaccinated and vaccinated mice. Moreover, sodium nitrite significantly decreased both the IgG titer and the efficiency of vaccination through increasing the ED50 value. Conclusion: Sodium nitrite existed an immune-suppressive effect on both cellular and humoral immune responses in mice.

Acute scrotum in children: Jordan university hospital experience

Introduction: acute scrotum is one of the common surgical emergencies in pediatric age group. Although the differential diagnoses are many, most of the conditions are not urgent; of paramount importance is the prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment of torsion of the test is to avoid permanent ischemic damage. In this study we present our experience at University of Jordan Hospital in management of acute scrotum in children

Methods: a retrospective review of the pediatric patients who were admitted to the pediatric surgical unit at Jordan University Hospital with acute scrotum from March 2008 to March 2013. The characteristics of symptoms, clinical and imaging findings prior to operation, operative findings and type of management were recorded

Results: a total of 59 patients with acute scrotum were admitted and constituted the basis of this study. Operative exploration was performed in all of the 59 cases: Four patients [7%] had testicular torsion, 28patients [48%] had torsion of testicular appendix, 13 patients [22%], had epididymo-orchitis, three patients had idiopathic scrotal edema; three patients [5%] had scrotal hematomas due to trauma; two patients[3%] had incarcerated inguinal hernias; two patients[3%] had hydroceles and four patients [7%] had normal findings

Conclusions: testicular torsion is a common surgical emergency in children which should be treated promptly with early scrotal exploration; since no diagnostic test in the pre-operative work up could differentiate between the different causes and excludes torsion testis which is the major concern. A prospective study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography is suggested based on the results of the predictive values seen in our study

Role of CT scan in the Evaluation of Lung Tumor with Cytopathilogical Correlation.

Lung cancer is an important & widespread disease that contributes a major health problem worldwide. Lung cancer kills over 1 million people per year. Cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. CT scan is the principal radiological examination adjunct to X-Ray chest examination in diagnosis & management of lung cancer. The main Objective of the study was to assess the diagnostic usefulness of CT scan in evaluating & characterize the different types of lung tumors and to correlate CT findings of lung tumors with that of cytopathology. This study was carried out in the department of Radiology & Imaging, Dhaka medical college hospital, Dhaka during the period from 1st January 2007 to March 2008. It was a cross sectional study. Total 51 patients were selected conveniently, detailed history particularly symptoms related to lung tumors was carefully elicited to obtain maximum possible information regarding the illness. Possible diagnosis was established by the combination of history, physical examination, laboratory & radiological investigations. Then patients were underwent CT examination of lung. Cytopathological sample were obtained from the lesion by guided aspiration. Collected FNAC samples were send for cytopathology & collected reports were compared with CT scan reports. Sensitivity of CT to diagnose lung tumor was 97.4%, specificity 76.9% & accuracy 92.2 %.

"Nonunion of Adult Humerus Fracture" - Management Using the Ilizarov External Fixator.

Humeral shaft fractures occur about three percent of all fractures in adults. A very high union rate is achieved with non-operative treatment, however when nonunion occurs conservative approach or after operative management they are often very difficult to treat, and often requires multiple procedures to achieve union. Even with multiple procedures, true pseudoarthrosis have only a 59% union rate. The aim of this study was to find out the results of such complicated cases treating with Ilizarov's external fixator. We conducted a prospective study of eleven patients with nonunion humeral shaft fracture in adult wherein the outcome of the treatment was analyzed. In our series we achieved union in all of the cases with a mean of 29.1 weeks with negligible complications like pin tract infections and in one case refracture occur due to forceful manipulation. So it can be concluded that Ilizarov's method is an excellent option for the treatment of nonunion of diaphyseal fracture of the humerus.

Promising early results for keloid treatment with intralesional colchicine: a clinical and histopathological study

To evaluate the effect ofcolchicine local infiltration in the treatment of keloids. Prospective study. National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute [NHTMRI]. In a clinical trial, 14 cases with keloids were treated by local infiltration ofcolchicine. The results were evaluated objectively and subjectively. Lesional biopsy was obtained before and after treatment and examined by light microscopy. Marked reduction of the size of the lesions and decrease of such complaints as itching and erythema were noted. Favorable results were obtained according to the patients in 83.4% and according to the opinion of the medical examiner in 91.7% of cases. Systemic complications of colchicine absorption, i.e. nausea, did not occur in any patient. Histopathological examination of the lesions after colchicine infiltration reveled marked reduction in the density of collagen bundles, which are widely dispersed through out the dermis. intralesional infiltration of colchicine is safe and effective treatment, of keloids

Comparison between two types of surgical repair in primary distal hypospadias- Mathieu and Snodgrass

Perimeatal flap [Mathieu] and tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty [Snodgrass] methods were compared regarding postoperative complications and cosmetic appearance in primary distal. The medical records of 50 consecutive patients who had undergone repair of primary distal hypospadias by a single surgeon, between January 2002 and July 2004, were reviewed; their age ranged from 0.3 years to 9 years with an average of 3.2 years. Snodgrass-type repair was undertaken in 24 patients who are in a mean age of 3.3 years and with an age range of 0.3 to 9 years. Mathieu-type repair was undertaken in 26 patients who are in a mean age of 3.0 years and with an age range of 0.5 to 9 years. Patients with primary hypospadias either with or without minimal chordee were included in the study. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 6 months. Postoperative complications, namely fistulas, occurred in 4 patients [8.0%]; 3 in the Snodgrass group and one in the Mathieu group, the difference is not statistically significant [P value = 0.305]. The mean hospital stay was 6.5 days in the Mathieu group versus 8.1 days in the Snodgrass group, the difference is not significant [p value = 0.357]. The period of urinary diversion [duration of stenting the urethra] was 5.7 days in the Mathieu group versus 7.3 days in the Snodgrass group, the difference is not significant [p value = 0.232]. Cosmetic appeareance was more satisfactory in the Snodgrass group than in the Mathieu group in regard to the shape and location of the meatus, the shape of the glans and the skin coverage of the shaft of the penis. The Snodgrass method should be preferred for primary distal hypospadias with a normal urethral plate due to its satisfactory cosmetic appearance. However, when a healthy urethral plate is not available, Mathieu-type repair is preferred

Recurrent maturing perineal lipoblastoma

Lipoblastoma is a rare benign neoplasm of fetal adipose tissue that we see mostly in infants and young children less than 3 years of age. Most lipoblastomas occur on the extremities, trunk, head and neck, and various other organs have been described. We report a case of a recurrent perineal lipoblastoma in a 2.5-year-old boy, which showed maturation of the lipoblasts as compared to the primary tumor

Promising early results for keloid treatment with intralesional colchiciae a clinical and histopathological study

In a clinical trial, 14 cases with keloids were treated by local infiltration of colchicines. The results were evaluated objectively and subjectively. Lesional biopsy was obtained before and after treatment and examined by light microscopy. Marked reduction of the size of the lesions and decrease of such complaints as itching and erythema were noted. Favorable results were obtained according to the patients in 83.4% and according to the opinion of the medical examiner in 91.7% of cases. Systemic complications of colchicines absorption, i.e. nausea, did not occur in any patient. Histopathologic examination of the lesions after colchicines infiltration reveled marked reduction in the density of collagen bundles which are widely dispersed throughout the dermis. Intralesional infiltration of colchicines is safe and effective treatment of keloids

Evaluation of two different doses of intrathecal midazolam with bupivacaine for lower abdominal surgery.

Midazolam has a synergistic effect when added to intrathecal bupivacaine. This prospective controlled study compared the effect of addition of two different doses of midazolam [1 mg and 2 mg] to intrathecal bupivacaine for patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Fifty six adult patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to receive intrathecal 3 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine [0.41%] alone or in combination with one or two mg of midazolam. The duration and quality of sensory and motor block, postoperative analgesia, perioperative hemodynamic changes, sedation levels and neurological dysfunction were noted. The difference in the level of sensory block or the motor block between patients in the three groups was not statistically significant. The time elapsed for the sensory block to regress to S2 was significantly longer in the M1 [4.4+/-0.44 hours] and M2 [5.9+/-0.37 hours] groups than the control group [2.3+/-0.58 hours] [p <0.05]. Also, the duration of effective analgesia for patients in M1 group [4.6+/-0.22 hours] and M2 group [6.3+/-0.21] was significantly longer than the control group [2.2+/-0.49 hours] [p<0.05]. None of the patients developed perioperative respiratory depression, excessive sedation or neurological dysfunction at discharge. Other perioperative vital parameters were comparable between patients in the three groups. We conclude that the addition of 1-2 mg midazolam to intrathecal bupivacaine did not produce a higher level of sensory or motor block. It increased the duration of postoperative analgesia without increased perioperative complications. Further dose-response studies are required to define the dose of intrathecal midazolam necessary to elicit an optimal effect

Laparoscopic varicocelectomy

The aim of this work is to determine the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic ligation of the internal spermatic vein [s] cephalad to the internal inguinal ring for symptomatic varicocele. 10 men with unilateral varicocele in 8 cases and bilateral in 2 cases. Diagnosis was based on the history, physical examination and scrotal ultrasound. Laparoscopic ligation was done for sub fertility in 6 patients, testicular pain in 2 patients and testicular atrophy in 2 cases. The spermatic artery was preserved in all cases. The procedure was done on a day surgery basis. The procedure was completed successfully with preservation of the testicular artery in all cases. The average operative time was 50 minutes. No mortality. The morbidity was low and minor; pneumoscrotum in a case. Follow up for 3-6 months showed improvement of the varicoceles with disappearance of pain. Seminal analysis was improved in density by more than 17 millions per ml and motility by more than 33%. No secondary hydroceles were observed. We conclude that, laparoscopic varicocele ablation is simple, safe, and effective with brief convalescence